Transcript subcortex - Psychology

The Whole is greater than the
sum of its parts.
Meninges
Protect brain from shock
Provide buoyancy
Infection: meningitis
KW2-5
Meninges (sketch)
• Skull
• Dura mater
(tough mother)
• Arachnoid layer
• Subarachnoid space
filled with CSF
• Pia mater
(soft mother)
• Cortex (bark)
Ventricles
Cavities in the brain
filled with CSF
Hydrocephalus is
caused by blockage
KW 2-9
CSF
Circulation
• CSF produced in
ventricles
• Chorid plexus
• CSF circulates thru
ventricles and
• Meninges
• Brain and spinal
cord
• Spinal tap
Hydrocephalus
• Flow of CSF
blocked.
• CSF builds up in
ventricles.
• Ventricles expand.
• Brain tissue
destroyed by
pressure.
• Must drain CSF
Lobes of the Brain
Lateral ventricles
KW 1-1
Blood Flow to Cortex
Important when determining stroke
where flow is blocked or blood vessel
ruptures.
KW 2-7
Stroke
• Blood clot blocks
flow.
• Hypertension
• Artery ruptures.
• Hemorrhage.
• Loss of blood
supply to brain in
both cases.
Subdural
Hematoma
• Blow to skull
ruptures vein.
• Blood collects
under dura.
• Displaces brain.
• Pressure must be
released.
Brainstem
KW 2-15
Brains
from All
Sides
KW 2-6
Reticular Formation
Brain’s arousal center
KW 2-16
Midbrain (Colliculi)
Old sensory centers for
vision and hearing
KW 2-18
Cerebellum
Coordination
Planning
Learning
Prediction
Fine motor control
KW 2-17
Brainstem structures
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Reticular Formation
Sleep center
Cerebellum
Vegetative centers for
heart rate, breathing,
cough reflex, etc
• Cranial Nerves
• Summary: basic body
functions
• Essential for life
Thalamus
Located in very center of
brain. “Inner chamber”
Thalamus and Cortex
Thalamus
Visual Cortex
Eye
Thalamus is a Relay Station for the senses
Location of the
Thalamus
Below thalamus we find
Hypothalamus
Motivation
Regulates pituitary
Homeostasis
KW2-19
Hypothalamus
KW 11-9
Motivation-Hunger
• The
hypothalamus
controls eating
and other body
maintenance
functions
Hypothalamus and
Pituitary
KW 11-11
Motivation and the
Hypothalamus
• Homeostasis
– tendency to maintain a balanced or constant
internal state
• Setpoints for eating and drinking.
• Control endocrine system thru pituitary
Initiates movements
like walking.
“Starter Motor”
Gross motor control
Basal Ganglia
Basal Ganglia
KW 2-23
Diseases of the Basal Ganglia
Huntington’s Disease: A genetic
disorder
Website: www.hdfoundation.org
Parkinson’s Disease: Loss of dopamine
producing neurons.
Nancy Wexler
Website: www.parkinsonaction.org
Michael J. Fox
Limbic
System
Emotional Brain
KW 2-20
Limbic System
• Emotional Brain
• Negative emotions
like fear and anger
• Brain’s “ID”
• Animal impulses
and reactions
• Balanced in humans
by cortex
KW 11-14
Hippocampus and Amygdala
KW 2-24
Experiencing Emotion
• The Amygdala• a neural key to
fear learning
Hippocampus
(purple)
Memory components
• Hippocampus: consolidation of new
memories
• Movie: Memento
• Amygdala: emotional memory
• Flashbulb memory
• Life-changing experiences
Next: Mapping the cortex