Transcript Nutrition for Special Situations

Unit 6
HUM-FNW-6
Created by Katie Gilbert Foster
Locust Grove High School
Nutrition and Food Science
Standard
• HUM-FNW-6: Investigate the health and
nutrition requirements of individuals and
families with special needs.
o 6.1 Determine the health and nutrition requirements of
athletes, young children, and older adults
o 6.2 Determine the health and nutrition requirements for
vegetarians and people with food allergens.
Nutrition for Young
Children
• Ages 6-12 children grow continuously
• They develop many habits they will carry with them
throughout their lifetime.
• This is the time for parents to set good examples for
their children and encourage them to try new
foods.
• DO NOT use food as a reward or punishment.
Nutrition for
Young Children
• 6 year olds and 12 year olds need different amounts
of food but the same types of foods.
• Children’s appetites are fairly regular so you can
judge their energy needs.
• Just like us they should be getting food from all food
groups at each meal
• They prefer familiar foods but they still need those
that are nutrient dense.
Nutrition for Young
Children
• As they get older they will want more variety and
want to try more foods.
• Their serving sizes will also increase.
• Each meal should supply about 1/3 of the days
needed nutrients and calories.
• Many children have trouble eating enough foods
that meet their nutritional needs.
Nutrition for Young
Children
• Snacks can provide additional nutrients and
can be things that children enjoy.
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o
o
o
o
o
Fresh Fruit
Raw Vegetables
Low-fat Cheese
Yogurt
Raisins
Whole grain crackers with peanut butter
Nutrition for Young
Children
• Children who skip breakfast don’t obtain the
nutrients they need.
• Breakfast provide ¼ of the days nutrients
o Think outside the box: Breakfast
• Yogurt
• Tomato soup
* More important for them to eat breakfast than to skip it.
Nutrition Amounts for
Young Children
Ages 9-13 Need…
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o
o
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1 ½ cups Fruit
2 cups Vegetables
5 oz Grains
5 oz Protein
3 cups Dairy
5 tsp Oil
Ages 4-8 Need…
o
o
o
o
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1-1 ½ cups Fruit
1 ½ cups Vegetables
5 oz Grains
4 oz Protein
2 ½ cups Dairy
4 tsp Oil
Nutrition for
Older Adults
• Foods eaten by older adults need to be
more nutrient dense than those younger
than them.
• Older adults
o Decrease physical activity
o Need less energy to carry on vital processes
o Require fewer calories
Nutrition for Older
Adults
• Diets of older adults tend to be LOW in
the following…
o
o
o
o
o
Calcium
Potassium
Fiber
Magnesium
Vitamins A, C & E
* For some older adults B12 and D are also concerns.
Osteoporosis in
Older Adults
• Osteoporosis is a major problem for older adults
• Older woman are at the greatest risk for this because
women have less bone mass then men.
• Women also have more demands on their calcium
stores than men because of pregnancies.
• Hormonal changes after menopause also contribute to
osteoporosis.
• Increasing your calcium after osteoporosis develops will
not cure osteoporosis.
Special Problem in Older
Adults
• Limited Income
o Can’t afford nutritious foods
o Food Stamp Programs
• Difficulty in Shopping
o
o
o
o
Cause them to miss meals
Some grocery stores deliver for a small fee
Meals on Wheels
Church and Civil groups
• Loneliness
o
o
o
o
Unappealing to eat
Eating is a social activity for some
Senior Centers (nutritious meals & activities)
Church & Civic Centers
Nutrition Amounts for
Older Adults
• Men 51+ Need…
o 2 Cups Fruit
o 2 ½ Cups
Vegetables
o 6 oz Grains
o 5 ½ oz Protein
o 3 Cups Dairy
o 6 tsp Oil
• Woman 51+ Need…
o 1 ½ cups of Fruit
o 2 cups of
Vegetables
o 5 oz Grains
o 5 oz Protein
o 3 cups of Dairy
o 5 tsp Oil
Nutrition for Athletes
• Athletes have a high need for increased calories
• 55-60% should come from complex carbohydrates.
(whole grain breads, cereals, pasta, rice and
starchy vegetables)
• Choose lean meats and protein
• Low-fat and fat free dairy products to meet the
need for calcium.
• Fresh fruits and vegetable will furnish the needed
vitamins and minerals.
Nutrition for Athletes
• Most athletes can meet their nutrition needs if they
are following MyPlate.
• Added supplements are not necessary unless a
registered dietician is consulted and advises that
there is a need for this.
o Costly
o Ineffective
o Dangerous
Dehydration in Athletes
• Water is most likely to affect sports performance.
• Loosing a lot of fluids during practice and
competitions which can cause dehydration to
happen quickly.
o Before the event begin drinking fluids.
o During the event drink ½ -1 cup of water in 15 minute
intervals.
o After you should consume more fluids.
Dehydration in Athletes
• Sodium in sports drinks replaces the lost sodium
during the event.
• Water along with a normal well balanced diet can
make up for the loss of sodium during an event.
Nutrition for
Vegetarians
• A Vegetarian eats a diet built
partly or entirely on plant
foods.
• Lacto-ovo vegetarians include dairy products and
eggs.
• Vegans eat no animal products or animal byproducts.
o Protein sources: legumes, nuts and grains.
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•
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•
Nutrient Concerns for
Vegetarians
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
Calcium
Iron
Zinc
• Certain deficiencies can stunt growth in infants,
children & teens.
• They can affect the health of pregnant &
lactating woman & their babies
* People in these groups need to consult a dietitian about their
diet to make sure they are consuming the correct nutrients.
Nutrition for those with
Food Allergens
• A food allergy involves a response to the
body’s immune system.
o Blood Test will verify if you have these allergies.
• Symptoms May Include
o
o
o
o
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Skin Rashes
Runny Nose
• Most Common Food Allergies
-Milk
- Eggs
-Fish
- Shellfish
-Tree nuts
-Peanuts
-Wheat
-Soybeans
Resources
• Largen, V., & Bence, D. (2008). Guide to good food.
Tinley Parks, Illinois: The Goodheart-Willcox
Company, Inc.