Transcript AP World History (10/22)

AP World History (10/22)
 Do
Now: Are
barbarians or
nomadic invaders
a negative or
positive factor in
the development
of ancient and
medieval history?
Why?
Essential Question

What happens when
people come into
contact with one
another?

Brainstorm: What
positive/negative
contributions might be
made by nomadic
invaders?
Hint: What groups of
nomads or barbarians
have we already
studied?

The Sui-Tang era

Sui Dynasty



Reunited in 589 CE by
defeat of Chen
kingdom and a
marriage alliance
Key moment: support
of nomadic military
commanders
Not long lasting


Wendi murdered by
his son (Yang Di)
He is in turn murdered
by his ministers in 618
Tang Dynasty


Descended from Turks
who established states
in northern China
(nomads)
Upheld Confucian
values




Scholar gentry
Copied the elaborate
bureaucracy of the Han
Influenced by Buddhism
Strong military
organization


Repaired Great Wall
Defeated kingdoms
and collected tribute

Social-checked the
power of aristocracy
(equal field system)

Land goes to
government after
death




1/5 hereditary
4/5 redistributed
Bureaucrats
elevated/aristocracy
lowered
Some commoners able
to enter university
Cultural focus

Art


Poetry


Carving and statues
show stone cutting
and metalworking
skill
Expected of Tang
gentlemen
What do each of the
following show us
about the Tang?
Their values?
Tang poetry

Against the City of the
Yellow Dragon
Our troops were sent long
years ago,
And girls here watch the
same melancholy moon
That lights our Chinese
warriors –
And young wives dream a
dream of spring,
That last night their heroic
husbands,
In a great attack, with flags
and drums,
Captured the City of the
Yellow Dragon.
How did the Tang Dynasty feel
about Buddhism?
 From
Emperor
Wuzong’s Edict on
the Suppression of
Buddhism: The
Edict of the Eighth
Month
 Hint: Drink the
SPRITE! DRINK IT!!
Chapter Eight reading HW
 Complete
chapter by 10/29
 Terms





Genghis Khan
Hegemony
Middle Kingdom
Shintoism
Uighurs
AP World History (10/27)

Do Now: What impact did the Uighurs have
on the Tang Dynasty?




A. They created a tasty dehydrated orange
drink that could be carried over long distances.
B. They raided Tang cities as payment for
helping to defeat rebellion within the dynasty.
C. They brought written language and the use
of paper currency to the Tang Dynasty.
D. They invaded the Tang Dynasty and caused
it to split into two separate regions.
Changes in China

With the fall of the
Tang Dynasty…


Warlords compete
for power
Song Dynasty-unifies
China but under
constant pressure
from Liao (Northern)
and Xi Xia (Western)

Forced to pay
tribute
Song differences (political)

Reduced power of the
military


Rotated military
commanders


Attempt to control
regional military
commanders power
Gave scholar gentry
more power over
them
Bureaucracy
expanded


Creates economic
pressure
Other problems?
Song differences (economic)

Industry


Commerce



Paper making, ceramics,
coal production, iron and
steel
Use of paper money
Leads to inflation
Agriculture


Improved farm tools,
fertilizers, and water
control
Champa rice-fast
maturing (helps support
large population in the
Southern Song Dynasty)
Role of Women

Empress Wu (Tang
Dynasty)



Used Buddhism to
claim legitimacy
(claimed to be
incarnation of the
Buddha)
Neo-Confuciansattacked Buddhist
policy of careers for
women
Footbinding

Possible reasons?
AP World History (10/28)


Do Now: How do the
following clips from
Mulan display neoConfucian values?
How does the last
clip portray the
nomadic invaders?
What evidence from
the clip supports this
interpretation?

…the author of Foot-Binding in Neo-Confucian China and the
Appropriation of Female Labor, C. Fred Blake, states footbinding as a
“body politic,” in that footbinding was a mechanism for capturing not
only a woman’s “uterine power” to “reproduce biological units of labor”
but also capturing a woman’s “labor power” to produce economic
goods. In other words, footbinding had an influence on women in two
economic ways: first, women opted to stay at home so they didn’t have
to walk on their feet as much, which gave them time to bear and raise
children and, secondly, women could produce economic goods inside
their home, allowing them to still be productive, but keeping them from
having to walk on their feet. The women only appeared to be “useless”
to the society because, as Hill Gates puts it, the goods these women
produced were “appropriated by male kinsmen in the patriarchal family
system.” Hill Gates also adds that footbinding caused women to
participate in the system of economic production such that “the labor
women contributed was veiled by a mystique of women as sexual and
maternal but otherwise worthless.” Therefore, both the “uterine” and the
“labor power” that resulted from a woman having bound feet was to her
husband’s advantage. With more time for children, there was a better
opportunity for the birth of a male heir and, in addition, the goods
produced by the wife at home could be sold for an additional source of
income while she still appeared to be exempt from labor.

http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1037&context
=gvjh
Other reasons

“if a girl’s feet are not bound, people say she is
not like a woman but like a man.”


17th Century author Liu Hsien
Among other interpretations, these further
viewpoints include emphasizing the difference
between men and women, Chinese and nonChinese, and preparing girls for adulthood. While
the various arguments that attempt to explain the
great popularity of footbinding are reasonable,
they all lead to the same explanation: footbinding
became so popular because it was the best hope
for a girl’s family to marry her into a family of the
highest possible class.
China’s impact on rest of
Asia?
 Korea
 Vietnam
 Japan
 How
did China impact each of these
areas?
 Think SPRITE
Japan


Key Concept=isolation
Shintoism





Shinto is not a way of explaining the
world. What matters are rituals that
enable human beings to
communicate with kami.
Kami are not God or gods. They are
spirits that are concerned with
human beings - they appreciate
our interest in them and want us to
be happy - and if they are treated
properly they will intervene in our
lives to bring benefits like health,
business success, and good exam
results.
Buddhism and Confucianism also
influences
Synthesis of cultures/ideas
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religi
ons/shinto/ataglance/glance.shtml
Political structure

Ruling dynasty never
changed


Warriors given high level of
responsibility



Had no real power
Shoguns-ruled in name of
emperor
Military governors
Feudalism




Just like in Europe
Samurai=knights (except for
land ownership)
Class differences
maintained
Ideals of honor over written
contracts
The Bushido Code: What does
it reveal…
 …about
Japanese
beliefs and values?
 …about similarities
to other historical
groups?
 …about Japan’s
political system?
AP World History (10/29)
 Do
Now: Who said it? What does it reveal
about their character?
 “I am the flail of god. Had you not
created great sins, god would not have
sent a punishment like me upon you.”
 “If you're afraid - don't do it, - if you're
doing it - don't be afraid!”
 “It is not sufficient that I succeed—all
others must fail.”
Temujin (aka Genghis Khan)

Member of the Borjigin tribe and a
descendant of Khabul Khan, who
briefly united Mongols against the
Jin (Chin) Dynasty of northern China
in the early 1100s. According to the
"Secret History of the Mongols" (a
contemporary account of Mongol
history), Temujin was born with a
blood clot in his hand, a sign in
Mongol folklore that he was
destined to become a leader. His
mother, Hoelun, taught him the
grim reality of living in turbulent
Mongol tribal society and the need
for alliances.

http://www.biography.com/people
/genghis-khan-9308634#synopsis
What does this excerpt tell us
about Genghis?

When Temujin was 9, his father took him to live with
the family of his future bride, Borte. On the return trip
home, Yesukhei encountered members of the rival
Tatar tribe, who invited him to a conciliatory meal,
where he was poisoned for past transgressions
against the Tatars. Upon hearing of his father's death,
Temujin returned home to claim his position as clan
chief. However, the clan refused to recognize the
young boy's leadership and ostracized his family of
younger brothers and half-brothers to near-refugee
status. The pressure on the family was great, and in a
dispute over the spoils of a hunting expedition,
Temujin quarreled with and killed his half-brother,
Bekhter, confirming his position as head of the family.
Legacy of Genghis Khan
 What
impact do
Genghis Khan and
the Mongols have
on the world?
 Were the Mongols
simply “fiends from
hell” or were they
“cultural brokers?”
The trial of the century

Pretend that the Mongols (and their leaders)
are being brought before the international
court to answer to the following charges:






Mass murder
Intentional destruction of property
Blackmail and/or extortion
Germ warfare
Forced relocation
Are they guilty of these charges? Why or why
not?
Roll for your role












Genghis Khan
Kubilai Khan
Marco Polo
Chinese artisan
Ogodei
Member of an Ortogh (Chinese merchant association)
Alexander Nevskii
William of Rubruck
Lead defense attorney
Lead prosecutor
Ju Yuanzhang (Hongwu)
Li Xian (leader of Western Xia=Tanggut Empire)
What do I need to do?

Defense/Prosecution-choose your team



You will need to write out questions for each witness you will call to
the stand/cross examine (make inferences about what the other
side might ask
Read through the VAST array of documents to attempt to make
your case
Assign different individuals different segments of the research


Take notes and report back on your findings
Individuals

Research your role and be able to answer questions (under oath)
about the following:



How they personally felt about the Mongols
Why they felt this way (evidence from sources)
Whether they felt the Mongols responsible for previously mentioned
charges
Trial prep

Brainstorm a strategy with your team




What points do you want to make?
How can you bring them into the case?
What evidence do you have to support your
position?
Script it out

Both questions AND answers (you will be on the
spot for cross examination-but have notes ready
to go)

Use this link to assist in the process:

http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/
The trial itself
I
will serve as judge
 Present your case as you have prepared it
 Take notes on the other side’s case


Use these to help with cross examination
Again, make sure evidence is organized
and notes are easy for you to follow
 Defense/prosecution-if
time becomes an
issue, judge may limit the number of
questions/amount of time per witness
Assessment
I
will assess you in the following ways for
this project:





participation (15%)
Trial notes (15%)
Preparation notes (20%)
Closing argument (25%)
Trial response (25%)
 This
will count as a writing assessment
(number of points TBD at a later date)
AP World History (10/30)
 Do
Now: How
could Genghis
Khan be
considered
“green” (that is,
nurturing the
environment)?
Genghis the green
Genghis Khan has been branded the
greenest invader in history - after his
murderous conquests killed so many people
that huge swathes of cultivated land
returned to forest.
The Mongol leader, who established a
vast empire between the 13th and 14th
centuries, helped remove nearly 700million
tons of carbon from the atmosphere, claims
a new study.
Genghis the Green (cont.)
‘It's a common misconception that the human impact on
climate began with the large-scale burning of coal and oil in the
industrial era,’ said Julia Pongratz, who headed the research by
the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology.
‘Actually, humans started to influence the environment
thousands of years ago by changing the vegetation cover of
the Earth's landscapes when we cleared forests for agriculture,’
she told Mongabay.com.
The 700million tons of carbon absorbed as a result of the
Mongol empire is about the same produced in a year from the
global use of petrol.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article1350272/Genghis-Khan-killed-people-forests-grew-carbon-levelsdropped.html
AP World History
 Next

reading assignment (due 11/12)
Ch. 9 (pp. 227-243)
 Terms





Africanity
Sudanic States of Africa
Swahili
Delhi Sultanate
Consequences of Interregional Networks
and contacts