Transcript Nervous Sys
Chapter 6: The Nervous System Lesson 6.1 Overview of the Nervous System Organization of the Nervous System • 2 major divisions – central nervous system (CNS) – peripheral nervous system (PNS) • sensory receptors • afferent (sensory) nerves • efferent (motor) nerves © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Two Major Divisions © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. The Efferent Nerves • somatic nervous system – voluntary • autonomic nervous system – involuntary – sympathetic – parasympathetic © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Nervous Tissues • neuroglia – AKA glial cells – support and protect neurons • neurons – transmit nerve impulses © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Neuroglia • CNS – – – – astrocytes microglia ependymal oligodendrocytes © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Neuroglia • peripheral nervous system – Schwann cells – satellite cells © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Neurons • dendrites – send information to cell body (Deliver) • cell bodies • Axons – send information AWAY from cell body © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Neuron Types by Function • sensory neurons – send impulses toward CNS • motor neurons – send impulses away from CNS • interneurons – bridges between neurons © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Neuron Structures • bipolar – 1 axon and 1 dendrite • unipolar – 1 axon © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. • multipolar – 1 axon, many dendrites Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Review and Assessment Match terms with 1–4 below: Sympathetic nervous system Myelin Synapse Axon 1. high alert 2. transmits impulses away from cell body 3. fatty insulating material 4. gap between neurons © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Chapter 6: The Nervous System Lesson 6.2 Transmission of Nerve Impulses Transmission of Nerve Impulses • action potentials – change in cell membrane charge • impulse transmission – charge change travels along axon • reflexes – involuntary response to stimulus © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Action Potentials • • • • polarized depolarized refractory period repolarized © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Impulse Transmission • transmission at synapses – gap junctions – neurotransmitter • excitatory effect • inhibitory effect © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Reflexes • somatic – stimulate skeletal muscles • autonomic – stimulate involuntary muscles © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Chapter 6: The Nervous System Lesson 6.3 Functional Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Cerebrum • cerebral cortex – gyrus – sulcus – fissure • lobes – – – – frontal parietal occipital temporal • primary motor cortex • primary somatic sensory cortex © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Cerebrum © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Diencephalon • thalamus • hypothalamus © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Brain Stem • midbrain • pons • medulla oblongata © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. The Brain • cerebellum • blood-brain barrier • meninges – dura mater – arachnoid mater – pia mater © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Spinal Cord © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Chapter 6: The Nervous System Lesson 6.4 Functional Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System • sympathetic nerves – fight-or-flight action • parasympathetic nerves – resting or digesting action © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Chapter 6: The Nervous System Lesson 6.5 Injuries and Disorders of the Nervous System Traumatic Brain Injury • violent impact to head – mild – moderate – severe © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Cerebral Palsy • damage to brain – before birth – during birth – during infancy • motor function impairment © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Spinal Cord Injuries • • • • C1–C3: usually fatal C1–C4: quadriplegia C5–C7: paralysis of lower extremities T1–L5: paraplegia Corepics/Shutterstock.com © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Diseases and Disorders of the CNS • • • • • • • • meningitis multiple sclerosis epilepsy Parkinson’s disease dementia and Alzheimer’s disease ALS Huntington’s stroke © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.