Transcript Chp 6 Part 1 notes

WORLD WAR II
WORLD WAR II
WWI
8.5 million
dead
WWII 45 million
dead
THE WAR IN EUROPE
 Germany after WWI
 Europe engulfed in war
GERMANY AFTER WWI
 Defeat of the Central Powers by
the Allies
 Treaty of Versailles was signed by
both parties
 Germany had to pay a large sum of
money to the Allies for damage
caused in WWI
RISE OF GERMANY
 Germany after WWI
 Blamed for WWI
 Very small army and navy allowed
 War Reparations - paid large sums of
money for the damage they caused
 Lost its colonies and overseas
possessions
 New German govt faced many problems
 Great hardship for Germans
RISE OF GERMANY
 Adolf Hitler

Under these conditions
arose a leader
 Known for his courage and
bravery
 Formed the Nazi Party
 National Socialist German
Workers’ Party
 Planned to make Germany
rich and powerful again
HITLER IN WWII
ADOLF HITLER
RISE OF ITALY
 Mussolini
 While Hitler was building Germany, the
same was happening in Italy
 Established a dictatorship in Italy
 Fascist Party was the only Party
 Secret Police arrested opposition
 Use of propaganda
 Public programmes
 Ambitious plans for Italy
MUSSOLINI & HITLER
HITLER & NAZI GERMANY
Austria
Czechoslovakia
Poland
Denmark, Norway,
Holland, Belgium and
France
BRITAIN
By 1940, Britain was the only Allied
country left in Europe to fight the
Germans
Unable to conquer Britain, Hitler
turned to attack the Soviet Union
Soviet Union, Britain became allies
against the Axis Powers
THE WAR IN ASIA-PACIFIC
 Why Japan went to war





The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour
Sweeping into Southeast Asia
The Battle for Malaya
Fall of the “Impregnable” Fortress
Reasons for the defeat of the British
WHY JAPAN WENT TO WAR
 Rising Ambitions
 1894 : Attacked China; lost Taiwan and
Korea
 1904 : Defeated Russia; shocked the
West
 WWI : Joined Allies
 1931 : Great Depression
 As a result, Japan invaded Manchuria
 1937 : Attacked China
WHY JAPAN WENT TO WAR
 Rising Ambitions
 War with China dragged on
 Countries like the US stopped selling
certain items like airplanes and oil
products to Japan
 Japan turned its attention to SEA
 Rich in tin, oil, timber and rubber
 War machinery
 Japan’s calculation
WHY JAPAN WENT TO WAR
 Rising Ambitions
 1941 - Invaded Indo-china for use as a
base to launch its other invasions
 US protested and when Japan did
nothing, the world reacted strongly
 More war materials such as iron,
ammunition and oil were cut off from
Japan
 Note that US was not involved in the
war at this time
PEARL HARBOUR
 US wanted Japan to withdraw
from Indo-china and China
 Pacific Naval Fleet
 A display of US military might
 7 Dec 1941 - Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbour
 Simultaneous invasion of Malaya
PEARL HARBOUR
JAPAN IN S. E. ASIA
Thailand
Malaya
Singapore
Philippines
Dutch East Indies
Borneo, Sumatra & other islands
British Burma
JAPANESE INVASION OF MALAYA
War in the air
War in the sea
War on land
Sinking of Prince of Wales
and Repulse
JAPANESE ZERO FIGHTER
JAPANESE ZERO FIGHTER
REPULSE & PRINCE OF WALES
30 Nov 1941
“X-day December 8. Proceed with plan.”
Lt-Gen Yamashita planned his campaign with the
aid of crude school atlases, marking with
pencilled crosses, the approximate positions of
airfields.
“MATADOR” - Britain’s secret plan
DEFEAT OF BRITISH IN MALAYA
1. Sinking of the PRINCE OF WALES/REPULSE
2. Battle for North Malaya – Kedah, Penang and
Ipoh
3. Battle for Central Malaya – Slim River
4. Battle for Johore – Jemaluang, blowing up of
part of the Causeway
5. Retreat to Singapore
JAPANESE
INVASION OF
MALAYA
8 Dec 1941
KOTA BAHRU
JITRA
PENANG
IPOH
15-16 Dec 41
SLIM RIVER
KUANTAN
MAJOR BATTLES
KL
GEMAS
JEMALUANG
KLUANG
MUAR
JOHOR BAHRU / 31 Jan 42
AIR
SEA
EQUIPMENT
MOBILITY
British planes
were old and
outdated
The prince of Wales and the
Repulse were destroyed by
the Japanese
Japanese tanks were
better than British
tanks
The Japanese
troops were more
mobile - bicycles
DEFEAT OF BRITISH IN MALAYA
TRAINING
PLANNING
British soldiers
were wrongly
trained in jungle
warfare
The British left too
much valuable
supplies for the
Japanese
WAR IN
EUROPE
Britain was involved
in the war in Europe.
Japan was not.
DEFENCE
Lack of
adequate
defence
prepararations
COMPLACENCY
The British
looked down
on the
Japanese