Transcript The BRAIN: Our Control Center

The BRAIN:
Our Control Center
Optic nerve
Optic chiasm
Optic tract
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Optic radiation
Primary visual cortex
Forebrain-Midbrain-Hindbrain
3 Divisions of the
BRAIN
( see transparency)
Hindbrain
Midbrain
Forebrain
LOCALIZTION FUNCTION
All
parts of the
brain have
tasks they are
responsible for
performing.
HINDBRAIN
 Medulla:
responsible for
automatic functions such as
breathing & heart rate.
 Pons:
involved in attention,
sleeping, waking, & dreaming.
HINDBRAIN
“lesser brain”
regulates movement,
balance/ coordination, &
simple reflexes
 Cerebellum:
MIDBRAIN
 Reticular
Activating
System: dense network of
neurons that screens
incoming information;
allows us to be
conscious/alert; drugs
reduce activity
Forebrain
“inner
chamber" relays
sensory
messages to the
cerebral cortex
except for the
sense of smell
 Thalamus:
Forebrain
“under”
involved in emotions
and drives such as fear,
hunger, thirst, sex,
aggression, caring for
off spring- problems
here lead to unusual
eating & drinking
 Hypothalamus:
Forebrain
 Pituitary
Gland: releases
hormones and regulates
endocrine glands.
 Limbic System: a group of
brain areas involved in
emotional reactions and
motivated behavior
PARTS OF LIMBIC
SYSTEM
Amygdala:
regulates
emotion; very active when
depressed or anxious
Hippocampus: “sea
horse” stores new
information in memory
Hippocampus
The Brain: Our Universe Within
Memory & Renewal
Directions: While viewing the video clip, respond to the following questions below.
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1. What part of the brain is involved in memory?
2. How do the limbic system & “sea horse” work
together to form memories?
3. What part of Jeremy’s memory is lost? What part
of Jeremy’s memory remains?
4. What role does the cortex play in memory?
5. Why can Jeremy remember how to perform skills?
Forebrain
Cortex: “bark” thin
layer covering the
cerebrum; very wrinkled,
deep crevasses, higher
level functioning, 3 mm
thick & contains 2/3 of the
brains cells
 Cerebral
Corpus Callosum
Bundle
of
nerve fibers
connecting the
two
hemispheres
LOBES of the Cortex
4
lobes per hemi
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
Lobes
Responsibilities:
Various
senses and
motor behaviors
Occipital Lobes
“in
back of
the head”
Contain
visual
cortex
 “Pertaining
to
walls”
 Top of brain
 Receive info on
pressure, pain,
touch, &
temperature in the
somatosensory
cortex
Parietal Lobes
 “pertaining
to the
Temporal Lobes
temple”
 Above ears
 Memory,
perception,
emotion, sound
processing
 Wernicke’s Area of
language
comprehension
 Under
skull in
forehead
Frontal Lobes
 Contains motor
cortex which
orders 600body
muscles
 Broca’s Area of
speech
production
Association Areas
 Areas
responsible for shaping
information into meaning
wholes.
Example: area in frontal lobe
near the forehead is also
known as the “executive
area” responsible for problem
solving and decision making