Transcript The Life Cycle - davis.k12.ut.us

Nutrition Through the Life
Cycle
General Nutritional Needs
 Good nutrition:
Resists disease
Helps decrease
recuperation time
Supplies energy
 Exercise is important
throughout the life cycle.
 Proper amounts of fiber in
the diet is directly linked to
preventing many health
problems.
The Life Cycle
Prenatal (before birth)
Infant (0-11 months)
Child (1-11 years)
Adolescent (12-20 years)
Adult (21-60 years)
Elderly (60+ years)
Prenatal Nutrition
 The major nutrients that a mother needs during
pregnancy are:
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Protein
Iron
Calcium
Folic Acid
 Why are these nutrients important??
 Pregnant women need folic acid within the first
28 days to help prevent neural tube defects,
such as spina bifida.
 Excellent food sources include: high protein
foods such as fish, poultry, meat, eggs, beans,
enriched breads and cereals, fruits, and dark
green vegetables.
Infant Nutrition
 Feeding Newborns:
There are two choices for
feeding newborn infants: breastfeeding and bottle feeding.
After the first four months, the
baby will be ready for “solid”
food.
 Can you give a baby honey?
 NO!!
 Why not?
 Botulism! Spores grow in
their digestive tracts
Can be fatal
Childhood Nutrition
 1 T of food for each year of the child’s life.
Kids have small stomachs! They will need snacks to
maintain their energy throughout the day.
Nutrient dense snack ideas: juice, yogurt, milk, fruit,
vegetables, cooked meat, unsweetened cereal, whole
grain crackers.
Childhood Nutrition
 Follow the MyPlate Guidelines for Kids (Based
on ages 6-11). It states that every child needs:
 Grains: 6 oz everyday, half being whole
grains
 Vegetables: 2 ½ cups everyday
 Fruits: 1 ½ cups everyday
 Milk: 2 ½ cups everyday
 Protein: 5 oz everyday
Early Childhood Nutrition
 Serve foods that vary in color,
texture, shape, size, and
temperature.
 Eat meals with children. Be a
role-model for good eating
habits and behavior.
 Avoid using food as a reward or
punishment.
 Don’t encourage children to
become members of the “clean
your plate society.”
 When possible, let children
choose what foods they want to
eat for some meals.
Early Childhood Nutrition
Teach children how to prepare nutrientrich foods by and for themselves.
Introduce foods one at a time, not all at
once.
Remember: Children’s taste-buds are very
sensitive!
Child’s Meal Plan
Teen Nutrition
 Adolescents need extra nutrients to support
growth
 Goal: Follow MyPlate Guidelines
 Dairy: 3 C per day
 Protein: 5-6 oz per day
 Grains: 6-8 oz per day
 Vegetables: 2 ½ - 3 C per day
 Fruits: 1 ½ - 2 C per day
 Two biggest nutrition problems:
Obesity
Eating disorders (Anorexia, Bulimia)
3 Keys to Healthy Eating
VARIETY
MODERATION
BALANCE
Iron
Teen Females need 15 mg/day
Teen Males need 12 mg/day
Good sources:
Meat, poultry, fish, cereal, beans, green leafy
vegetables
Special Nutritional Concerns
Eating Disorders
Eating disorders involve physiological
changes associated with food.
Anorexia Nervosa: psychological loss or
denial of appetite and self-starvation
Bulimia Nervosa: large quantities of food
are eaten at one time (binging) and then
purged from the body by vomiting or use
of laxatives
Outward Signs of Eating Disorders
1. Preoccupation with food
2. They become irritable and
hostile
3. They refuse to eat or eat
only very little
4. They are excessively critical
of themselves
5. They look emaciated
6. Hair loss
7. Bruising
8. Dental decay
9. Lanugo
Physical Effects of Eating Disorders
1. Lowered body
temperature
2. Metabolism slows
down
3. Decreased heart
rate
4. Iron-deficiency
anemia
5. Rough, dry, scaly
and cold skin
6. Low blood
potassium
7. Decreased bone
mass (osteoporosis)
and muscle mass
8. Possible loss of
teeth
9. Muscle tears and
fractures in athletes
How can you help a friend?
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Be sensitive
Let them know that you are there to help and to be a
friend.
Talk to a trusted adult to set up appointments for
professional help
The most important thing you can do is be a support
for your friend. Let them know that you are there for
them no matter what.
You are Special
Healthy Snacks!
Adults
Metabolism slows down; in general,
total food intake need to be reduced.
Metabolism: chemical process in the body
that provides energy in useful forms to
sustain vital activities.
Exercise is an important component
to balancing calories.
Sedentary lifestyle creates a greater
need for daily exercise.
Adults and MyPlate
Fruit: 1 ½ - 2 C per day
Vegetables: 2 ½ - 3 C per day
Grains: 6-7 oz per day
Protein: 5-6 oz per day
Dairy: 3 C per day
Feel Better Today, Stay Healthy for
Tomorrow!
Make smart choices
from every food
group.
Find your balance
between food and
physical activity.
Get the most nutrition
out of your
calorieseat nutrient
dense foods.
Exercise Plan for an Adult!
The Aging and the Elderly
 Use less energy, need fewer calories
 Still need same amount of nutrients!
 Nutrient dense foods are important.
 Taste sensations and smells are less sensitive.
The Aging and the Elderly
Various physical and
mental challenges may
limit ability to purchase
and prepare foods.
Malnutrition is a concern,
especially for those who
live alone.
Many health concerns
related to aging affect
eating habits and food
choices.
MyPlate for the Elderly
Fruit: 1 ½ - 2 C per day
Vegetables: 2-2 ½ C per day
Grain: 5-6 oz per day
Protein: 5-5 ½ oz per day
Dairy: 3 C per day
Tips to Improve Nutrition
Buy frozen dinners or pre-cooked food
“Eat out” at a senior center
Share shopping and cooking duties with a
friend or neighbor
Eat food that is soft, chop/grind food
Add gravy or sauce to make it moist
Thick soup, fruit smoothies, milkshakes,
and hot cereals are good choices
Elderly meal plan