Transcript Document

WHAT IS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?
A system made up of nerve cells and fibers, where your brain sends signals to specific parts
of the body, and receives information about what is happening in the body.
Controls all involuntary movement.
 Heart pumping
 Breathing
 Digestion of food
Controls all voluntary (by choice) movement.
 Running
 Talking
 Grabbing an object
ORGANS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Central Nervous
System
Brain
Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous
System
Nerves
Somatic and Autonomic
Nervous System
CNS- BRAIN
Cerebrum: controls all voluntary muscles;
analytical thinking (left); abstract
thinking (right).
Cerebellum: balance, movement, and
coordination.
Brain stem: controls involuntary muscles;
in charge of functions needed to stay
alive; connects brain to spinal cord;
sorts messages between brain and
body.
Pituitary Gland: all hormones
produced/released through this
gland (puberty, growth, etc); helps
keep metabolism going.
Hypothalamus: controls body
temperature (98.6 degrees).
Cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Pituitary Gland
Brain
Stem
CNS- SPINAL CORD
•
Long bundle of nerves protected by spinal column and
vertebraes.
•
Lets messages travel between the brain and the body.
Nerves assembled into tracts
Ascending Tracts: carries sensory info from body to brain
 Touch, skin temp, pain, etc.
 Sensory Neurons
Descending Tracts: carry info downwards from brain to body
 Movement
 Motor Neurons
Spinal nerves carry to and from different levels of spinal cord
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar & Sacral
PNS- NERVES
Nerves branch out from
brain and spinal cord.
PNS connections with
organs and structures of
the body are made
through cranial and
spinal nerves.
Cranial Nerves
12 pairs from bottom of brain
 Smell, vision, hearing, balance (3)
 Motor functions (5)
 Assist with movement (4)
Head, neck, and facial area
Spinal Nerves
31 pairs from side of spinal cord
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
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8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal (tailbone)
PNS- SOMATIC & AUTONOMIC
Autonomic
Somatic
 Sends sensory info to Central
 Nervous System
 Sends messages to motor nerve fibers
(muscles moving body)
• Regulates heart, stomach, and intestines
• Involuntary
1.
Sympathetic

“Fight or Flight”

Uses energy (blood pressure, heart beat, etc.)

Thoratic & Lumbar
2.
Parasympathetic

“Rest and Digest”

Saves energy (blood pressure, heart beat, etc.)

Sacral
3.
Enteric

Controls normal digestive activity

Body reacting to nervousness, etc.
 Voluntary
PARASYMPATHETIC VS. SYMPATHETIC
Multiple Sclerosis
DISEASES
Degenerative disease that affects myelin
sheath and conduction pathways between
brain and spinal cord.

Causes of MS:
•
Abnormal response of body’s immune system to
myelin
•
Environmental factors such as viral infection
•
Inflammation

Symptoms of MS:
•
Damage to neurons
•
Muscle symptoms
•
Eye symptoms
•
Etc.
Alzheimer's
The loss of brain functions that allows
the subject’s brain to deteriorate
over time.

Causes:
•
Dementia
•
Genetic lineage
•
Previous head trauma
•
Early life experiences
•
Dietary habits (high cholesterol, etc.)
 Progressive & irreversible
 Symptoms:
•
•
•
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Memory loss
Atrophy of brain
Language
Emotional behavior
DISEASES
FUN HEALTH FACTS
•
•
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If all the neurons in a
person’s body were
lined up, it would
stretch 600 miles
long.
There are 100 billion
neurons in human
brain.
Eating seafood at
least once a week
lowers your chance of
dementia by at least
30%.
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•
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The brain is the
fattest organ in
human body;
contains 60% fat.
Right side of brain
controls left side of
body & left side of
brain controls right
side of body.
You can’t tickle
yourself.
SOURCES CITED
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nsdivide.html
http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/kinser/Structure1.html
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/spinal.html
http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=335&np=152&id
=2612
http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/alzheimer.htm
http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/multiple_sclerosis.htm