Transcript Baby*s First Year

Unit 3
BABY’S FIRST YEAR
7. 1 infant growth and
development
 Growth- changes in size such as weight and
length
 Development- increases and changes in
physical, emotion, social or intellectual skills
 Developmental milestone- a key skill used to
check a child’s progress
Environment
 Stimulating environment: baby has a wide
variety of things to see, taste, smell, hear and
touch
 Stimulating environment babies make more brain
connections
 Lacking environment results in weaker brain
connections
 language
Growth during the 1st year
 From birth to age 1 infants typically triple their
birth weight
 Lose 10% birth weight in first 5 days then gain
 Average 1 year old weighs 20-22lbs
 Increase length by 50%
 Growth chart- shows average weight and height
of girls and boys at various ages
Patterns of Physical Development
 Head to Foot
 Begins in prenatal development
 head movement before walking
 Near to Far
 Close to the body and moves outward
 Arms then fingers
 Simple to Complex
 Head control, rolling, reaching, crawling, walking
 Talking, reading, writing
Senses
 Vision
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Blurry then can see 7-10 inches away by 1 week
1 month can see up to 3 feet away
6 months eyesight reaches that of an adult
Only see 2D until second month
Patterns and colors of high contrast-red and blue
 Hearing
 Develops before birth
 Touch
 Prefer warm and soft
 Smell
 Does not develop until after birth
 Within 10 days can distinguish mother from others
 Taste
 Prefer sweet
Developmental Milestones
 First month
 Lifts head and turns from side to side
 Reacts to parents voice
 Second month
 Watches objects move
 Makes babble sounds
 Third month
 Open and close hands
 Lifts head and chest when on stomach
 Fourth month
 Grasps rattle
 Puts hands in mouth
 Rolls from tummy to back
 Fifth month
 Turns head in direction of sound
 Knows happy speech from unhappy speech
 Sixth month
 Passes object from one hand to the other
 Puts objects in mouth
 Seventh month
 Rolls over both ways
 Sits up steadily
 Stands with assistance
 Eighth month
 Pulls self up
 Bangs blocks together
 Ninth month
 Uses index finger to poke
 Puts objects in containers
 Tenth month
 Crawls
 Imitates new sounds
 Eleventh month
 Walks while holding onto furniture
 Grasps with thumb and forefinger
 Uses gestures
 Twelfth month
 Walk a few steps alone
 Stands alone
 Holds and drinks from cup
Physical Development
 Gross motor skills- skill that involves the large
muscles of the body
 Fine motor skills- involves the smaller muscles of
the body
7.2 Caring for an Infant
 Sleeping
 Place infant on their back when sleeping
 Newborns sleep up to 20hrs a day- decreases to 12 by
1 year
 Clothing
 Babies lose heat quickly as are also sensitive to
overheating
 Dress baby in 1 more layer than an older child or adult
would wear
 Clothing size is determined by weight and age
 Feeding
 Breast milk or formula
 Burp baby during and after feeding
 Introduce solid foods around 4-6 months
 Weaning off bottle to cup around 9-12 months
 Self feeding when they can sit up
 Allergies
 malnutrition
 Infant Safety Concerns
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Choking
Suffocation
Water
Falls
Poisoning
Burns
Sun
Animals
 Check-ups
 Newborn, months 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12
 immunizations
7.3 infant health and wellness
 Cradle cap- skin condition known for yellowish,
crusty patches on the scalp
 Diaper rash- patches of rough, red, irritated skin
in diaper area
 Teething- process of teeth pushing through the
gums
8.1 Emotional Development
 Emotional development- process of learning to
recognize and express feelings and to establish a
personal identity
 Failure to thrive- condition in which babies do
not grow and develop properly. Do not respond
to people and objects.
 Can be caused by neglect, abuse or another form of
stress
 Can fail to thrive if they do not have a stimulating
environment
Crying
 Crying is the way infants express emotion
 4 basic cries
 Hungry
 Rhythmic rise and fall-demanding
 Pain
 Loud gasps-shrieks
 Bored
 Low pitched-increases when ignored
 Angry
 Loud-demanding
Uncontrollable Crying
 Colic- uncontrollable crying by an otherwise
healthy baby
 Difficult-impossible to comfort
 Usually ends around 3-4 months
 Gas, lactose intolerance, breast feeding
 Reflux –partially digested food rises in the
throat
 Forceful vomitting
Parents Responsibilities
 Parent/caregiver responding to an infants cry is
a vital part of emotional nurturing
 Help baby to learn to trust and bond (AKA
attachment)
 Learning trust vs. mistrust, Erikson’s psychosocial
development
 Healthy attachment develops trust, self-esteem,
social and emotional development
Understanding Temperament
 How a baby reacts to others and the world
 Nine different traits-each child has each trait to
a greater or lesser degree
 Intensity
 How strong or weak are a child’s emotional responses to
events
 Persistence
 How determined is a child to complete an action
 Sensitivity
 How strongly does a child react to his or her feelings
 Perceptiveness
 How aware of all that is around them
 Adaptability
 How easily do they accept change
 Regularity
 Does their behavior follow regular patterns
 Activity
 What is child’s energy level
 Approach
 How they face new situations
 Mood
 Cheerful or cranky
8.2 Social Development of Infants
 Social development- process of learning how to
interact and express oneself with others
 Closely related to emotional development
 Learning through cause and effect
 Learning through imitation
 Social development through exploration
Social Developmental Milestones
 1 month
 Coos and babbles
 2-3 months
 Begins to smile and show excitement
 4-6 months
 Laughs, squeals, babbles
 May cry when left alone
 7-8 months
 Tries to imitate sounds
 begins to experience stranger anxiety
 9-10 months
 Enjoys playing peek-a-boo
 11-12 months
 Spends time looking in mirrors
9.1 Early Brain Development
 At birth, the brain has billion of neurons
 a nerve cell
 In response to experiences, babies’ brains
immediately begin to develop links between
neurons called neural pathways
 These pathways “wire” the brain so that it can
control different body functions and thinking
processes
Parts of the brain
 Brain divided into sections which control specific functions
 Cerebrum
 Speech, memory, problem solving
 Cortex- growth permits more complex learning
 Thalamus
 Sensory information from other parts to the cortex
 Pituitary gland
 Secrete hormones that control growth, metabolism, and sexual
development
 Brain stem
 Involuntary activities- breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
 Spinal cord
 Transmits info from body to brain and vice versa
 Cerebellum
 Muscular coordination and balance
How the brain works
 Neurons are connected by axons
 On the end of neurons there are dendrites
9.2 intellectual development
 Signs of intellectual growth
 Remembering experiences
 Making associations
 Understanding cause and effect
 Paying attention
Sensorimotor period
 Piaget’s first stage of learning
 Babies learn through their senses
 Learn object permanence – concept that
objects will continue to exist even when they
are out of sight- 10 months
9.3 Helping Infants Learn
 Communication
 Sign language
 As early as 6 months
 Enhances language development
 Learning to speak
 Babies must learn to associate meanings with words
 Caregivers should constantly talk to infant
 Understandable words between 8-15 months
 Reading teaches speech
Importance of play
 Essential to development
 Choosing toys
 Usefulness
 Safety