Transcript Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System
Part 1
Glial Cells and CSF
Brainstem, Cerebellum and
Diencephalon
Fig. 49-6a
Glial Cell Types: Most of the brain is made up of cells that support
the nervous tissue
CNS
VENTRICLE
Ependymal
cell
PNS
Neuron
Astrocyte
Oligodendrocyte
Schwann cells
Microglial
cell
Capillary
(a) Glia in vertebrates
_________________________ produces myelin sheath
_________________________: maintains environment for nerve impulses,
blood brain barrier, provides nutrients, picks up excess NT
________________________: WBC of the brain
________________________: lines ventricles and makes CSF
Protection: Skull, Meninges and CSF:
~ 150 mL CSF in ventricles and
subarachnoid space
• ______________________
• ______________________
• ______________________
• CSF Circulation: lateral >
interventricular foramen >
3rd > cerebral aqueduct >
4th
• Superior sagital sinus and
arachnoid villi
• Capillaries are different:
_______________________
_______________________
__________________:
specialized capillary
network projecting from
the _______________
into the ventricles of the
brain forming cerebral
spinal fluid (70% of CSF)
99% water, (glucose, aa,
salt, less density and
protein than plasma)
Fig. 49-9c
Cerebrum (includes cerebral cortex, white matter,
basal nuclei)
Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)
Midbrain (part of brainstem)
Pons (part of brainstem), cerebellum
Medulla oblongata (part of brainstem)
Diencephalon:
Cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Pineal gland
(part of epithalamus)
Brainstem:
Midbrain
Pons
Pituitary
gland
Medulla
oblongata
Spinal cord
Cerebellum
Central canal
(c) Adult
BRAINSTEM: ____________, _______________,____________
___________________________; w/ pyramidal tracts,
• * CV & Vasomotor center VITAL CENTERS
•top of the spine, two bulges of white matter = pyramids (pyramid
tracts)
•All ascending sensory and descending motor tracts
VITAL CENTERS (CV and Vasomotor center)
Cardiovascular center (rate/force of heart) diameter =
_______________
Respiratory center: adjust basic rhythm of breathing
Reflex: vomit, cough, sneeze, swallow
Reticular formation: gray matter from spine to thalamus
Keeps _______________________________________
Reflex centers:
____________________________________________
12 pairs of cranial nerves
_______ w/ Reticular formation is a relay pathway between
the motor cortex and the cerebellum also functions as
a *pneumotaxic center *houses cranial nerves: trigeminal,
abducens, and facial.
Respiration center
Reflex w cranial nerves 5-8, eye, chewing, facial expression,
taste, equilibrium
_________________
w/ cerebral peduncles
___________________:
Righting reflexes
Superior colliculi: visual
reflex center
Inferior colliculi: auditory
reflex center
______________________:
pigmented neurons in motor fxn
and produces the precursor for
the neurotransmitter
______________
__________________
(pink)important for acting as a
relay between motor cortex
and muscles of the limbs for
limb flexion;
III. CEREBELLUM
______________: coordination of skeletal muscle movements
Some cognitive function in predicting motor movements
Fine coordination: 3 main functions
____________________________________
____________________________________
Flocculonodular lobe= _________________________
Hemispheres separated by falx cerebelli
Cerebellar cortex – gray
But mainly white matter underneath : __________
30 million purkinje cells in cerebellar cortex integrate info
motor activity to keep informed about ____________________
axons carry info to nuclei for relay to brainstem
DIENCEPHALON
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Mammillary bodies
Epithalamus
Choroid plexus
Reticular formation
RAS
________________
: all sensory except
smell to the
cerebrum
expresses emotions
with hypothalamus
cognition:
awareness and
acquisition of
knowledge
Hypothalamus w/ VITAL
CENTERS:
•maintain and regulate
_____________________
•sleep and wake patterns
controls __________________
•link the endocrine and
nervous systems
•secretes variety of hormones
that regulate pituitary
secretes __________ and
______________________
•__________________ (thirst)
•__________________
•__________________
•sexual behavior and
emotional aspect of sensory
Pituitary gland:
____________________
of the body secretes:
• ____________:
secretes oxytocin and
antidiuretic hormone;
anterior lobe:
•ACTH affects adrenal
cortex; TSH affect thyroid
and thyroxin; FSH,LH
affects ovary and testes;
•____________ affects
mammary glands;
_______ for bone
growth;
_____________
____________:
activate feeding
reflexes such as
swallowing and
licking the lips and
may be involved in
relaying olfactory
messages
_______________________
pineal gland: produces
__________________
___________
__________________________________________ nuclei axons connect
hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum and spinal cord to send sensory
information to keep the cortex alert and conscious ALSO acts as a filter for
sensory input to the cortex…filters out 99% of sensory input as
unimportant. Has to be inhibited in order to sleep