Transcript America Enters WWII - Okemos Public Schools

Roots of WWII
APUSH
2011-2012
The Era of Isolationism?
• During the 1930s the country as a whole was antiwar.
• Why?
Dawes Plan
Italy & Mussolini
• Rise to power:
−1919, Italy in Chaos- disappointed
by Treaty of Versailles
−Peasants inspired by Russian
revolution
−Mussolini starts organizing vets and
the discontent. Promises a return to
Roman greatness.
−Black Shirts
Italy & Mussolini
−1922, ‘March to Rome”
−Victor Emanuel gave Mussolini
permission to form new government
• Motivations
−Make Italy a great world power
−Foreign expansion
Mussolini Speech
Germany/ Adolf Hitler
• National Socialist German Workers Party
• Rise to power:
− Austria- 1889
− 18- Vienna Art School- turned down
− Moved to Germany, fights in WWI
− 1919, joins small group of right wing extremists
− 1920, leader of Nazicreates Brown Shirts
Adolf Hitler continued…
− 1923- coup, fails, ends up in jail
− Writes Mein Kampf- holy book of Nazi goals
− 1932, out, Nazi’s win more seats in Reichstag
− 1933, Hitler becomes Chancellor and sets
to work on his goals
• Motives/Goals
− Unite all German speaking people
− Master Race
− Lebensraum (living space)
• In 1935, Congress passed the Neutrality Acts
− Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war
− Eventually included countries engaged in Civil War
Japan/ Hideki Tojo & Hirohito
• Rise to power:
− 1920’s, moving to democracy
− Russian ideas became attractive to
Japanese peasants and workers
− Government vs Conservatives (military)
− 1929, depression
− 1931, Manchuria
− Early 30’s, government forced to accept
military domination
Japan
• Industrial but small
• Resented 2nd class status
• Needs raw materials for growing
industry and population
Neutrality Acts
• September 1939, Cash and Carry
&
1940 Election
“Peace for our time.”
Get Ready, Set…
• FDR asks Congress to increase military spending
• Passed the 1st peace time draft
− Selective Training and Service Act
− 16 million men between 21-35 were registered
1941
• There is a problem with Cash and Carry!
• Lend/Lease
− “to any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.”
comparable to one neighbor's lending another a garden
hose to put out a fire in his home. "What do I do in such a
crisis?" the president asked at a press conference. "I
don't say... 'Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you
have to pay me $15 for it' …I don't want $15 — I want my
garden hose back after the fire is over."
The Atlantic Charter
• FDR and Churchill meet secretly aboard the U.S.S.
Augusta.
• What do you think Churchill wants?
• What does he get:
− Pledge of
• Collective security
• Disarmament
• Self determination
• Economic cooperation
• Freedom of the seas
Basis for….
• FDR would not ask for war but he would provoke
one
“The Enemy of My Enemy is My Friend”
• June 1941, Hitler invades U.S.S.R.
• FDR began to send Lend/Lease supplies to Stalin
• What does this cause?
Trouble with the Wolfpacks
• September 1941, U.S.S. Greer
• Gave Navy permission to fire at them
• Pink Star (merchant ship)
• U.S. Destroyer Kearny
• U.S. Destroyer Reuben James
• Are we still neutral?
Japan
• Already in
Control of Manchuria
1937- invaded China
Seized colonial lands in
East Asia.
Why now?
1941- moved South
In response we cut off trade with the Japanese
2 options for the japanese
Axis of Evil
• September 27,
1940
Tripartite Pact
Goal?
Peace Talks
• Two Japanese negotiators in D.C.
• We had broken their code
• But where would the attack be?
• December 6, 1941
−“reject all peace proposals”
• This means war
Dec 7, 1941
• Film
• War Address