Transcript The Brain 3 Lbs, Texture=Cold Oatmeal

Ch. 10 The Brain
3 Lbs, Texture=Cold Oatmeal
What are the 4 Major Parts of the
Brain?
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1) Cerebral Hemispheres
2) Diencephalon
3) Brain Stem
4) Cerebellum
How is the brain protected?
• Meninges: A connective membrane
covering the CNS.
• What are the 3 meninges?
• Dura Mater: Tough Mother
• Arachnoid Mater: Spider Mother,
Cerebral Spinal Fluid Flows between
Arachnoid and Pia Mater
• Pia Mater: Gentle Mother
Diseases of the Meninges.
• Meningitis: Inflammation of the
meninges caused by a bacteria or
virus
• Encephalitis: Brain Swelling
caused by an increase in cerebral
spinal fluid
Meningitis- Yellow cloudy
meninges to the left.
Parts of the Brain to know.
• Gyri= Elevated ridges
• Sulci= Furrows (when you “sulk”
you’re down)
• Fissures= the deep grooves
– Longitudinal Fissure: Separates R
& L hemispheres
• Lobes= Smaller sections of the
cerebrum
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
What do they do?
• Frontal Lobe: concentration and
problem solving
• Temporal Lobe: interprets &
remembers visual and auditory patterns
• Occipital Lobe: visual area
• Parietal Lobe: speech, motor,
sensations
The Brain
Brain
Dissection
How do the L & R hemispheres
work?
• The Left side of the brain controls the Right
side of the body
• The Right side of the brain controls the Left
side of the body.
• Dominant Hemisphere: 90% Left
(Language, Speech, Reading, Writing, and
Analytical skills)
Mini-Mini Experiment
• Quickly fold your hand
together.
• Which thumb is on top?
• If your left thumb what is the
dominant side of your brain?
What are the Cerebral
Hemispheres’ functions?
• Figure 10.13, pg. 259
The Brain
Motor cortex
Somatosensory cortex
Sensory associative
cortex
Pars
opercularis
Visual associative
cortex
Broca’s
area
Visual
cortex
Primary
Auditory cortex
Wernicke’s
area
What is the job of the
cerebellum?
• Coordinates balance and movement
• Like the cerebrum it has two
hemispheres
What is the job of the brain stem?
Table 10.1, pg. 262
• Midbrain: Connects the cerebrum
to the rest of the nervous system
• Pons: Control breathing and relays
impulses.
• Medulla Oblongata: Controls
heart rate, bp, breathing, swallowing,
and vomiting
Job of the Diencephalon?
• Epithalamus: Originates CSF
• Thalamus: Relay station for sensory
impulses, crude touch and temp perception,
cognition & awareness.
• Hypothalamus: Autonomic Nervous
System, Regulates Homeostasis of Temperature,
Thirst, Metabolism, all basic drives, maintains
waking state and sleep pattern.
• Pineal gland: secretes hormone melatonin =
sleep
Where is the Pituitary Gland?
• In the diencephalon
• Master hormone regulator
• Causes hot flashes
Job of the Cerebellum?
• Coordinates complex skilled movements.
• Posture (How is yours right now?)
• Balance
Job of the Cerebrum?
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Perceive sensory information
Control muscular movement
Integrate functions
Personality, IQ, & Memories
Basal Ganglia: regulates muscle tone
Limbic system: emotions for survival.
What happens if the Basil Nuclei is
malfunctioning?
• Huntington’s Disease: Unable to
control muscle movement, have
jerky movements. May be too
much dopamine.
• Parkinson’s Disease: Trouble
starting muscle movement due to a
lack of dopamine.
What causes Addiction
• .
Addiction Labs and Videos
Anxiety
Attacks
Alcohols
Effect
What are some major brain
dysfunctions?
• Traumatic Brain injuries
• Concussions= Dizzy, loss of short
term memory
• Contusions: Tissue destruction and
comma
Brain Trauma
More Brain Problems
• Strokes or CUAs: 3rd leading cause of
death, damage can be reversed if an
ischemic stroke is treated in the first 24 hrs
with t-PA.
Normal blood flow
Thrombosis
Artery
Blood supply
Blood clot
Various brain
DNP
Oxygen
starved
brain
tissue
Alzheimer's Disease: Deeping sulci and
and seperated gyri. Causing memory
loss, dementia, sometimes aggression
Hydrocephalus: Note the marked dilation of
the cerebral ventricles. It can be due to lack of
absorption of CSF or due to an obstruction to
flow of CSF. High mortality rate.
Minor Problem: Dyslexia
• Caused when the blood vessels of the
brain form abnormally. Can cause
reading and other reversal problems.
Cortical layer
I
II
III
Blood vessel
IV
V
Neuron
VI
What do other neurons do?
• Mirror Neurons in the Brain
PBS Special: 2005
14 minutes
On Mirror Neurons