Transcript World History Connections to Today

World History: Connection to Today
Chapter 32, Section
Chapter 32
The World Since 1945:
An Overview
(1945–Present)
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
World History: Connection to Today
Chapter 32, Section
Chapter 32: The World Since 1945: An Overview
(1945–present)
Section 1: The Changing Political Climate
Section 2: Global Economic Trends
Section 3: Changing Patterns of Life
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Chapter 32, Section 1
The Changing Political Climate
• How did the end of colonialism and the Cold War
shape the world?
• How did new nations try to form stable governments?
• What role have world organizations played?
• What enduring issues face the world today?
Chapter 32, Section 1
The Cold War and the End of Colonialism
In the postwar decades, the colonial empires built by the
western powers crumbled.
In Asia and Africa, people demanded and won freedoms.
Between 1950 and 1980, more than 50 new nations
emerged in Africa alone.
The new nations emerged in a world dominated and
divided by the Cold War. Each of the superpowers, the
United States and the Soviet Union, wanted new
countries to adopt its ideology, or system of thought or
belief—either capitalism or socialism.
Chapter 32, Section 1
The Great Liberation and the Cold War, 1945 – 1990
Chapter 32, Section 1
How Did New Nations Seek Stability?
After winning independence, new nations had high hopes for the
future. Still, they faced immense problems.
New nations wrote constitutions modeled on western
democracies.
Most were unable to sustain democratic rule.
As problems multiplied, military or authoritarian leaders often took
control. They imposed order by building one-party dictatorships.
Despite setbacks, in the 1980s and 1990s democracy did make
progress in some African, Asian, and Latin American nations.
Chapter 32, Section 1
The Role of World Organizations
International organizations deal with issues of global concern.
The UN was set up as a forum for settling world disputes. Its responsibilities
have expanded greatly since 1945. UN agencies provide services for millions
of people worldwide.
Many nations formed regional groups to promote trade or meet common
needs. Examples include the European Union and the North American Free
Trade Association.
The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) play a large role
in the world economy.
Other types of nongovernmental organizations have forged valuable global
networks. Examples include the International Olympic Committee and the
International Red Cross.
Chapter 32, Section 1
Global Issues
Many issues pose a challenge to world peace.
DEADLY WEAPONS
Since the United States exploded
two atomic bombs in 1945, nations
have poured resources into
building nuclear weapons.
THE QUESTION OF INTERVENTION
HUMAN RIGHTS
Human rights include “the right to
life, liberty, and security of person.”
Human rights abuses, including
torture and arbitrary arrest, occur
around the world.
TERRORISM
Does the world community have a Since the 1960s, incidents of
duty to step in to end human rights terrorism have increased around
abuses? How can it intervene when the world.
the UN Charter forbids any action
that violates the independence of a
member nation?
Chapter 32, Section 1
Section 1 Assessment
The Great Liberation refers to the end of
a) World War II.
b) European colonial empires.
c) the Cold War.
d) terrorism.
Which of the following was a regional group created to promote trade and
meet common needs?
a) the European Union
b) the International Red Cross
c) the International Olympic Committee
d) the UN
Want to connect to the World History link for this section? Click Here.
Chapter 32, Section 1
Section 1 Assessment
The Great Liberation refers to the end of
a) World War II.
b) European colonial empires.
c) the Cold War.
d) terrorism.
Which of the following was a regional group created to promote trade and
meet common needs?
a) the European Union
b) the International Red Cross
c) the International Olympic Committee
d) the UN
Want to connect to the World History link for this section? Click Here.
Chapter 32, Section 2
Global Economic Trends
• In what ways are the global North and South
economically interdependent?
• Why have developing nations had trouble
reaching their goals?
• How is economic development linked to the
environment?
Chapter 32, Section 2
The Global North and South
An economic gulf divides the world into two spheres — the relatively rich
nations of the global North and the relatively poor nations of the global
South.
GLOBAL NORTH
It includes the industrial
nations of Europe and North
America, as well as Japan
and Australia.
Although pockets of poverty
exist, the standard of living
is generally high.
Most people are literate,
earn adequate wages, and
have basic health services.
Most nations have basically
capitalist economies.
GLOBAL SOUTH
It refers to the developing
world.
The South has 75 percent
of the world’s population
and much of its natural
resources.
While some nations have
enjoyed strong growth,
overall the global South
remains underdeveloped
and poor.
For most people, life is a
daily struggle for survival.
Chapter 32, Section 2
Economic Interdependence
Rich and poor nations are linked by many economic ties.
•The nations of the global North control much of the world’s capital,
trade, and technology.
•The global North depends on low-paid workers in developing
states to produce manufactured goods as inexpensively as
possible.
In an interdependent world, events in one country can affect
people everywhere.
EXAMPLE: In 1973, a political crisis led the oil-rich nations of the
Middle East to halt oil exports and raise oil prices. These actions
sent economic shock waves around the world.
Chapter 32, Section 2
Obstacles to Development
Why have many developing nations been unable to make progress
toward modernization?
GEOGRAPHY
Lack of natural resources, difficult climates, uncertain rainfall, and
lack of good farmland have been obstacles for some nations.
POPULATION AND POVERTY
In the developing world, rapid population growth is linked to
poverty.
ECONOMIC POLICIES
Many new nations saw socialism, rather than capitalism, as a way
to modernize quickly. In the long run, socialism blocked economic
growth.
ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE
Most new nations remained dependent on their former
colonial rulers.
POLITICAL INSTABILITY
Political unrest often hindered economic development.
Chapter 32, Section 2
Health Statistics of Selected Countries, 1999
Chapter 32, Section 2
Development and the Environment
Economic development has taken a heavy toll on the environment.
Modern industry and agriculture have gobbled up natural resources
and polluted much of the world’s water, air, and soil.
•Strip mining destroyed much land.
•Chemical pesticides and fertilizers harmed the soil and water.
•Gases from factories produced acid rain.
•The emission of gases into the upper atmosphere has caused global
warming, the increase in world temperatures.
Rich nations consume most of the world’s resources and produce
much of its pollution. At the same time, they have led the campaign to
protect the environment.
Chapter 32, Section 2
Section 2 Assessment
Which of the following is true?
a) The Global South has 75 percent of the world’s population.
b) The Global North has 75 percent of the world’s population.
c) Most nations in the Global North have basically socialist economies.
d) Most people in the Global South enjoy a high standard of living.
The country with the lowest infant mortality rate in 1999 was
a) Angola.
b) Japan.
c) the United States.
d) Guatemala.
Want to connect to the World History link for this section? Click Here.
Chapter 32, Section 2
Section 2 Assessment
Which of the following is true?
a) The Global South has 75 percent of the world’s population.
b) The Global North has 75 percent of the world’s population.
c) Most nations in the Global North have basically socialist economies.
d) Most people in the Global South enjoy a high standard of living.
The country with the lowest infant mortality rate in 1999 was
a) Angola.
b) Japan.
c) the United States.
d) Guatemala.
Want to connect to the World History link for this section? Click Here.
Chapter 32, Section 3
Changing Patterns of Life
• How are new ways of life replacing old ways?
• How has modernization affected the lives of women?
• What are the benefits and limits of modern science
and technology?
• What forces have shaped a new global culture?
Chapter 32, Section 3
How Are New Ways of Life Replacing Old Ways?
Urbanization
Since 1945, people in the developing world have flocked to the
cities to find jobs and escape rural poverty.
In the cities, the extended family of rural villages is giving way to
the nuclear family.
Westernization
In cities, people frequently adopt western fashions and ideas.
Village Life
Westernization and technology are transforming villages.
Changes such as roads, clinics, and television can enrich life,
but they also weaken traditional cultures.
Chapter 32, Section 3
New Rights and Roles for Women
After 1945, women’s movements brought changes to both western
and developing nations.
•
•
•
•
•
By 1950, women had won the right to vote in many countries.
A small number of women won elected office.
In the industrialized world, more and more women worked
outside the home.
By the 1970s, the feminist movement sought greater access
for women to jobs and promotions, equal pay for equal work,
and an end to sexual harassment on the job.
In emerging nations, women worked actively in nationalist
struggles.
New roles for women raised difficult social issues. Working
women had to balance jobs with child rearing and household
work.
Chapter 32, Section 3
Science and Technology
Since 1945, technology has transformed human life and thought.
BENEFITS
DRAWBACKS
The computer brought an
information revolution.
Technology has not been able
to solve such basic problems
as hunger or poverty.
Technology has improved life
for people everywhere.
Technology widened the gap
between the global North and
South.
Medical advances have wiped
out some diseases and
prevented others.
Technology has threatened
many kinds of jobs. For
example, one computer can
process thousands of
telephone calls that were
once handled by human
operators.
New technology increased
food production for the world’s
growing population.
Chapter 32, Section 3
A New Global Culture
Modern communication technology has put people
everywhere in touch and has helped create a new global
culture.
• The driving force behind this global culture has
been the United States. American fashions,
products, and entertainment have captured the
world’s imagination.
• The western world has also been influenced by
nonwestern traditions and culture.
• In the last 100 years, the western world has
gained a new appreciation for the arts of other
civilizations.
Chapter 32, Section 3
Section 3 Assessment
Which of the following was true of women in 1950?
a) Many women were elected to public office.
b) Women had won the right to vote in many countries.
c) The feminist movement had ensured women equal pay for
equal work.
d) Women were working outside the home while men had
taken over traditional household duties.
Benefits of the technology age include all of the following except
a) increased food production.
b) an information revolution.
c) the prevention of some diseases.
d) an end to hunger and poverty.
Want to connect to the World History link for this section? Click Here.
Chapter 32, Section 3
Section 3 Assessment
Which of the following was true of women in 1950?
a) Many women were elected to public office.
b) Women had won the right to vote in many countries.
c) The feminist movement had ensured women equal pay for
equal work.
d) Women were working outside the home while men had
taken over traditional household duties.
Benefits of the technology age include all of the following except
a) increased food production.
b) an information revolution.
c) the prevention of some diseases.
d) an end to hunger and poverty.
Want to connect to the World History link for this section? Click Here.