Transcript Second Attempt: 1942-43

History 11 WWII
• Review: Last Class we finished WWI.
• Assignments you were asked to draw 2
maps: First map is Europe before WWI.
The second map is Europe after WWI
• And a 2 page paper on how the great
depression leads to WWII
Example of Map 1
Example of Map 2
American Depression
• We already did a two page paper on what
led to the great depression. Here is the
review:
American Economy in the 1920s
• United States was world’s leading
economic power
• because of WWI, farms & factories
supplied world
– fed & supplied Allied soldiers
American Economy in the 1920s
• value of stocks skyrocketed around
400%
• new products for the common man
– automobiles
– radios
– vacuum cleaners
– washers
Hidden Problems
• wealth distribution
– richest 1% of population earned 19% of nation’s
income
– top 200 companies held more than 50% of
corporate wealth
• credit
– borrow money to pay for items and promise to pay
back that money
October 29, 1929
• Black Tuesday
– spending slowed
– nervous investors sold their stocks
• feared stock prices would drop because
products were bought as often
• Great Depression: severe downturn in
American economy following 1929 stock
market crash
It’s a wonderful life
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbwjS9i
J2Sw
Outcomes of Crash
• investors = ruined
• banks = in trouble
– loans to ruined investors or companies who saw
decreased spending couldn’t be paid
• people = in trouble
– money invested in bank wasn’t insured
Businesses
Investors
lost money when stock
market crashed & businesses
went bankrupt
Banks
lost money when
people/investors & businesses
couldn’t repay credit/loans
lost money when people
bought less goods &
investors stopped
investing
People
lost money when banks
closed & when lost jobs
http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=qu2uJWS
Zkck
Depression Spreads
• 1933  1 of every 4 workers out of jobs
– fewer people could buy food/goods from
market, hurting economy even more
• bank failure
– lost money when loans went unpaid
• no insurance for customers
ADD TO TERMS!!!
• Hoovervilles: collection of huts & shacks
as at the edge of a city, housing the
unemployed during the 1930s
American Depression
• New Deal
– created jobs
– spent more money on welfare & other relief
– regulated banking & stock market
• Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (1930)
– heavy taxes on goods imported into US
– encouraged buying American goods
Great Britain
• late 1920s  still paying back debts to US
• had high interest rates, causing spending to
decrease & unemployment
• industrial areas were more affected
• unemployment = 2.5M by end of 1930
Great Britain
• 1926  workers upset
– general strike: strike involving all or a large
number of a nation’s workers
• Parliament passed Trade Disputes Act
(1927)
– made general strikes illegal
France
• WWI destroyed farmland, forests, villages,
& cities and casualties were numerous
• Half of males 18-32 were killed during war
• government = bankrupt after war
• factories, railways, & canals couldn’t be
rebuilt
France
• unemployment = high
– led to civil unrest
• initial impact of Great Depression got worse
http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=WI1i5yh
wOz8&feature=player_
embedded
Germany
• paying back reparations for WWI
– as Treaty of Versailles ordered
• faced severe inflation
– money was practically worthless
INFLATION!!
• If you print more money than the amount of
gold you have, the money becomes less
valuable
• Hyperinflation
– government prints more money  businesses raise
prices  government prints more money 
businesses raise prices  etc.
– eventually money becomes worthless
Quiz
1. What day did the stock Market crash in the
US?
2. What is Inflation?
3. What is a Hooverville?
4. What name did they give the legislation
that tried to help those hurt by the
depression?
5. What is Hyperinflation?
Inter War Period: Leaders
• Today we are going to get to know the
different leaders that took power in the
various countries: We will cover Stalin &
Mussolini First
• Stalin
• Mussolini
• Hitler
• Hirohito
• Aggressive leaders in Europe came to power
during the interwar years. Stalin became the
leader of the Soviet Union when Vladimir
Lenin died in 1924 and Mussolini came to
power in Italy in 1922 by forcing the king to
appoint him prime minister. These leaders
came to power at a time when their countries
were in turmoil, having just finished WWI not
more than five years prior. For much of
history, when a country is having problems, it
is more susceptible to have a change in
government with a strong leader.
Stalin--Communist, worked his way up to his
leadership position, modernized the Soviet
economy with 5 Year Plans
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4A1Fu
PyzvQ&feature=related
Mussolini--socialist at first, then switched to
fascist; he forced the king to appoint him prime
minister, and he was a very violent person.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJ13Dtg
Om-Q
Both Stalin and Mussolini were totalitarianists,
controlling all aspects of their people's lives,
and both had certain ways of making sure they
remained in power (Stalin killed his opponents
and Mussolini rigged elections)
With such bad leaders:
• Why didn’t the people do anything about all
the killings?
• Why did they let it happen?
Hitler: socialist, attempted to overthrow the
Weimar Republic in 1923, anti-Semitic.
What Hitler shared with Mussolini: both used
propaganda and youth organizations to
promote their ideas in their countries. What
Hitler shared with Stalin: both were supported
by the people of their countries as political
leaders and both "got rid" of their political
opponents (Hitler arrested/intimidated, Stalin
killed). What all three shared:
TOTALITARIANISM!!!
Assignment
• Complete the Venn Diagram worksheet.
Timeline of Events
• List 25 Events in a timeline that describes
Hitler’s rise to power and what he does
while in power.
• Include the date and a summary of each
event.
Hirohito or Emperor Shōwa
• Upon the death of his grandfather, Emperor
Meiji, on July 30, 1912, Hirohito's father,
Yoshihito succeeded him on the throne, he
thus became the heir apparent.
• He would take over after his father.
Japan Entering WWII
• Prior to World War II, Japan invaded
Manchuria in 1931 and the rest of China in
1937. They did not care much about Chine
Japan really wanted to access the Soviet
Union in the North.
• WHY Did Japan invade? The nationalist in
the country wanted to show their greatness
Japan Becomes an Axis Power
• During World War II, ostensibly under
Hirohito's leadership, Japan formed
alliances with Nazi Germany and Fascist
Italy, forming the Axis Powers.
HITLER TIMELINE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y7I4MThZWA
*Turn in Your Hitler timeline
• Last class we learned about how Hitler
came to power.
• What did you guys think?
• Most people treated him as a hero.
• What did Hitler do that made the people see
him as a great savior? Even Time Magazine
named him “Man of the Year”
Vocabulary
• Take 10-15 to work on these next
vocabulary words.
• Add them to the rest of the words we have
done. They will be on the final.
Solomon Asch Study
• In 1958 this famous psychological study
was done to test conformity.
• Conformity: action in accord with
prevailing social standards, attitudes,
practices.
• A test to determine if people will just go
along with the crowd even if they don’t
agree.
• Study
• You sign up for a psychology experiment,
and on a specified date you and seven
others whom you think are also subjects
arrive and are seated at a table in a small
room. You don't know it at the time, but the
others are actually associates of the
experimenter, and their behavior has been
carefully scripted. You're the only real
subject.
• The experimenter arrives and tells you that
the study in which you are about to
participate concerns people's visual
judgments. She places two cards before
you. The card on the left contains one
vertical line. The card on the right displays
three lines of varying length.
• What line on the right matches the line on
the left?
Example
• As you can see, the task is simple, and the
correct answer is obvious. Asch asked the
students to give their answers aloud. He
repeated the procedure with 18 sets of bars.
Asch arranged for the real subject to be the
next-to-the-last person in each group to
announce his answer so that he would hear
most of the confederates incorrect responses
before giving his own.
• What would you do? Would
you go along with the majority
opinion, or would you "stick to
your guns" and trust your own
eyes?
• What do you thin the results
showed?
• To Asch's surprise, 37 of the 50 subjects
conformed themselves to the 'obviously
erroneous' answers given by the other group
members at least once, and 14 of them
conformed on more than 6 of the 'staged'
trials. When faced with a unanimous wrong
answer by the other group members, the
mean subject conformed on 4 of the 'staged'
trials.
Picture from the real study
What is the point?
• Asch was disturbed by these results: "The
tendency to conformity in our society is so
strong that reasonably intelligent and wellmeaning young people are willing to call
white black.
Conformity
• We will come back to conformity, but I
bring this up because we are going to do an
activity and I want you to have your own
opinions.
• Don’t always be so easily influenced.
Should there be limits on
personal Freedom?
• As teenagers, most of you have a good deal
of experience with limits on personal
freedoms. Your parents, teachers, and
maybe your boss all have rules you need to
keep.
• Your personal freedom is limited
• Often the Government limits our personal
freedoms
• Should they be able to?
Activity
• As I call out a restriction that limits
personal freedom “Take a Stand” go to the
number in the room that best reflects the
appropriateness of that restriction.
• Should people be restricted in that way?
• Numbers 1 through 10
• 1 being very appropriate. There should be
restrictions.
• 10 being very inappropriate.
Justification
• As you score each restriction. Write down 1
or 2 sentences that justifies your reasoning.
After you write it down discuss it with the
other kids in your group, If there is anyone.
Curfew
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Piercings
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Dress Code
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Drivers License
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Verbalizing Opinions
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Gun Ownership
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Messy Yard
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Drugs
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Media
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Religion
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Internet
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Fighting
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Learning
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Friendships
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Alcohol
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Tattoos
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Cell Phones
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Have Children
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Discrimination
1 Very Appropriate 10 Very
Inappropriate
Lets Discuss each one
• Why would you need to restrict people?
• What should decide a restriction?
How Many of These things did
the WWII leaders take away?
• How many of the freedoms we talked about
in the TAKE A STAND activity did they
control during the war?
Within the first few weeks of
Hitler being Chancellor he took:
• Freedom of the Press
• Freedom of expression
• Freedom of assembly
Parallel Leaders
• Throughout the world we had these terrible
leaders exerting their influence on the
people at the same time. They successful
guided their economies, but each had issues
with human rights. These leaders massacred
many people.
• Lets Walk through each leader.
Mussolini attacks Ethiopia
A people who could not defend
themselves
Stalin was responsible for no fewer
than 15 million deaths some
estimates upwards 80 million
Hitler tried to ensure the pure
Arian race and killed millions in
the concentration camps
With all of these Human Rights
violations what should be done?
• Should some countries interfere when there
are countries that are letting people be
mistreated terribly?
• Who decides what condones interference?
• If that is what the UN does how have they
done so far?
• On the same paper as the activity write a
journal expressing your feelings about these
questions?
Violations of the Treaty of
Versailles
• 1st thing: Right when Hitler became
Chancellor he started to rebuild the military.
• The Nazi party was a military party.
• This was forbidden by the treaty.
• Hitler starts doing this in 1933.
nd
2
Treaty Violation
• In 1935 Germany started to build
submarines again. They were allowed to do
this by the British.
• They claimed it was necessary to help
defend against the spread of communism.
rd
3
Violation of the Treaty
• Hitler sent troops to the Rhineland. The
land that borders between France and
Germany. The Rhineland was a very
contested area. Good farming.
• He claimed this was in reaction to a FrenchSoviet agreement.
• Complaints but no action taken to prevent.
th
4
step
• Hitler takes Austria. He knew his opponents
in Europe hoped to avoid war.
• March 1938, marched into the country
without opposition (began to demand
officials to let him annex it in early 1938)
• Europe supported the annexation, especially
when realized Hitler would take it by force
anyway.
Axis Aggression:_
War Begins_
Lightning Attacks_
• September 1, 1939
-Germany attacked Poland
-new tactic: blitzkrieg
-air attack to damage defenses
-fast-moving tanks & mobile
artillery attack
-foot soldiers clear out the rest
Poland_
• Polish air force = destroyed
• Polish soldiers = no match for Germans
• Polish landscape = no natural barriers to
slow the blitzkrieg
War on Poland
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfpg9un
h_Fs
Allied Response_
• Poland had support from Great Britain &
France
• September 3, 1939
-Great Britain & France declare
war on Germany
• Great Britain & France didn’t give much
help to Poland
Allied Response_
• collapse of Poland = fast
• little could be done to stop German
invasion
• German troops move to western border
• German leaders made plans for invading
Attack on France_
• spring, 1940
-Germans invaded Denmark &
Norway (lightly defended)
• May 1940 = northern France
-Germans go through Netherlands &
Belgium
-around Maginot Line
Attack on France_
• May 1940 = northeast France
-Germans attack Ardennes
-dense forest region near French/
Belgian border (undefended)
-Germans move northwest to coast
Dunkirk_
• Dunkirk = coastal town (northwest
France, near English Channel)
• German troops trapped hundreds of
thousands of Allied troops
• Allied military & civilian ships saved over
300,000  retreated to Great Britain
France_
• remaining Allied troops couldn’t stop
Germans from taking Paris
• June 22, 1940
-France surrendered to Germany
• Germany occupied France
• area under control of French officials
cooperating with Hitler = Vichy France
Germany Attacks France
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnS39cJ
IbDY
Battle of Britain
• Winston Churchill is the Prime Minister
• August-October 1940
-Germany sent thousands of aircraft to
attack
British targets
• Hitler’s plan = destroy Royal Air Force
(RAF) to make it possible to invade
-Germans failed
British Advantages
• British had new technology
-radar
• British air defenses = more effective than
other countries’
London Blitz
• September 1940
-German planes began bombing British
ports
& cities, including London
-Hitler attacked civilians = tried to break
the
will to fight; demoralize
-fires often worse than bombs
• 57 straight nights
• people took shelter in the Underground
(subway)
Evacuation of London
bombing continued, but British refused to
give in
• early 1941
-Hitler called off his plans to invade
Britain
• children evacuated to countryside/north
German Invasion
of the
Soviet Union
First Attempt: 1941
• June 1941
– Hitler broke non-aggression pact with Stalin
– 3 million German soldiers into Soviet Union
• Germans used blitzkrieg tactic (again)
– effective at first
First Attempt: 1941
• Red Army was no match for overwhelming
German forces
• Soviet Union did NOT collapse
– Germans failed to reach goals (Moscow,
Leningrad)
– Germans unprepared for Soviet winter
• Siege of Leningrad
– Winter, 1941-1942  Soviets starved to death
(at rate of 3K-4K people a DAY)
Second Attempt: 1942-43
• Spring 1942
– Hitler ordered new attack
– soldiers from Germany, Italy, Romania, &
Hungary
• Summer 1942
– large Axis force ready to take Stalingrad on
Volga River
Second Attempt: 1942-43
• Stalingrad
– grain, oil, etc. shipped from ports on the
Volga
• Battle of Stalingrad
– city bombed heavily (air, artillery attacks)
– civilians in Stalingrad were NOT evacuated
• Civilians weren’t evacuated because
1) Stalin wanted to save the city that was named
after him
2) Stalin felt the Soviet soldiers would fight harder
for a “live city” than for a “dead” one
Second Attempt: 1942-43
• Fall 1942
– Soviets regroup for a counterattack
– November 1942  Soviets broke through
Axis defenses
• Hitler did not allow Axis troops to retreat
– promised air support
– effort fell short of needed aid
Second Attempt: 1942-43
• January 1943
– Germans had no: ammunition, food, &
medicine
– Hitler did not allow Axis troops to retreat
– 90,000 “half-dead” Axis soldiers were
captured
Second Attempt: 1942-43
• Hitler was defeated
• Axis forces retreated
• Axis forces were losing in North Africa &
Italy
United States
• What are we doing in the US at the time?
• How are we involved in the war?
• Neutrality
Neutrality Acts
• 1935
– prohibited export of “arms, ammunition, &
implements of war” to foreign, warring nations
• 1937
– warring nations could get any item except arms
• 1939
– lifted arms embargo, putting all trade with
warring nations under terms of “cash-&-carry”
• any item could be sold as long as it was immediately
paid for
Lend-Lease
• United States would provide a country with
supplies needed to fight Germany
• the country would NOT have to pay the
United States back immediately
• United States contracted Lend-Lease
agreements with 30+ countries, worth $50B
• program was designed to allow America to
indirectly help defeat Germany
Pearl Harbor
• December 7, 1941
– hundreds of Japanese bombers & fighters
attacked naval base Pearl Harbor
– RESULTS
• 2,400 Americans dead
• nearly 200 aircraft destroyed
• all but 8 battleships were sunk/damaged
– December 8  US declares war on Japan
– December 11  Germany & Italy declare war
on US
Movie Scene
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e6h9h7
ky0E
Why were we attacked at Pearl
Harbor?
• September 1940. The U.S. placed an
embargo on Japan by prohibiting exports of
steel, scrap iron, and aviation fuel to Japan,
due to Japan's takeover of northern French
Indochina.
• Basically, Japan had the desire to control all
of China but the US and other countries
tried to prevent it.
Why we were attacked at Pearl
Harbor
• April 1941. The Japanese signed a
neutrality treaty with the Soviet Union to
help prevent an attack from that direction if
they were to go to war with Britain or the
U.S. while taking a bigger bite out of
Southeast Asia.
Oil Embargo
• June 1941 through the end of July 1941.
Japan occupied southern Indochina. Two
days later, the U.S., Britain, and the
Netherlands froze Japanese assets. This
prevented Japan from buying oil, which
would, in time, cripple its army and make
its navy and air force completely useless.
• Toward the end of 1941. With the Soviets
seemingly on the verge of defeat by the
Axis powers, Japan seized the opportunity
to try to take the oil resources of Southeast
Asia. Japan had two choices. Get the
embargo lifted or go to war.
Why were we attacked at Pearl
Harbor?
• LOCATION: Close to Japan. Easy target.
• RETALIATION: almost all of the
immediate forces were naval. Hence, they
decided to bomb pearl harbor, as it held the
majority of the American naval forces in the
pacific. By bombing the navy, they
managed to cripple any efforts at an attack
force following them immediately to
retaliate.
Quiz
1. What was the London Blitz
2. What technological advantage did the
British have that helped them know when
the Germans were coming?
3. What caused the most damage in London?
4. Why didn’t Stalin evacuate Stalingrad?
5. List the order of events from the Neutrality
Act to the Lend Lease?
After Pearl Harbor
• attack on Pearl Harbor = huge success for
Japan
• damage to US Navy’s Pacific Fleet
– took time to overcome
– limited American ability to strike back
Allies Fight Back
• Japanese advantages:
– navy ruled the seas after Pearl Harbor
– better equipped
– fighting closer to home
• Japan conquered many strategic islands/
territories in the Pacific:
• Singapore, Hong Kong, Burma
Military Strategies
• island hopping
– skipping over Japanese strongholds &
capturing weaker targets
– not always easy (ex: Battle of Guadalcanal)
• kamikazes
– Japanese pilots who loaded planes with
explosives & deliberately crashed into Allied
ships
Allies Fight Back
• General Douglas MacArthur
– April 1942, surrendered the Philippines
(American territory) to Japanese
• Bataan Death March
– 70,000 prisoners (American & Filipino
soldiers) forced to march to a prison camp
• 600 Americans & 10,000 Filipino prisoners died
Bataan Death March Clip
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPlfhV
Ew-7U
Battle of Midway
• June 1942  Midway was island in
middle of Pacific
– key American military base
• Japanese = more ships and aircraft carriers
• Americans = broken secret Japanese code
• Americans won because they knew when
and where the Japanese were going to attack
• Destroyed 4 carriers, only lost 1
War Ends in Europe
• Soviet Victories
- 1943  won Battle of Stalingrad
- end of 1943  advanced & pushed back
Germans
- early 1944  Siege of Leningrad ended
- January 1945  Soviets within 40 miles
of Berlin
War Ends in Europe
• D-Day
- invasion required two things:
1) attack from sea
2) attack directly against strong
German
positions
- June 6, 1944  Allied forces invaded
France at Normandy & triumphed
- Allies quickly re-conquered France
D-Day Invasion Clip
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPU4p7
UQOtU
War Ends in Europe
• Battle of the Bulge
- December 1944  massive German
counterattack
in Belgium
- January 1945  Allies crushed German
counterattack
- Allies closed in on Germans from east &
west
War Ends in Europe
• Germans surrender
– late April 1945  Soviets surrounded Berlin
– May 7, 1945  Germany surrendered
– V-E Day = Victory in Europe Day
War Ends in the Pacific
• Final Battles
- American forces regularly bombed
Japanese cities
-pilots had to travel long distances to
targets = risky
- Battle of Iwo Jima  Japanese island
conquered by American forces
- Battle of Okinawa  another Japanese
island conquered by American forces
War Ends in the Pacific
• Atomic Bomb
- Japanese soldiers would fight to the death
• invasion of Japan would be too costly
- May 1945  Harry Truman became President
• made decision to use atomic bomb
- July 1945  Allies demanded surrender from
Japan
- atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima &
Nagasaki
• Bombs dropped in August 1945
70,000 people died instantly in Hiroshima; 75,000 in
Nagasaki
What Happened to Hitler?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6p92hZ1
ye8A
The Postwar World
Military Dead
China
Military Wounded
Civilian Dead
1,310,000
1,753,000
1,000,000+
France
213,000
4,000,000
350,000
Great Britain
264,000
277,000
93,000
Soviet Union
11,000,000
unknown
7,000,000+
United States
292,000
672,000
6,000
3,500,000
5,000,000
780,000
242,000
66,000
153,000
1,300,000
4,000,000
672,000
Germany
Japan
Italy
The Postwar World
• millions of people died
- heaviest losses in Eastern Europe
• physical devastation
- cities, villages, farms = destroyed
- economies near collapse
– Former prisoners of war & Holocaust survivors;
also people who had been forced out when
national borders changed after the war
– Ex: Polish Jews who survived went home &
found that their homes/property had been taken
(some where killed by hostile neighbors)
Holocaust
• How did Hitler get the people to join.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASW3U
Cc17AI&bpctr=1365723947
Anti-Semitism
• Definition
• hostility or prejudice towards Jews
• History
• existed since Middle Ages
• widespread in Christian Europe
Anti-Semitism
• Nazi Germany
• changed from hatred based on religion to
hatred based on race
• Hitler’s “Aryan” Master Race
• non-Jewish Caucasian, especially with
blonde hair & blue eyes
“Final Solution”
• Definition
• Nazi Party’s plan to murder the entire Jewish
population of Europe & the Soviet Union
• Methods
1) ghettos: confined area within a city where Jews were kept;
surrounded by walls/barbed wire
2) labor camps: where enemies of the state were subjected to
work as slave laborers
3) large-scale executions/mobile killing units
4) death camps/killing centers: special concentration camps
where people waited for death; designed to have gas chambers
and furnaces for disposal
Warsaw Ghetto
Dachau Concentration Camp
Bergen-Belsen
Crematorium Oven
Holocaust Victims
Holocaust Victims
70,000
80,000
250,000
European Jews
12,000
Soviet POWs
2,500
non-Jewish Poles
700,000
Serbians
Roma (Gypsies)
Germans (political, religious, & Resistance)
Germans (handicapped)
Homosexuals
3,000,000
Jehovah's Witnesses
6,000,000
3,000,000
Post War Planning
Planning for the Future
• Atlantic Charter (Before the War had ended)
- issued by Churchill & Roosevelt in July 1941
- declared neither wanted more territory
- declared both wanted world of peace
• Tehran, November 1943
- Churchill, Roosevelt, & Stalin
- agreed on plans for D-Day invasion
- agreed to work together in peace after war
Yalta Conference, early 1945
• Roosevelt, Churchill, & Stalin meet
• goal: agreement on postwar Europe
• certain leaders wanted certain things
- Stalin wanted to keep territory in Eastern
Europe & promised to respect democracy in
those countries
- Roosevelt wanted Stalin to join new world
organization—United Nations
United Nations, June 1945
• similar to League of Nations (post-WWI)
• encouraged international cooperation &
prevention of war
• US, Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, &
China = UN Security Council
- had more power than other member
countries
Soviet Plans
• Roosevelt & Churchill worried about Stalin’s
plans in Eastern Europe
• didn’t want communism/Soviet influence to
spread
• WWII ended, but another struggle was about to
begin