Transcript wwii review for test

WWII REVIEW FOR TEST
European Theater
• Battle of Dunkirk- British army escaped capture by evacuation.
• The Munich Pact is an example of “APPEASEMENT” where Germany demanded portions of
Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a
new territorial designation "Sudetenland" was coined.
• German General charge in North Africa was ROMMAL (his greatest general of the German army)
• Battle of Brittan (to capture England and English Channels) was mostly fought in the air with his
Luftwaffe (air force) because invasion on land was too dangerous.
• Most Camps were held in Poland because they didn’t want information about the Holocaust to
leak out.
European Theater CONT.
• The Blitzkrieg meant “lightning War” happening in Brittan.
• Russia’s nonaggression treaty with Hitler relieved Hitler from having to fight in a
two front war.
• The invasion of Britain by land was to be called “Operation Sealion”
• The invasion of Russia in the beginning was called “Operation Barbarossa”
• The date for Victory in Europe day (V-E DAY) occurred when Germany
unconditionally surrendered when the allied forces overtook Berlin. Hitler
commits suicide. May 8th 1945
European Theater CONT.
• The German Air force “Luftwaffe”.
• The organization that FAILED to keep peace during WWII was: League of Nations (After WWII we develop
the United Nations “UN”)
• The Holocaust
-word for night of broken glass “Kristallnacht”
-“Operation Reinhard” or Genocide is the scientific name for killing Jews
-Himmler was the (SS) officer who created the “final solution” that Hitler carried out.
-what were ways most used to kill the Jews?
-What were the Nuremberg Laws?
-Why would people not run from the “Showers”
-Why were most camps located in Poland?
-Two Parts of the Nazi Program
Pacific Theater
• Pearl Harbor attacked December 7th 1941
• Doolittle Raids
• The Battle of Midway (turning point in the war) and stopped Japanese advance
on Hawaii
• The US policy of Island Hoping is the term used for the strategy in the war in the
Pacific
• The first Atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and the second bomb was
dropped on Nagasaki
Pacific Theater Cont.
• Truman decided to use the Atomic Bomb, because invading Japan would
kill too many American soldiers
• The Bataan death March  Philippines (which was still a US protectorate
from the Spanish-American War
• Famous Quote From McArthur concerning the Philippines “I Shall Return”
• Chester Nimitz was the commanding Fleet Admril of the US Navy at the
time of WWII
Pacific Theater Cont.
• On August 15, 1945 the news of surrender was announced to the
world, ON September 2nd 1945, the formal surrender was held
making September 2nd (V-J DAY)
• When surrender occurred on USS Missouri (ship in Pearl Harbor on
DEC 7th, McArthur ran the show, Nimitz took the surrender for the US,
and Truman watched it all unfold)
Home Front
• America converted from a consumer nation to a war time nation example: Auto
Industry changing to building tanks, jeeps, new boats and technologies.
• The Tuskegee Airmen-is the popular name of a group of African-American military
pilots who fought in World War II. Formally, they formed the 332nd Fighter Group
and the 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces
• Flying Tigers-were a group of American fighter pilots that flew for China in the
early part of 1942. Led by a controversial American, Colonel Claire Chennault,
they were actually called the "American Volunteer Group" (AVG), and achieved
good success in their aerial battles against the Japanese.
• Native American Code Talkers (Najao Code Talkers)-In 1942, a man named Philip
Johnston thought of a code he thought unbreakable by the enemy. A code based
on the Navajo language. (greatly used in battle of iwo jima)
HOME FRONT CONT
• Women used in non combat roles (Rosie the Riviter)
• “Cash & Carry”
• Great American Generals
Omar Bradley- served Eisenhower's “eyes and ears” in North Africa
Dwight Eisenhower- MacArthur's senior assistant in Philippines (d-day)
Douglas MacArthur- commander over pacific, governed Japan until 1950.
Chester Nimitz- commander of us Navy (Midway, first defeat of Japan turning point
George Marshall- Chief of Staff from D.C , organized funding to rebuild Europe “Marshall
Plan”
Patton- Tank Commander who lead forces out of Normandy and Battle of the Buldge,
invasion of Sicily, and Casablanca in North Africa.
Differences of FDR and TRUMAN
FDR
1. Charismatic
2. smooth and sleek in his
handling of people and issues
3. naturally good at maneuvering
people and issues and could
abandon either immediately
when it suited his purposes
4. Experiment
1.
2.
3.
4.
TRUMAN
Colorless
either unpretentiously
cooperative, or as feisty as an
angry banty rooster
despised dishonesty and was
persistently loyal to his friends
and associates
Facts
Home Front
• Selective Service
• WAAC
• Rations
• Collection Drives (metal, rubber, food…)
Getting Ready For War
Pearl Harbor shocked the nation but the nation was actually ready for war…..HOW?
-For months Roosevelt had been
setting aside money to loan to
companies to cover the cost of
converting to war production.
-After the Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor almost all major American
industries and 200,000 companies had
converted to war production.
-Automobile factories produced
trucks, jeeps, tanks, rifles, mines,
helmets, pontoon bridges,
cooking pots, etc. Even Henry
Ford created an assembly line to
build B-24 bombers!
Building the United States Army
-As in WWI, the Selective
Service draft was used to recruit
an overwhelming number of of
G.I.s. The majority were young
recruits who had little training
-At the Beginning of the war the army was
completely segregated, but that would
quickly change
Roosevelt won his last election
with support of the Black vote….so
he launched the:
The Problem????
African Americans were still greatly
Disfranchised….meaning they were
denied the right to vote.
“Double V Campaign”-campaign
that encouraged African
Americans to joint the military
because a victory would be a
victory over racism at home and
overseas. It would hopefully be a
step in gaining minorities respect
throughout the U.S.
The Impact of the War at HomeU.S.
Society
1942-43
BELIEVE IT!!THE
WAR HAD
A POSITIVE EFFECT ON
AMERICAN SOCIETY!!!!!!!
The government created a
female character to use in
-The war led to 19
its war propaganda to
million new jobs
convince married women to
and double the
work in the factories while
income of
their husbands were off
American families
fighting the war in Europe
-Labor shortages
caused by the
war forced
factories to hire
women in
and Asia…that characters
name???
**ROSIE THE RIVETER
2.5 million women entered
into the manufacturing
workforce
The Impact of the War at HomeU.S.
Society
1942-43
America was also on the move!
-Almost 15 million Americans
moved from the MidWest (Rust
Belt) West and South during the
war to be closer to where new
jobs were available. *The growth
and expansion of cities in the
Deep South created a new
Industrial Region called the…SUN
BELT
-African Americans continued the Great Migration they started in the 1920s…moving to
the North to take factory jobs vacated by men who were fighting in the war.
The Impact of the War at HomeU.S.
Society 1942-43
There was a very ugly reality at home!
-The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
scared many Americans living on the
West Coast. Due to migration
throughout the late 1800s, California,
Washington, and Oregon had a large
population of Japanese-American
citizens whose ancestors had come the
the country during the Great Western
Expansion. Many Americans feared
that these citizens would be loyal to
their ancestry and help aide the
Japanese Army in launching an invasion
on the American Pacific Coast.
The Japanese Internment Camps
Roosevelt’s Response to the West Coast Hysteria
-Roosevelt declared the entire
Western portion of the United States
a “War Zone”. The U.S. army was
given police jurisdiction over the West
Coast.
-Roosevelt then signed EXECUTIVE
ORDER 9066this gave the U.S. army
permission to remove anyone from
any region declared a military or war
zone.
-Secretary of War, Henry Stimson, then ordered any person of “Japanese Ancestry” to be
evacuated from the region and detained in one of 10 internment camps being constructed
throughout the Midwestern region of the country. People were taken from their homes,
separated from their families, they property and possessions sold, and they were held in camps
behind barbed wire for the duration of the war. The kicker is that most of the detainees were
American citizens…born in the good old U.S.A.!
The Legal Fallout of the Japanese Internment Camps
One of these Japanese-American detainees argued that his rights had been violated
and took his case to the U.S. Supreme Court
in December 1944.
*Korematsu v. the United States (1944)
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the
relocation WAS CONSTITUTIONAL
because it was not based on race, but on
“military urgency”.
-No Japanese-American citizen was ever tried for espionage or sabotage. Many
Japanese-Americans served the U.S. during the war, especially as code-breakers and
translators. In 1988 the U.S government accepted fault for this act, apologizing to the
families that were detained and awarding $20,000 to each surviving Japanese
American that had been interned during the war!
V-E Day….VICTORY IN EUROPE!!!!
-American Forces continued to
push German forces back across
the German border. As Allied
forces began to enter into
Germany unopposed Hitler
realized it was just a matter of
time before the Americans were
knocking on the door of Berlin!
-On April 30, 1945 Hitler buried
himself in a bunker with his
mistress and closest advisors
and committed suicide. His
successor began to arrange the
surrender of the German army
as the Allies began heavily
bombing Berlin.
On May 7, 1945 Germany
unconditionally surrendered
to the Allied Army. The next
day was proclaimed “V-E
Day” for “Victory in Europe!
Ending the War in Japan
Japan refused to surrender unconditionally because they wanted their emperor to remain in
power.
-For 10 Years the U.S. had
been working on……
**THE PROJECT TO BUILD
A ATOMIC BOMB WAS
CODE NAMED THE
“MANHATTAN PROJECT”.
**The world’s most famous
scientist, Albert Einstein
was the first to come up
with the idea and suggest
it to President Roosevelt.
-The first atomic bomb was detonated
near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July
16, 1945. When Truman learned of
the successful test he realized the war
would soon be over!
August 6, 1945the first Atomic Bomb
in history was used on another country.
**The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on
Hiroshima. Over 10,000 people died
instantly….vaporized! Thousands died
later from burns and radiation sickness.
-That same day a second Atomic
Bomb was dropped on Nagasaki,
killing between 35,000 and
75,000 people.
ON AUGUST 15, 1945 THE
JAPANESE GOVERNMENT
SURRENDERED IN FEAR OF THE
UNITED STATES UNLEASHING
ANYMORE HORRIFIC DAMAGE
ON THE NATION’S PEOPLE!
Building a New World
Taking a page out of the book of Machiavelli, President Harry Truman was determined to make
sure the U.S. played an active role in rebuilding Europe after this war!
-*United
Nationsorganization
created after WWII that
consisted of 39 countries that
would work together to
maintain world peace
-The UN has a General
Assembly (like our Congress)
with each member nation
getting one vote. HOWEVER,
the U.S., USSR, France, China,
Great Britain have veto power
-The UN created International Military
Tribunals to punish Japanese and
German leaders with a various
number of WAR CRIMES…including
GENOCIDEmass extermination of
citizens based on their race, creed,
color, or religious affiliation.
**During the “Nuremberg Trials”
many leaders of the Nazi party were
convicted of crimes against humanity
and hung!
**Nobody in the U.S. government or
military was tried for the mass killing
of Japanese or German citizens!
WWII Test Review
1. Based on the information in this chart,
which situation gave rise to Nazi power in
Germany?
1. Based on the information in this
chart, which situation gave rise to
Nazi power in Germany?
A.success of the Weimar Republic.
B. global prosperity and trade.
C. political and economic instability.
D.expansion of Germany’s colonial
empire.
1. Based on the information in this
chart, which situation gave rise to
Nazi power in Germany?
A.success of the Weimar Republic.
B. global prosperity and trade.
C. political and economic instability.
D.expansion of Germany’s colonial
empire.
2. The term militarism can best be
defined as:
A.Extreme loyalty to a nation or
ethnic group.
B. Avoidance of military involvement
in war.
C. Buildup of armaments in
preparation for war.
D.Control of territories for economic
and political gain.
2. The term militarism can best be
defined as:
A.Extreme loyalty to a nation or
ethnic group.
B. Avoidance of military involvement
in war.
C. Buildup of armaments in
preparation for war.
D.Control of territories for economic
and political gain.
3. Totalitarian countries are characterized
by
A. A multiparty system with several
candidates for each office.
B. Government control of everything,
including newspapers, radio, and
television.
C. Free and open democratic elections.
D. Government protection of civil rights.
3. Totalitarian countries are characterized
by
A. A multiparty system with several
candidates for each office.
B. Government control of everything,
including newspapers, radio, and
television.
C. Free and open democratic elections.
D. Government protection of civil rights.
4. Based on the information provided by
the diagram, which statement is a valid
conclusion about the 1930s?
4. Based on the information provided by the
diagram, which statement is a valid
conclusion about the 1930s?
A. The United States led international peacekeeping
efforts.
B. Aggression & expansion led to the start of World War
II.
C. The actions of Italy, Germany, and Japan united
Europe.
D. Economic and social upheaval led to the rise of
democracy in Asia.
4. Based on the information provided by the
diagram, which statement is a valid
conclusion about the 1930s?
A. The United States led international peacekeeping
efforts.
B. Aggression & expansion led to the start of World War
II.
C. The actions of Italy, Germany, and Japan united
Europe.
D. Economic and social upheaval led to the rise of
democracy in Asia.
5. “Germany and Russia Divide Poland”
(1939)
The above headline might be used to
illustrate the weakness of which of the
following?
A. United Nations.
B. Warsaw Pact.
C. Congress of Vienna.
D. League of Nations.
5. “Germany and Russia Divide Poland”
(1939)
The above headline might be used to
illustrate the weakness of which of the
following?
A. United Nations.
B. Warsaw Pact.
C. Truman Doctrine.
D. League of Nations.
6. When World War II broke out in
Europe, the U.S. maintained a
policy of
A.Interventionism.
B. Isolationism.
C. Communism.
D.Totalitarianism.
6. When World War II broke out in
Europe, the U.S. maintained a
policy of
A.Interventionism.
B. Isolationism.
C. Communism.
D.Totalitarianism.
7. The policy of appeasement helped
cause World War II because this policy
A. Reduced the armaments of major
European powers.
B. Gave too much power to the League
of Nations.
C. Allowed the aggressive actions of
Germany to go unchallenged.
D. Increased sea trade between Britain
and the U.S.
7. The policy of appeasement helped
cause World War II because this policy
A. Reduced the armaments of major
European powers.
B. Gave too much power to the League
of Nations.
C. Allowed the aggressive actions of
Germany to go unchallenged.
D. Increased sea trade between Britain
and the U.S.
8. A major decision that was made at
the Potsdam Conference was
A. To make Italy pay heavy war
reparations to the Allies.
B. To divide Germany into 4 occupation
zones.
C. To form a League of Nations.
D. To make the USSR pay heavy war
reparations to Germany.
8. A major decision that was made at
the Potsdam Conference was
A. To make Italy pay heavy war
reparations to the Allies.
B. To divide Germany into 4 occupation
zones.
C. To form a League of Nations.
D. To make the USSR pay heavy war
reparations to Germany.
9. The codename for the building
of the atomic bomb in the U.S
was
A. The Truman Project.
B. The Bomb Project.
C. The Manhattan Project.
D. The Los Alamos Project.
9. The codename for the building
of the atomic bomb in the U.S
was
A. The Truman Project.
B. The Bomb Project.
C. The Manhattan Project.
D. The Los Alamos Project.
10. The Axis Powers during World
War II were:
A. Britain, France, and the U.S.
B. Germany, Italy, and Japan.
C. Germany, USSR, and Japan.
D. Germany, France, and Belgium.
10. The Axis Powers during World
War II were:
A. Britain, France, and the U.S.
B. Germany, Italy, and Japan.
C. Germany, USSR, and Japan.
D. Germany, France, and Belgium.
11. The U.S. president who made
the decision to use the atomic
bomb on Japan was
A.FDR.
B. Wilson.
C. Truman.
D.Stimson.
11. The U.S. president who made
the decision to use the atomic
bomb on Japan was
A.FDR.
B. Wilson.
C. Truman.
D.Stimson.
12. The Yalta Conference was attend
by the Big Three:
A.Chamberlain, FDR, and Stalin.
B. Stalin, FDR, and Hitler.
C. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin.
D.FDR, Stalin, and Churchill.
12. The Yalta Conference was attend
by the Big Three:
A.Chamberlain, FDR, and Stalin.
B. Stalin, FDR, and Hitler.
C. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin.
D.FDR, Stalin, and Churchill.
13. The event that started WWII
was
A. Germany’s occupation of the
Rhineland.
B. Germany’s invasion of the USSR.
C. Germany’s invasion of Poland.
D. Germany’s invasion of Belgium.
13. The event that started WWII
was
A. Germany’s occupation of the
Rhineland.
B. Germany’s invasion of the USSR.
C. Germany’s invasion of Poland.
D. Germany’s invasion of Belgium.
14. “. . . Seventy thousand people were killed instantly,
and many more would die — 60,000 by November and
another 70,000 by 1950. Most of them would be
victims of a new method of killing— radiation. . .”
— Ronald Takai
The situation described in this passage was
the direct result of which World War II
event?
A. Blitz of London.
B. Attack on Pearl Harbor.
C. D-Day invasion of Normandy.
D. The bombing of Hiroshima.
14. “. . . Seventy thousand people were killed instantly,
and many more would die — 60,000 by November and
another 70,000 by 1950. Most of them would be
victims of a new method of killing— radiation. . .”
— Ronald Takai
The situation described in this passage was
the direct result of which World War II
event?
A. Blitz of London.
B. Attack on Pearl Harbor.
C. D-Day invasion of Normandy.
D. The bombing of Hiroshima.
15. The purpose of the Lend Lease Act
(1939) was to
A. Allow the U.S. to give supplies to
Germany.
B. Allow the U.S. to trade with Japan
during the war.
C. Allow the U.S. to give Britain and
France the supplies to fight Germany.
D. Allow Britain and France to trade with
Japan.
15. The purpose of the Lend Lease Act
(1939) was to
A. Allow the U.S. to give supplies to
Germany.
B. Allow the U.S. to trade with Japan
during the war.
C. Allow the U.S. to give Britain and
France supplies to fight Germany.
D. Allow Britain and France to trade with
Japan.
16. Totalitarianism is defined as
A. A political system where equality is
stressed.
B. A political system that emphasizes
extreme nationalism.
C. A political system in which everything is
controlled by the state and the leader
(dictator) holds total power.
D. A democratic political system where
people hold all of the power.
16. Totalitarianism is defined as
A. A political system where equality is
stressed.
B. A political system that emphasizes
extreme nationalism.
C. A political system in which everything is
controlled by the state and the leader
(dictator) holds total power.
D. A democratic political system where
people hold all of the power.
17. The purpose of appeasement was to
A. Give Britain and France time to plan their
invasion of Germany.
B. Allow Hitler to take some land in Europe in
an effort to avoid war.
C. Allow Germany the chance to give back
the land it took in violation of the Treaty
of Versailles.
D. Allow the U.S. time to deal with the Great
Depression before it could prepare for
war.
17. The purpose of appeasement was to
A. Give Britain and France time to plan their
invasion of Germany.
B. Allow Hitler to take some land in Europe in
an effort to avoid war.
C. Allow Germany the chance to give back
the land it took in violation of the Treaty
of Versailles.
D. Allow the U.S. time to deal with the Great
Depression before it could prepare for
war.
Name that WWII leader
Name that leader…
1. Leader of Japan.
2. Leader of the Nazi Party.
3. Prime Minister of Britain who
favored appeasement.
4. Leader who used the atomic bomb
on Japan.
5. Communist leader.
6. Totalitarian dictator of the USSR.
7. Prime Minister of Britain during
WWII who wanted to defeat Hitler
with Allied help.
8. Leader who wanted revenge for
the Treaty of Versailles.
9. Fascist leader.
10. President of the U.S. when war
broke out.
11. Prime Minister of Britain who
favored appeasement.
12. Chancellor of Germany.