Transcript WWII_2016_RESOURCES12to20Bench2x

12. Pic G: Nazis Invade North
Africa & the Soviet Union
• Why? TO SECURE OIL SUPPLIES FOR
THEIR NATION!
12. Pic G: Feb., 1941 North Africa
Hitler sends Erwin Rommel
to command tank corps
“Africa Korps” – to get
more oil supplies from
North African countries
(British & French controlled)
& take the Suez Canal!
By June,’42, German forces
control much of the region,
including parts of Egypt!
Remember Before the Invasion of the
USSR…Germany had taken The Balkans:
 Early ’41 Bulgaria, Romania, and
Hungary join axis powers
 April, ’41 Germany invades/takes
control of Yugoslavia and Greece
(pro-British gov’ts)
12. Pic. G: June, 1941 -Operation Barbarossa
Hitler launches successful invasion of
USSR, using Blitzkrieg tactics!
Germans
were stopped
by the frigid
winter before
reaching,
Moscow.
By the start of 1942, the Axis powers
controlled much of Europe & North Africa.
Holocaust
(hol·o·caust): n - The systematic, statesponsored, persecution and murder of Jews
by the Nazis
Anti -Semitism
This is the term given to
political, social and
economic agitation against
Jews. In simple terms it
means ‘Hatred of Jews’.
Aryan Race
This was the name of what Hitler believed
was the perfect race. These were people
with full German blood, blonde hair and
blue eyes.
The Nuremberg Laws - 1935
 Nazi gov’t had passed laws that took away
the rights of Jews to German citizenship,
jobs and property.
 To make it easier for the Nazis to identify
them, Jews had to wear a bright yellow star
attached to their clothing.
BADGES OF HATE!
• Hitler then ordered Jews in all
countries under his control to be
moved into certain cities in Poland.
•
In those cities, Jews were herded into
dismal overcrowded ghettos.
• The Nazis then sealed off the ghettos
with barbed wire and stone walls.
• They wanted the Jews inside to starve
or die from disease.
Family being forced into ghettos
Ghetto Star
ghettos
A. Parts of the city that were
destroyed by German “blitzkrieg”
tactics.
B. The places where concentration
camps were found.
C. Sections of the city where
minorities were forced to live.
1938 Kristallnacht
“Night Of Broken Glass”
Photo credits: Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives
Major Step up in Nazi policy of Jewish Persecution
Shortly after this, Germany invaded POLAND…
Persecution of the Jews at the start of the war…
Jews were rounded up and taken to concentration camps, or
slave-labor prisons. Hitler hoped that the horrible conditions in the camps
would speed the elimination of the Jews.
Crowded Conditions
#13 B. HITLER’S
FINAL SOLUTION: Nazi’s
begin to exterminate the Jews
June, 1941
Hitler grew impatient
waiting for Jews to die
from starvation or
disease in the work
camps.
This step was called the
“Final Solution”. It was
a program of
genocide.
This began shortly after
the invasion of the
Soviet Union in June,
1941
#19. Pic BB: By the end of the war in Europe (spring of 1945),
The Nazi’s murdered 6 million Jews – 1/3 of the world’s Jewish
population.
• Nazi “death” camps
were equipped with
gas chambers for mass
murder.
• Huge gas chambers
could kill as many as
6,000 people in one
day.
• Nazi’s installed
Entrance to Auschwitz
crematoriums or
(translation of German sign)
ovens, to burn the
“Work will set you free”
bodies.
 6 million Jews
▪ 1.5 million children under 12
 “Other Undesirables”
▪ 5 million
11 MILLION KILLED
14. Pic Z: U.S. Enters the War in Europe:
Allies Debate War Strategies 12/22/1941
FDR and Churchill meet in Washington, D.C. to plan how to
defeat Germany and Italy. They resolved that the Allies would
focus first on defeating Germany and FORMULATED PLANS
TO INVADE NORTH AFRICA.
15. Pic O: Collapse of Axis Powers
in North African Campaign
Nov.,1942–May,1943
Gen. Montgomery (GB) – Brit troops force
Germans out of Egypt (Battle of El Alamein)
 German Afrika Korps led by the “Desert Fox” =
Gen. Erwin Rommel
 Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower- US forces coming
eastward from Morocco/Algeria
*May, ‘43 –the Afrika Corps is smashed between 2
Allied armies – THIS TURNS TIDE OF WAR IN
EUROPE!
Allied Forces in Northern Africa
11/1942-5/1943
The Conquest of Italy (Sicily)
• The conquest of Sicily July, ‘43 toppled
Mussolini from power.
• But the Germans seized control of northern
Italy and put Mussolini back in charge.
16. Pic T: The Battle of Stalingrad
Jun./1942-Jan./1943
The combination of the
effects of the Russian
winter and the Soviets’
refusal to give in to
German forces.
City – 99% destroyed;
90% in German
control.
Winter sets in – Soviets
counterattack and win
the battle!
Over 1 million Soviet soldiers lost
A similar situation…
• Napoleon’s invasion
of Russia (June,
1812-Dec.,1812
– 422,000 French
forces are reduced to
approx. 10,000
– Devastated by harsh
winters, indecisive
battles, exhausted
supplies
16. Pic T - Soviet Victory at Stalingrad
• After this loss,
the Germans
go on the
defensive
• The Soviet
forces push
the Germans
steadily
westward
17. Pic S: Allied Bombing Campaigns
• Allies trying to weaken
German civilian
confidence in the war.
• Allies wanted to
disrupt Germany’s
ability to supply its
army.
• Feb., 1945 –
German city of
Dresden is bombed
18. Pic N: Allies Liberate France
Normandy–60 mile stretch of beach
18.Pic N: D-Day –June 6, 1944
• The invasion of the coast of Normandy in
France was the greatest land and sea attack
in history. 1,000’s of planes, ships, tanks,
landing craft, and 3.5 million troops (British,
American, Canadian and French) were set to
attack the shores of Normandy (commanded
by Dwight D. Eisenhower) .
• The Germans were dug in with machine
guns, rocket launchers, and cannons. They
were protected behind concrete walls three
feet thick.
18. Pic N: D-Day!!!!
• Combined Allied attack
in Normandy (northern
France)
• Allies were able to
punch a hole in the
German defenses
• Allies took back France,
Belgium,
Luxembourg, & much
of the Netherlands
June 6, 1944 D-Day
3,000 soldiers died on
the beach that day.
Omaha Beach - an open killing field
• The beach at Omaha Beach sector was about 7,000
yds long.
• The tidal area averaged 300 yds between low &
high water marks.
• Above the tide line was a shingle 8 feet high & up
to 15 yards wide in some places. At the western
end, the shingle bank rested against a stone sea
wall which ranged from 4–12 feet in height.
• There was no cover for the Allies until
they reached the sea wall.
• Steep bluffs then rose 100–170 ft and cut into by
small wooded (well-fortified) exits at five points
along the beach, codenamed D-1, D-3, E-1, E-3 &
F-1
Omaha –Its the perfect defense…
 Every inch of the beach was covered by guns,
mines and explosives.
 The Germans had positioned strong points along
the beach and throughout the seawall, each
holding 88s cannons, 75s cannons, and mortars.

 There were dozens of machine gun pillboxes,
supported by a complicated trench system.
 There were also countless guns positioned at
angles to have plunging fire, grazing fire, and
crossing fire from all types of weapons.
67 years later…
D Day – June 6, 1944
A. The day that Allied forces invaded
France to free it from Nazi rule and
eventually defeat Germany in WWII.
B. The day that British forces stopped
Rommel’s Afrika Korps and forced him
out of Egypt.
C. The day that Japan bombed Pearl
Harbor.
Allies advancing eastward/westward:
• Soviets heading
towards Germany
from East
(Poland)–rest of
the Allied forces
coming from West
(France)
• Allies took France,
Belgium,
Luxembourg, and
much of the
Netherlands
20. The War in Europe
Ends
Pic E: Battle of the Bulge
Germany’s Last Offensive
Dec. 16, 1944
German tanks broke
through U.S. lines
(80 mile long battle front)
►Fought in Belgium Germany was trying to
capture Antwerp
20. Pic E - Battle of the Bulge
Very brutal battle Dec. 16, 1944
►Germans
were winning
in the beginning
►120,000 Germans died
(lost 600 tanks and guns
and 1,600 planes)
►80,000 Americans died
►Americans won, but
were close to losing!