Transcript Internal Brain Structures

Internal Brain Structures
Unit 2
Lesson 4
Objectives
Identify organization, function, and location
of major brain structures.
Explain how damage would impact
function.
Review
 Neurons
 Nervous System
 Cerebral Cortex
2 halves
4 lobes each side
Review Cont…
 Which hemisphere?
 Which lobe?
 Right side of body?
 Reasoning, movement?
 Creativity, art & music?
 Vision?
 Following directions?
 Sensory info?
 Talking and writing?
 Hearing and memory?
 Left side of body?
 Picking people out of a
crowd?
 Communication between
halves?
 When damaged/severed?
Internal Structures of Brain
 Begins as a tube of
tissue
 Brain organized into
three main parts:
Hindbrain
Midbrain
Forebrain
Hindbrain
Hindbrain
 Pons
 Brainstem
 Where spinal cord meets
brain; includes following
structures:
 Medulla (Oblongata)
 Regulates vital functions
 rate, blood flow,
respiration
 Role in sleep, sneezing,
coughing, vomiting
 Transmits info about body
movement
 Role in attention, sleep,
respiration
 Reticular Activating System
(RAS)…
 EEG arousal
 Sleep/wake cycle
(midbrain)
 Cerebellum
 “Little Brain”
 Balance, posture, muscle
coordination
Midbrain- A Bit Player
 Control of eye
movement
 Involuntary muscle
tone
 RAS…sleep/wake
cycle
Forebrain
Forebrain
 Limbic System
 Thalamus
 Relays incoming sensory info
to the cortex
 Hypothalamus
 Control ANS and endocrine
system
 Maintains homeostasis
 Sets drives (thirst, hunger,
desire)
 Pituitary Gland
 Master Gland…more later
 Emotional expression…
 Hippocampus- long-term
memory , learning
 Amygdala- attach emotion to
event, mediates aggressive
behavior
 Cerebrum
 80% of forebrain
 Divided into 2 hemispheres,
connected by corpus
callosum, and 4 lobes
 Responsible for higher mental
functions (ex: thought)
 Covered by cerebral cortex
Brain Activities:
Match the structure to its function as a
review.
Use your book to guess what could
happen if each area is damaged.
The Minds of Girls
 Larger corpus callosum- Leads to more cross talk between
hemispheres.
 Stronger neural connections- Leads to better listening skill, more
richly detailed memory
 Larger hippocampus- Increases girls learning advantage esp. in
language arts.
 Prefrontal cortex is more active- making them less impulsive.
The Minds Of Boys
 Have more cortical areas dedicated to spatial-mechanical
functioning- Makes boys want to move around, throw and object
 Less serotonin and oxytocin- Makes boys more impulsive.
 Boys lateralize brain activity- Boys compartmentalize learning.
Less multitasking.
Closure
What are the three main parts of the
brain?