Transcript The Age of Napoleon

The Age of Napoleon
Mr. Heaps
World History
World History Shorts Review: Napoleon
• Use the shorts lesson to answer the following
questions:
– Why was Napoleon able to overthrow the
Directory?
– What is a coup d'état?
– Why was Napoleon well respected in the French
Army?
– Napoleon established a set of laws in France that
be came known as what?
– Napoleon named himself _________ of France,
as he planned to build a Grand Empire.
– Using his Grand Army, piece by piece, Napoleon
was able to take control of most of __________.
Napoleon’s most famous domestic achievement was his
codification of the laws. Napoleon established 7 codes of
law, the most important being the Civil Code, also known
as the Napoleonic Code.
Equality of
citizens before
the law
Harder to divorce
For women
Right of Indiv.
to choose
profession
The Napoleonic
Code
Abolition of
Serfdom &
Feudalism
Religious
Toleration
Property rights
Carefully
protected
Use text page 347 to ID 6 provisions of the Napoleonic Code.
Napoleon’s Early Life
• Facts: (page 345, 346)
Corsica
– Napoleon was born on the Island of ________.
(see map)
– Young Napoleon attended __________
school in
military
France, which led to his commission in the French
Army.
– He was not well liked by his fellow officers
short
because he was _________,
spoke with an
Italian
money
__________
accent, and had little __________.
– Napoleon was highly educated in the works of the
Philosophes as well as great _________
military
___________
leaders
of the past and their campaigns.
Napoleon & The French Revolution
violence of the
•Napoleon experienced the radical _________
Revolution & Reign of Terror first-hand.
advancement in the military, he vowed his
•Seeking ____________
_________
loyalty to the new Revolutionary government.
Napoleon’s Military Successes
• Napoleon became a ________
Captain in the French
army at age 22, and then became brigadier
General by the C.O.P.S. at the age of only
_________
______.
24
• Napoleon was made commander of the
French armies in ________
where he used
Italy
speed, deception, & surprise to win a series
of victories.
Characteristics that helped Napoleon
influence and win the support of his men
(page 346)
High Energy
charm
Keen
Intelligence
Characteristics
of Napoleon that
made him
successful
Ability to
Make Quick
decisions
Ease with words
Supreme
confidence
in himself
The Dictatorship Begins: Napoleon
Becomes Emperor of France
Video Clip: The Dictatorship Begin
The Consulate
• In 1799, in a ___________,
coup d'état Napoleon overthrew the
30
government of the Directory. He was only ____
years old at the time.
• He proclaimed a new government called the
Consulate and named himself _________,
consul
___________
or
chief magistrate of the French Government.
• What is a consul or magistrate?
A civil officer with power to administer and enforce law.
• The consulate was theoretically a republic, but
Napoleon had ____________
power.
absolute
Napoleon: The Despot
• As first consul, Napoleon controlled the entire
____________.
government
– He appointed members of the ________________.
bureaucracy
– Bureaucracy- A body of non-elective gov’t officials; an
administrative policy making group.
– He controlled the _________.
army
foreign affairs.
– He conducted ___________
legislature
– He influenced the _____________.
consul for life.
• In 1802, Napoleon was made ________
Two years later, at his coronation, he took the crown
Emperor
from the pope and crowned himself __________
Napoleon I of France.
Napoleon: ‘Preserver of the
Revolution’?
• French Revolutionaries had hoped for liberty by
Republic
means of a __________,
but instead what they
dictator
got was a military ___________
in the form of
Napoleon.
despot
• Although Napoleon was a _________
(having
absolute power), he claimed that he had
preserved the gains of the revolution for the
French people.
domestic
• By looking at Napoleon’s ___________
policies,
we can see how Napoleon preserved some of
the ideals of the revolution.
Peace with the Church
• One of Napoleon’s first moves at home was to
oldest enemy of the
establish peace with the _________
Revolution, the _________
Catholic Church.
religious faith. He was an 18th
• Napoleon had no ___________
century believer in _________
reason who saw religion at
convenience
most as a ___________.
• Most French people were _________,
Catholic so to restore
stability to France, Napoleon made an agreement with
the Pope that Catholicism would be the religion of the
majority of France.
return
• In turn, the pope agreed not to ask for the _________
of church lands that had been seized during the
revolution.
Napoleon’s most famous domestic achievement was his
codification of the laws. Napoleon established 7 codes of
law, the most important being the Civil Code, also known
as the Napoleonic Code.
Equality of
citizens before
the law
Harder to divorce
For women
Right of Indiv.
to choose
profession
The Napoleonic
Code
Abolition of
Serfdom &
Feudalism
Religious
Toleration
Property rights
Carefully
protected
Use text page 347 to ID 6 provisions of the Napoleonic Code.
A New Bureaucracy
• Napoleon, developed a powerful, centralized
government
____________.
capable
• He worked hard to develop a bureaucracy of _________
officials.
• Promotion in civil or military offices was to be based not
rank or ________
birth
talent (ability)
on _______
rights, but on _______
only.
• Openinggovernment
_________ careers to individuals based on
their ability was one change the ________
middle class had
wanted before the revolution.
aristocracy based on merit
• Napoleon created a new ____________
in the state service. The old regime’s aristocracy had
been only those of exceptional rank, privilege of birth
right, or wealth.
Despotism replaces Liberty
preserved the gains
• In several ways Napoleon had _________
of the revolution, but when it came to Freedom of
press
despot
__________,
Napoleon was a true _________.
60 of 73 newspapers in
• Napoleon shut down _____
France, insisting that all manuscripts be subjected to
government
_________ scrutiny (examination) before they were
published.
• Even the mail was opened by governmental
police
_________.
• Read People in History @ bottom of p. 348. Who
was Anne-Louise-Germaine de Stael?
Building the Empire
• When Napoleon became consul, who was France at war
Russia, Gr. Britain, Austria
with? _______________________________
• What did Napoleon achieve in 1802? Did it last?
He achieved a peace treaty with these countries; NO.
• In 1803, war was renewed with what country? What
countries joined in against France?
Gr. Britain; Austria, Russia, Sweden, & Prussia.
• Which armies above was Napoleon able to defeat?
Austrian, Prussian, & Russian
• Napoleon’s defeat of these armies led to the creation of
Grand
a new order in Europe, it was called the _________
Empire
________.
Napoleon’s Grand Empire: the French
Empire, dependent states, allied states
Spreading the Principles of the
Revolution
• Read the section at the bottom right of p. 348 along with
the quote from Napoleon to his brother Jerome at the
bottom of page 348. Identify some of the Enlightened
revolutionary ideals that Napoleon stated that he wanted
throughout his empire:
– Commoners should have same right to public
employment as nobles. (promotion based on talent)
–
–
–
–
–
–
Serfdom & inferiority of lower class should be abolished.
Publicity of judicial procedure
Creation of juries
Be a constitutional king
No special privileges for clergy & nobles
Religious toleration
Survival of Great Britain
• Napoleon hoped his Empire would last for
___________,
however it crumbled almost as
centuries
rapidly as it was formed.
• One reason for this collapse was the survival of
Great Britain due to its superiority as a ____
sea power.
• Napoleon had planned to ________
invade Britain. He had
collected ships in order to do so, but after a crushing
French-Spanish naval defeat at the Battle of
Trafalgar
____________
off the southern coast of Spain, he
new he could not do so.
• This British victory ensured that ___________
Napoleon would
never invade Britain.
Napoleon’s Continental System
British
• The aim of the Continental System was to stop _______
goods from reaching the European Continent. This
would economically
___________ destroy Britain’s ability to wage war.
Nationalism
•
Nationalism is the unique cultural identity of a
people based on common __________,
religious
language
beliefs, and ___________
symbols.
national
• The French Revolution & Napoleon’s spread of
revolutionary ideas in Europe aroused
nationalism in Europe in two ways:
____________
oppressors
1. The French were hated as _______________
because of Napoleon’s conquests. This hatred
patriotism
stirred the ______________
of others against
the French.
Revolutions had
2. The American & French ____________
shown the rest of Europe what a nation in arms
could do.
The Fall of Napoleon
Russians had refused to remain in the Continental
• The _________
System, leaving Napoleon no choice but to invade. (Why did he
have no choice?)
Military Disaster: Napoleon Invades Russia
Napoleon’s Exiles & Final Defeat
Napoleon’s Final Exile &
Death
3 Ways Napoleon Changed the World
CAUSE
EFFECT
Napoleon’s creation
of
the Civil Code, or
Napoleonic Code.
Enlightened Revolutionary
ideals (equality, freedom)
were spread
throughout Europe
Napoleon’s Invasion
of
Spain
Weakened Spanish gov’t
leading to Spanish
colonies in Latin America
gaining independence
The Louisiana
Purchase
Transformed the U.S. into
near-continental size.
The U.S. eventually
becomes a great
world power.