Transcript The Brain & Cerebral Hemispheres

The Brain
_______
___________
______________
___________
___________
Areas of the brain
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The brain is composed of ___________
Hemispheres, ________ and ________
_________
____________
_____________
medulla
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Controls ______ including _______, and _________ rate
Impulse transmitted from medulla via __________ or
__________ branch of __________ nervous system.
_________
_____________
____________
cerebellum
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Co-ordination of ________, ____ and
________
__________
_________
cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres
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Highly Folded and so has a large _______.
Patients with injuries to specific parts of the
brain can be studied to see how their
______ are altered.
____________
____________
_________
cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres
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Different parts of the brain can be
_____________ to see which ______ in the
body respond
Conversely different parts of the body can be
stimulated to see which parts of the brain
show ______________.
More recently _____ (magnetic resonance
imaging) has been used in brain study
Areas of the cerebrum
C
om
plexm
ov
em
ent
m
otorarea
H
igherfunc
tions
as
s
oc
iationarea
S
peec
h
M
ain M
ain
m
otor s
ens
ory
area area
P
roprioc
ep
The Areas can be split into 3
groups
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__________ Areas
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_______ Areas
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___________ Areas
___________
___________
__________
________
for impulses
from ______
cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres
•________ of the cerebral hemispheres receive impulses from
_____ organs and transmit them to the ____________ areas
•The _______ areas of the cerebral hemispheres receive
_______ - _______ them in the light of similar past experiences
and transmit impulses to _____ areas
•The motor areas transmit impulses to the _______
•The size of the ______ and ______ areas is related to the
number of __________ in that area
•The left and right cerebral hemispheres control the _________
sides of the body
h
ip
legs
foot
toes
genitalia
thu m
b
leg
s
h and
finge
rs
e
y
e ose
n
e
c
a
f
s
lip
ankle
toes
should er
hip
k
t run
t ru nk
shoulder
elb ow
fo re ar
wrist m
Mapping of the sensory &
motor areas to the body
Sensory & Motor Maps
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The maps show that regions of the body with many
sensory (or _______) neurons have corresponding
large areas of the _______ linked to them.
So for example the _____ occupy a larger region of
the _______ than the ______, because there are
more ______ neurons in the lips.
Association Areas
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Are used to compare ________ with previous
_______, and make ___________
These areas are involved in _______, _________
and ________ retrieval
The ____________ are large in humans and it is
thought that they responsible for higher functions
like ____________, ________ & ___________.
Speech
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The ________ of the brain
Patients with ______ problems gave 1st clues about
how the brain controls language
1981 Dr Paul Broca described a patient who could
only say the word “tan”.
When the patient died Broca examined the brain
and found damage to the ____________________
This part of the brain is now know as _______ area
Broca’s Area
__________
Wernicke’s Area
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In 1967 ______________ noticed damage to
another region of the cortex.
_______ area is connected to ______ area by a
bundle of nerve fibres.
If this was damaged the patient can understand
________ but cannot ________ words.
So ________ area is concerned with understanding
________. ______ area is concerned with
controlling the ______ that produce ______
Wernicke’s Area
____________
Visual Processing
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The __________ area is at the back of the brain &
receives _______ input from the ______ nerves
The 2 _______ see slightly different images from
the opposite of the _______, and differences can
be used to judge ___________
Optic Chiasma
Summary
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________ – receive input from receptors
___________ – Origin of impulses which
bring about voluntary movements
These receive/transmit impulses from the
_______ side of the body
___________ – interpret _______
information in the light of ____________
A close shave