Transcript June 2012

1914-Present
Questions from Jan 2010 to 2014
WW1
Causes
- militarism
(competition btw Germany & England)
- Pan-Slavism (Balkan Powder-Keg and ethnic
tensions) nationalism
- imperial rivalry
- entangling alliances (Triple Entente vs. Triple
Alliance)
- Immediate Cause: Assassination of
Archduke Ferdinand
WWI
The Sides: Allied
Powers (France, England,
Russia – eventually US) vs.
Central Powers
(Germany, Austria, and
Ottomans)
Trench Warfare – war of
attrition (Verdun)
German u-boat sink
Lusitania – America enters
1917 – Russia signs Treaty
of Brest-Litovsk to get out
of war
Technology - U-boats, tanks,
poison gas
Colonies (like India) help out
Total War – bonds, rationing,
women on homefront,
propaganda (sales pitch for
the concept of war)
Treaty of Versailles - June 28, 1919
Allies win
Germany loses - forced to give up Alsace-Lorraine, pay
reparations. Sign War Guilt Clause. “We shall squeeze
the orange until the pips squeak.” Germany becomes
“Weimer Republic” – politically unstable and economically
broke.
New Countries of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia formed
(Pan-Slavism)
Ottomans lost everything except Turkey.
League of Nations formed to keep peace - The United
States doesn’t join and no military force to back it up – thus
weak, only can use economic sanctions (boycotts –
refusal to buy goods from belligerent/warlike powers)
Rise of Independent Movements
Since colonials died fighting for
European powers – hoped to gain
political rights, they did not get them
Will lead to new nationalist movements
in places like India (Gandhi)
Desire for self-determination (self –
rule)
June 2011
2. Which event is considered the
immediate cause of World War I?
(1) signing of the Treaty of Versailles
(2) invasion of Poland by Germany
(3) assassination of Archduke Francis
Ferdinand
(4) use of unrestricted submarine warfare
by Germany
January 2013
4. Which statement regarding World War I is an opinion
rather than a fact?
(1) European countries increased the production
of weapons during the war.
(2) The governments of most countries stated
that the period of conflict would be short.
(3) Propaganda posters were used to gain support for the
war.
(4) Citizens of the Allied nations showed more
patriotism than those of the Central Powers.
January 2013
5. Before 1914, nationalism in the Balkan Peninsula
contributed to
(1) resistance by ethnic groups to Austrian rule
(2) campaigns by foreign diplomats against the
use of trench warfare
(3) the inability of countries to make reparation
payments
(4) the rejection of the Versailles Treaty by
combatants
January 2014
8. This World War I
poster is an example of
(1) diversity
(2) dissent
(3) toleration
(4) propaganda
June 2010
10. One reason the League of Nations failed as a
world organization was that it
(1) supported the rise of fascist states
(2) lacked a military force to settle conflicts
(3) dealt with conflict by establishing naval
blockades
(4) encouraged the annexation of territory by
force
August 2011
11. Which
concept is
represented in
these World
War I
recruiting
posters?
(1) justice
(2) diversity
(3) nationalism
(4) humanism
January 2014
13. Which development occurred in
Germany as a result of the terms imposed
by the Treaty of Versailles?
(1) Soviet occupation
(2) political instability
(3) overseas expansion
(4) economic prosperity
August 2013
14. Which term is defined as payment for
war damages?
(1) mandate (3) reparation
(2) armistice (4) militarism
Great Depression –
1930s
Causes
Cost of WW1
Germany forced to pay
reparations but no
money to do so
overdependence on
American loans and
buying
Increase in tariffs (taxes
on imports) and
protectionism
Great Depression – Impact /
Reaction
Political extremism - totalitarianism
1. Communist say capitalism is a mess
2. Fascists (Mussolini and Hitler) want
to protect enterprise and promote their
nation
Rise of Dictators between WW1-2
Hitler – Germany
Mussolini – Italy
Stalin – USSR (Soviet Union/Russia)
Totalitarian dictators will control media,
education, what the masses know - censorship. They
Will have public work programs and use
Terror as a means to control people. No civil liberties (rights)
August 2013
16. Which heading best completes this
graphic organizer?
(1) Socialism
(3) Fascism
(2) Liberalism
(4) Ethnocentrism
August 2012
17. One similarity in the actions of Benito
Mussolini and Saddam Hussein is that
both
(1) established a democratic form of
government
(2) denied individual rights
(3) expanded the power of labor unions
(4) sought a classless society
June 2013
18. In Europe during the 1930s, economic
instability led to the
(1) rise of fascist dictatorships
(2) development of nuclear arms
(3) abandonment of colonial territories
(4) establishment of the League of
Nations
Russian/Bolshevik
Revolution - 1917
Czar Nicholas II autocratic
1905 – Bloody Sunday –
peasants protesting lack of
food and loss in Crimean
and Russo-Japanese Wars
Losses in WW1, Lenin
promises “Peace Land
and Bread”
“Bolsheviks” (wanted
dictatorship w/no parties
except socialism) –
supported by Lenin and
Trotsky (Red Army)
War Communism –
peasants hoard food,
cheka investigate and put
people in gulacs; red
terror (purging of
intellectuals)
Czar is assassinated with
family
Stalin’s 5 Year Plan
Heavy Industry – build up
the technology and
infrastructure of Soviet Union
(bridges, oil refineries, steel
manufacturing) – not consumer
goods (purses, shoes, etc)
Huge quotas (requirements) for
factories with heavy
punishments for those who
could not meet
Collective Farms –
factory like farms where
most food goes to govt
and soldiers. Caused
massive famines
(Ukraine)
Stalin’s Purge of Enemieskilled millions
January 2012
19. The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia was caused
in part by
(1) a forced famine in Ukraine
(2) the failure of Czar Nicholas II to come to Serbia’s aid
(3) a shortage of military supplies and food during World
War I
(4) the establishment of Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP)
August 2011
20. Which action is associated with
Joseph Stalin?
(1) expanding privatization
(2) establishing five-year plans
(3) encouraging glasnost
(4) promoting détente
January 2010
21. One reason the Bolsheviks gained peasant
support during the Russian Revolution was
because the Bolsheviks promised to
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
redistribute land
abolish communes
bring modern technology to Russian farms
maintain an agricultural price-support program
August 2012
24. Which action contributed to the success of Lenin’s
communist revolution in Russia?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Peasants were promised land reform.
Businessmen were encouraged to form monopolies.
Landowners were offered tax relief.
Factory workers were required to start small
businesses.
June 2012
25. An incompetent government,
massacres on Bloody Sunday, and the
high costs of World War I were causes of
the
(1) Mexican Revolution
(2) Boxer Rebellion
(3) Sepoy Mutiny
June 2010
26. Which of these groups were the
major supporters of 20th-century
communist revolutions?
(1) priests and artisans
(2) bourgeoisie and nobility
(3) entrepreneurs and capitalists
(4) workers and peasants
June 2012
28. In the early 1930s, millions of
Ukrainians died as a result of
(1) the intifada
(2) glasnost
(3) a forced famine
(4) trench warfare
Chinese Communist Revolution
Civil War – Nationalist Chiang Kai Shek
vs. Communist Mao
Mao’s - forced on Long March (1934) –
even though lost lots of men – became
rally cry for communist. Made People’s
Republic of China – 1949 (support of
peasants and women – gave women
equality)
Great Leap Forward (created
communes - farms)
Great Proletariat Cultural
Revolution (Little Red Book) – got
rid of old cultural values and forced
everyone to be communist – no
religion/no Confucianism
Chiang flees to Taiwan
August 2013
31. The Long March is significant in
Chinese history because it
(1) ended Japanese occupation of China
(2) reinforced the concept of the Mandate
of Heaven
(3) caused the Boxer Rebellion
(4) established Mao Zedong as a
revolutionary leader
June 2010
32. What was one social change Mao Zedong
instituted in China after 1949?
(1) granting legal equality for men and women
(2) requiring arranged marriages
(3) adopting the practice of foot binding
(4) mandating Confucianism as the state
philosophy
January 2013
35. Which Chinese leader is most closely
associated with leading the Great Leap
Forward and the Cultural Revolution?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen)
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)
Mao Zedong
Deng Xiaoping
August 2013
36. During the Great Leap Forward,
Chinese peasants were forced to
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
join communes
move to the cities
convert to Christianity
attack the Red Guards
Rise of WW2
Hitler – uses Enabling Act to take over Weimer
Republic
Rise of German nationalism – anti-Semitism (Jews)
Aryanism (Mein Kampf); Nuremberg Laws (Kristallnacht)
Appeasement of England and France when Hitler took
over Czechoslovakia and Austria – gave in to his
aggression to keep peace. (Munich Pact)
Alliances – Allies (France, England, US) and Axis Powers
(Germany, Italy, Japan) - Non-Aggression Pact
(Germany and USSR)
Japan’s attack on Manchuria; Rape of Nanjing
Italy’s attack on Ethiopia with poison gas
Events of WW2
Blitzkrieg against Poland (last straw –
England declares war)
Hitler defeats Belgium and France
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor – US joins war
Japan makes Asia in to colonies - Greater
East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (“Asia for
Asiatics”)
Battle of Stalingrad (turning pt – Russia
held off Germany because Russia too cold • US attacks Japan at Iwo
and big)
Jima (amphibious)
D-Day/Normandy – US & England free
France from Germany – now Germany has • Hiroshima (atomic
weapons dropped on
2 front war
Japan)
Hitler commits suicide
Conference at Potsdam, July 1945
• Truman replaces Roosevelt
• Stalin refuses to allow free
elections in Eastern Europe
• Truman hears of new atomic
weapon
“Big Three”
Decide Fate of Europe
Conference at Yalta, February
1945
• Soviet military assistance for
the war against Japan
• Creation of a United Nations
• Require German unconditional
surrender
• Free elections in Eastern
Europe
Churchill, FDR, Stalin
June 2011
37. Based on the
information provided by
this map, how did
adopting the policy of
appeasement at the
Munich Conference in
September 1938 change
Europe?
(1) The Rhineland was
occupied by France.
(2) The Sudetenland was given to
Germany.
(3) Germany transferred control of
Memel to Lithuania.
(4) Austria became an independent
state.
August 2012
38. The leaders in
this 1936 cartoon
are depicted as
“spineless”
because they
(1) signed the Treaty of Versailles
(2) wanted to avoid global conflict at any cost
(3) depended on economic measures to stop aggression
(4) recognized the communist government in the Soviet Union
Aug 2010
39. The invasions of Russia by France in 1812
and by Germany in World War II were
unsuccessful in part because of the
(1) Russian alliances with China
(2) harsh climatic conditions in Russia
(3) inexperience of French and German military
leaders
(4) failure of France and Germany to develop
modern weapons
January 2014
43. Which geographic factor was most significant in helping
the Soviet Union withstand German attacks in World War II?
(1) The Ural Mountains served as a barrier to advancing
German armies.
(2) Distance and harsh winters disrupted German supply lines.
(3) Extensive food-producing areas kept the Soviet armies well
fed.
(4) Numerous ports along the Arctic Sea allowed for the
refueling of Soviet transport ships.
June 2010
44. Japan’s invasion of China in 1937 and Germany’s
attack on Poland in 1939 led directly to
(1) the beginning of World War II in Asia and Europe
(2) a meeting at Yalta between the United States and the
Soviet Union
(3) a conference at Munich for European leaders
(4) the withdrawal of Britain and France from European
affairs
June 2012
45. Which political leader gained power
as a result of the failing economy of the
Weimar Republic?
(1) Adolf Hitler
(2) Francisco Franco
(3) Benito Mussolini
(4) Charles de Gaulle
47. Which of these World War II events
happened first?
(1) Battle of Britain
(2) D-Day invasion
(3) invasion of Poland
(4) dropping of an atomic bomb on
Hiroshima
January 2012
48. What was one geographic characteristic of Germany
that influenced the outcomes of both World War I and
World War II?
(1) Mountainous topography protected Germany from the
opposing side.
(2) A lack of navigable rivers in Germany slowed
transportation.
(3) Excellent harbors allowed Germany to defeat Great
Britain’s naval forces.
(4) Its central location in Europe resulted in Germany
having to fight on two fronts.
June 2012
49. Which sequence of events is in the correct chronological
order?
(1) rise of Nazism → Treaty of Versailles → German invasion of
the Soviet Union
(2) Treaty of Versailles → rise of Nazism → German invasion of
the Soviet Union
(3) German invasion of the Soviet Union → rise of Nazism →
Treaty of Versailles
(4) Treaty of Versailles →German invasion of the Soviet Union
→ rise of Nazism
June 2011
50. Which conflict is most closely
associated with events in Nanjing,
Dunkirk, and Hiroshima?
(1) Russian Revolution (3) World War II
(2) Cultural Revolution (4) Korean War
August 2012
53. Which headline is most closely associated
with the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
(1) “Japan Signs Treaty of Kanagawa”
(2) “Nuclear Bombs Dropped on Japan”
(3) “Japan Invades Korea”
(4) “Japan Hosts Discussion on Greenhouse
Gases”
Holocaust
Kristallnacht – night of
shattered glass – Jewish
businesses were destroyed,
Jews forced to wear star of
David
Einsatzgruppen – special
strike force created to round up
all Polish Jews and
concentrate them in Ghettos –
mobile group, but deemed
inefficient
Created death camps –
Treblinka, Auschwitz, etc.
using Zyklon B (hydrogen
cyanide) in gas chambers. At
Auschwitz – 70% were killed
automatically
90% of Jewish population of
Baltic Countries and
Germany were exterminated
Others also exterminated 6
million – homosexuals,
Jehovah’s Witnesses,
Catholics, Gypsies, Slavs,
mentally retarded
Result of Holocaust
Death of millions of Jews
Nuremberg Trials to find out who
committed crimes and prosecute them
Creation of United Nations to protect
human rights
Movement of millions of Jews to United
States
Creation of the state of Israel as a
Jewish national home (zionism)
January 2010
57. As a result of discrimination during
the 19th century, where were many Jews
in eastern Europe forced to live?
(1) on collective farms
(2) in fortified villages
(3) in urban ghettos
(4) in industrial areas
June 2010
58. The Nuremberg Trials are considered an important
event in the 20th century because they
(1) brought an end to genocide
(2) condemned the use of nuclear weapons
(3) ruled on provisions for the postwar occupation of
Germany
(4) established principles of responsibility for human
rights violations
Cold War (1945-89)
Containment (stop spread of
communism)
Iron Curtain / Soviet Bloc
Truman Doctrine in Greece/Turkey (US will give arms to those
countries facing communist civil war)
Marshall Plan – (US will give money to western Europe to rebuild to
avoid communism)
Berlin Blockade/Airlift/Wall (Germany)– East Germany will build wall to
stop movement of people to East (democratic side)
Korean War (divided North Communist, South Democratic at the 38th
parallel) – 1960-70s – war was stalemate – still divided today
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 – Castro, Bay of Pigs
Afghanistan War – (Soviets invaded – US funds Taliban to stop – will
lead to well-armed terrorist in Afghanistan)
Vietnam War (North Communist, South Democratic – divided at 17th
parallel)
Cold War
Alliances
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization – protective alliance if a
communist nation attacks the rest will come to protect); EU
(European Union – end trade barriers in western European nations,
will create common currency with euro) – after collapse of soviet
union eastern European countries will want to join
Warsaw Pact (communist version of NATO) Comecon
Non-aligned (countries not taking side in cold war like India)
Competition
Space Race – Sputnik, Apollo lunar landing (1969), Apollo-Soyuz
Arms Race – NPT (do not give Nuclear Weapon technology to
those who do not already have it – Iran, Libya, North Korea trying
to get nuclear weapon technology today), SALT (strategic arms
limitation talks – decrease number of nuclear weapons) (détente
– lessoning of cold war tensions in 1970s)
Satellite states – countries
that are politically and
Economically part of USSR
June 2010
61. What is a long-term effect of the Soviet invasion
of Afghanistan in 1979?
(1) Communism was strengthened in South Asia.
(2) Hostilities between China and India lessened.
(3) The influence of militant Islamic groups increased in
the region.
(4) Tensions along the border between Pakistan
and Afghanistan were reduced.
August 2012
62. The purpose of both the Truman
Doctrine and the Marshall Plan was to
(1) support the construction of the Iron
Curtain
(2) increase membership in the United
Nations
(3) prevent the spread of communism
(4) attempt to solve world hunger
June 2010
64. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was
initially formed to
(1) promote religious freedom
(2) defend Western Europe from Soviet aggression
(3) isolate member nations from the rest of the world
(4) stop the flow of immigration between member
nations
June 2013
66. The Great Wall of China and the
Berlin Wall were both intended to
(1) halt the spread of communism
(2) isolate unpopular governments
(3) limit the movement of peoples
(4) keep people from smuggling illegal
goods
August 2011
67. Which title best completes the partial outline below?
I. __________________________________
A. Berlin blockade
B. Cuban missile crisis
C. Vietnam War
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Path to World War I
Victories for Democracy
Cold War Confrontations
Terrorism in the 20th Century
June 2011
70. The imaginary line that divided the
Western European countries from the
Eastern European countries after World
War II was known as the
(1) prime meridian
(3) Iron Curtain
(2) line of demarcation (4) Berlin Wall
Cold War Leaders
Truman
Eisenhower – Domino
Theory (if one country fell to
communism – others would
too; reason for getting
involved in Vietnam)
JFKennedy – Cuban Missile
Crisis
Nixon – visits China 1972
(time of détente)
Reagan – Star Wars (SDI);
Iran-Contra Scandal (heats
up cold war)
Stalin – 5 Year Plan; purges,
KGB
Khrushchev – destalination,
Berlin Wall
Castro – Cuban Missile Crisis
Gorbachev vs. Deng
Gorbachev – leader
of Soviet Union 1989
glasnost (freedom
of speech),
perestroika (limited
privatization –
increased
capitalism);
Berlin Wall Falls;
1991 end of USSR
Deng – leader of
China, 1989
4 Modernizations
(lmt priv – new
technologies, more
capitalism),
Tiananmen Square
Massacre (1989) –
killed students who
were protesting for
more democracy and
rights
Post-Gorbachev Russia
Chechens – wants to
break off from
Russia but Russia
will intervene with
force to suppress,
Chechens will use
terrorism
Ukraine – proRussian separatist
make Crimea
Peninsula separate
from Ukraine,
ongoing civil war
Yugoslavia – Slobodan Milosevic of Serbia – responsible for
Ethnic Cleansing of Muslims in Kosovo and Bosnia – UN
Attempted to help but was unable to.
June 2012
76. What do the darkest
areas of this map represent?
(1) former republics of the
Soviet Union
(2) current members of the
European Union
(3) original member
countries of the Warsaw
Pact
(4) recent additions to the
Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OPEC)
January 2014
77. The economic policies of Mikhail
Gorbachev of the Soviet Union and of
Deng Xiaoping of China included
(1) elements of capitalism
(2) boycotts on foreign products
(3) a one-child policy
(4) a reliance on agricultural selfsufficiency
January 2013
78. The treatment of untouchables in
India, the treatment of Jews during the
Holocaust, and the treatment of Chinese
student demonstrators in Tiananmen
Square are all examples of
(1) fascist policies
(2) extraterritoriality
(3) excommunication
(4) human rights violations
June 2011
79. What was a direct result of the Four
Modernizations introduced in China by Deng
Xiaoping?
(1) Freedom of speech was guaranteed.
(2) Goods and services were evenly distributed.
(3) Economic opportunities were expanded.
(4) Fewer consumer goods were produced.
August 2010
80. The gathering at Amritsar (1919), the
rallies in Soweto (1976), and the
demonstrations in Tiananmen Square
(1989) directly resulted in
(1) rejection of Western ideas
(2) promises of economic reform
(3) movements toward democracy
(4) violence against the protestors
August 2012
81. Changes in the political borders of
Eastern European countries during the
1990s were a result of the
(1) failure of communism
(2) expansion of the Warsaw Pact
(3) end of free trade
(4) decline of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
January 2012
83. The primary goal of the student protests in
Tiananmen Square (1989) was to
(1) support the policies of the Chinese Communist Party
(2) decrease the amount of Western influence in China
(3) encourage the spread of industrialization throughout
China
(4) increase political freedom and rights in China
June 2011
86. Since the end of the Cold War, what
has been the primary cause of conflicts in
Chechnya, Azerbaijan, and Bosnia?
(1) religious and ethnic tensions
(2) adoption of capitalism
(3) poor health care and starvation
(4) efforts at Russification
June 2012
93. During the Cold War, which event
occurred last?
(1) Cuban missile crisis
(2) destruction of the Berlin Wall
(3) Berlin airlift
(4) launch of Sputnik by the Soviet
Union
Vietnam’s Nationalism
Colony of France and then part of Japan’s Greater East Asia CoProsperity Sphere during WW2
Ho Chi Minh – NATIONALIST and COMMUNIST – will use guerrilla
fighters Viet Cong to free from European and US influence
Geneva Accord – 1954 (divided Vietnam at 17th parallel, but allow
free elections)
American invasion 1956-1975
Unconventional warfare – Agent Orange, Napalm, limited air
(Operation Rolling Thunder), My Lai Massacre
American anti-war sentiments –Martin Luther King’s civil rights
march, Kent State Massacre, Woodstock
US will leave Vietnam which will maintain its communist govt
June 2013
94. One way in which Miguel Hidalgo, Ho Chi
Minh, and Jomo Kenyatta are similar is that
they all were
(1) leaders of independence movements
(2) communist dictators
(3) enlightened despots
(4) advocates of liberation theology
January 2012
96. Which Southeast Asian nation fought
in wars against Japan, France, and the
United States during the 20th century?
(1) Myanmar (Burma) (3) Philippines
(2) Thailand
(4) Vietnam
Cambodia
1975-79 – Communist
Control by Pol Pot
(dictator)
Killing Fields –
intellectuals targeted,
30% of population killed
Year Zero – agrarian
society, close banks,
closed schools, no
religion, landmines to
keep people on
communes (farms)
January 2010
99. Armenians under Ottoman rule and
Cambodians under the Khmer Rouge both
experienced
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
an outbreak of the plague
human rights violations
economic sanctions
an agricultural revolution
January 2012
101. Which country was ruled by Pol Pot
and the Khmer Rouge?
(1) Afghanistan (3) Cambodia
(2) Kazakhstan (4) Bangladesh
India’s Nationalism
Previously colony of
England
Helped in WW1, but did not
get rights
Main Goal – remove foreign
control
Organizations – INC (Indian
National Congress and
Muslim League – problem is
they have religious issues
that made it hard to unite
Western-educated leaders –
Gandhi – used nonviolence or civil
disobedience (boycotts of
British textiles, marches,
fasts)
India’s Nationalism
(continued)
Amritsar Massacre – Indians were peacefully
protesting for more rights but were killed by British
General Dyer – changed Gandhi to wanting home rule
(self rule) not just equality
Salt March (1930) – Gandhi’s famous boycott of
British controlled salt works
Gained Independence from England in 1948 – but
Pakistan/Bangladesh/India split (fight over Kashmir)
based on religious tensions (Hindu vs Muslim) –
required movement of peoples
Aug 2013
104. Which statement can
best be supported by the
information on this 2003
map?
(1) India and Pakistan
have agreed on shared
borders.
(2) Several borders are in dispute between India and China.
(3) India and Nepal are currently involved in border disputes with
each other.
(4) The inhabitants of the territory claimed by both India and China
have little voice in the conflict.
January 2014
105. Which goal was most important to
the Indian nationalist movement?
(1) independence from British rule
(2) establishing a laissez-faire economy
(3) forming a totalitarian state
(4) expansion of territory
January 2013
106. Why did large numbers of Hindus and Muslims
migrate immediately after India gained its independence?
(1) Many jobs were being outsourced overseas.
(2) The government offered housing incentives in newly
developed areas.
(3) Religious pilgrimages to neighboring countries were
required based on their beliefs.
(4) The subcontinent was divided into countries based
primarily on the location of religious majorities.
June 2011
Which pair of countries that gained independence in the
20th century experienced the migration of millions of
people across their shared borders due to religious
tensions?
(1) Czech Republic and Slovakia
(2) Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
(3) Egypt and Libya
(4) India and Pakistan
August 2011
112. The Amritsar Massacre and the Salt
March are both associated with the
independence movement in
(1) Iraq
(3) China
(2) India
(4) Kenya
Turkey - Nationalism
Turkey was part of Ottoman Empire –
lost to Allied Powers in WW1. To avoid
becoming a mandate of Allies
During WW1 – Armenian Christians
killed by Muslim turks as part of ethnic
cleansing (Armenian massacre)
Mustapha Kemal “Ataturk” –
modernizes (women gain
education/vote, light industry – 5yr
plan, but not communist) and
westernizes (alphabet – forced
citizens to write in western alphabet not
Arabic, laws) /secularizes (forbid fezzes,
veils) country
Modernization in Turkey and Iran
TURKEY - Ataturk
replaced Islamic law with a
European-style law code
replaced the Muslim calendar
with the western calendar
IRAN – Reza Khan
built factories, roads, and
railroads and strengthened the
army
adopted the western alphabet
forced people to wear western
dress
forced Iranians to wear western
clothing
opened state schools
set up modern, secular schools.
encouraged industrial expansion
replaced Islamic law with secular
law
outlawed polygamy and gave
rights to women
encouraged women to take part
in public life
June 2012
115. Which reform is most closely associated
with Turkish leader Kemal Atatürk?
(1) implementation of Sharia law
(2) introduction of Arabic script
(3) establishment of a communist government
(4) adoption of Western culture
August 2013
119. Which leader is responsible for
westernizing Turkey and creating a
secular government?
(1) Kemal Atatürk
(2) Saddam Hussein
(3) Ayatollah Khomeini
(4) Anwar Sadat
Israel-Palestine Conflict
Zionism – desire for national home of Jews in
Israel
Balfour Declaration (1917) – British gave Jews
the land of Palestine to create a homeland as
thanks for help in WW1
UN creates state of Israel (1948)/refugees
PLO under Arafat – Intifada terrorism /hamas
Six Day War / Yom Kippur War (1973) / CampDavid Accord (1979)
Oslo Accord – 1993 Israel and PLO reach an
agreement calling for Palestinian autonomy in
selected areas of Israel in return for PLO
recognition of the legitimacy of the Israeli state
Road Map for Peace (2002) – by Bush – two state
division (problems Israeli settlers in Gaza; terrorist
bombings by Hamas; access to fresh water; new
wall built by Israel in 2003
June 2010
120. Which document is most closely
associated with the Arab-Israeli conflict?
(1) Balfour Declaration
(2) Kyoto Protocol
(3) Communist Manifesto
(4) Treaty of Nanjing
January 2010
“A Jewish State Is Created”
“Six-Day War Results in Major Arab Losses”
“Withdrawal Begins from West Bank”
121. Which situation is referred to in these
headlines?
(1) Persian Gulf War
(2) Scramble for Africa
(3) conflict between Israelis and Palestinians
(4) collapse of the Ottoman Empire
August 2013
122. Which letter
represents the
location of a
country created in
part as a result of
the Zionist
movement?
(1) A (3) C
(2) B (4) D
June 2011
123. The desire of the Kurds and of the
Palestinians for independent states is
based on the principle of
(1) free trade
(3) collective security
(2) nationalism
(4) modernization
August 2011
• Partition of India
• Creation of the State of Israel
• Division of Berlin
124. Which development directly resulted from each of
these events?
(1) Large numbers of people migrated.
(2) Nuclear weapons were developed.
(3) Communist governments were established.
(4) Ethnic tensions decreased.
Iranian Revolution
1979
Iran was a cornerstone of U.S. foreign
policy after WWII.
Led by pro-United States ruler
Mohammad Reza Shah, Iran built a
large military using U.S. aid and
petroleum revenues
The Shaw was overthrown in 1979 and
Iran became an Islamic Republic
(fundamentalist) (theocratic rule – laws
were Islamic) led by the Ayatollah
Khomeini (1902-1989)
Iran calls the U.S. as “the Great Satan”
Demanded the Shah stand trial
After the U.S. refused, the U.S. embassy
was occupied and the staff taken hostage
in 1979 They were released in January
1981
June 2012
126. Which statement about Shah Reza Pahlavi and the
Iranian Revolution is an opinion rather than a fact?
(1) Shah Reza Pahlavi was supported by major
Western powers.
(2) Members of the Islamic clergy opposed Shah
Reza Pahlavi.
(3) The primary cause for the revolution was the
exile of Shah Reza Pahlavi’s critics.
(4) Supporters of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
overthrew Shah Reza Pahlavi.
June 2011
127. A goal of modern-day religious fundamentalism
is to
(1) combine the religious teachings of Islam and
Christianity
(2) maintain traditional religious values in society
(3) encourage the practice of other religions
(4) adopt secular attitudes instead of religious
beliefs
January 2010
128. Which event can be considered a
conflict brought about in part by a
religious reform movement?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
World War I
Cuban Revolution
World War II
Iranian Revolution
IRAQ
Has Oil – important member of OPEC
Led by dictator – Saddam Hussein who used terror and
poison gas against Shiites and Kurds in his nation and Iran
Attacked both Iran (1979) and Kuwait (1990s) – Persian
Gulf War to get access to more oil and trade route in
Indian Ocean – US and coalition of supporters will
intervene militarily in last to keep access to oil
Saddam Hussein eventually taken out of power as part of
War on Terror by US and put on trial – will be executed.
January 2010
129. Which country best completes
this graphic organizer?
(1) Egypt
(3) Sudan
(2) Iraq
(4) Bangladesh
Latin America
During Cold War Rise of dictatorships (Good
Neighbor Policy of America – send in military
to protect American economic interests - will
lead to anti-American sentiments) –
eventually to democracies in 1980s Brazil –
Vargas w/emphasis on labor union
Cuban History
Fidel Castro – communist dictator gained
support of peasants
Bay of Pigs – US attempted to invade in
order to oust Castro.
Castro goes to USSR to get missiles
Kennedy puts up naval blockade to stop
missiles – stalemate – Cuban Missile Crisis
Castro gives up hope of missiles, US puts
embargo on sales to Cuba
January 2012
130. Fidel Castro was successful at
leading a revolution in Cuba because he
gained the support of
(1) wealthy landowners
(2) government officials
(3) peasant farmers
(4) foreign investors
June 2012
132. One way in which the Chinese Revolution
(1945–1949) and the Cuban Revolution (1956–
1959) are similar is that the leaders of both
revolutions
(1) embraced capitalist ideas
(2) rejected industrial development
(3) used peaceful methods to achieve their
goals
(4) relied on support from the peasants
June 2013
133. Which development in the history of Cuba
occurred first?
(1) The United States imposed a naval
quarantine against Cuba.
(2) The Soviet Union built missile sites in Cuba.
(3) Fidel Castro forcibly took power in Cuba.
(4) The communist government in Cuba seized
foreign properties.
Nationalism in Africa
World War I Africa
• Africa almost entirely under rule of European colonial powers during war
• Hundreds of thousands of Africans served in European armies during war
• Tens of thousands of Africans lost their lives during war
• Wartime experience increased nationalist feeling in Africa
Nationalism Grows
• Africans believed they earned
independence through wartime
sacrifices
• War caused economic hardship
• Trade with Europe dried up,
European spending in Africa
slowed
Little to Show
• Africans felt they had suffered for
Europe, had little to show for it
• No Africans involved in negotiations
of Treaty of Versailles
• Did not grant independence;
transferred Germany’s colonies
to other countries
African Nationalism
Gold Coast – renamed Ghana was first to achieve independence in
1957 led by US-educated Kwame Nkrumah
In Kenya, the Kikuyu protested the loss of their land, forced labor,
heavy taxes, and required identification cards. Jomo Kenyatta will
speak for Pan-Africanism – encouraging the Africans to improve
themselves morally so they can rightly claim equality with Europeans.
Kenya had a large European population who blocked independence –
armed revolt eventually led to independence in 1963
APARTHEID – SOUTH AFRICA
Social inequality based on race – blacks can not vote and must
have passbook identification at all time, lived in homelands
(reservations)
87% of land for whites, rest for blacks, unequal access to
education and doctors
ANC (African National Congress) – organized resistance led by
Nelson Mandela – copied Gandhi’s civil disobedience (jail,
boycotts, etc). Helped by Desmond Tutu and DeKlerk
Foreign economic sanctions (no trade) will end apartheid in
Africa
1994 Nelson Mandela will become first black president in all race
election.
Rwanda
Tutsis and Hutus – over 2,000
years same culture, single religion,
common religious beliefs, dances,
etc.
18th c. rulers began categorizing
people into those who were wealthy
– Tutsi (rich in cattle) and Hutu
(subordinate).
Marriage within tribe created genetic
characteristics: Tutsi are tall and
thin; Hutus are shorter and stronger.
When Belgians made it a colony,
gave jobs and prominence to richer
and better educated Tutsis.
Hutus Revolution
1961 – Rwanda gains
independence.
Hutus make up 80% of
population and had
political control.
March 1994 –
Government gives
firearms and machetes
to Hutu population and
told to kill the Tutsis.
Given food if they did.
• 1 million Tutsis killed in
100 days.
• United Nations workers
killed trying to keep peace
January 2014
What was the main reason refugees
fled Rwanda in the 1990s?
(1) ethnic conflict
(2) expansion of the Sahel
(3) devastation from an earthquake
(4) Cold War tensions
June 2011
Which leader is most closely associated
with Desmond Tutu and F. W. de Klerk?
(1) Jomo Kenyatta
(2) Kwame Nkruhmah
(3) Nelson Mandela
(4) Jawaharlal Nehru
August 2011
In the second half of the 20th century, what was one
action taken by both Nelson Mandela and Desmond
Tutu?
(1) protesting against apartheid in South Africa
(2) supporting the white government of Rhodesia
(3) sending troops to liberate captives in Sudan
(4) leading the independence movement in Ghana
June 2012
Which policy is the
focus of this
diagram?
(1) apartheid
(2) isolationism
3) appeasement
(4) neutrality
January 2013
What is one factor that has affected
economic development in southern
African nations in the 21st century?
(1) reliance on coffee exports
(2) equal distribution of wealth
(3) establishment of communist
governments
(4) spread of the AIDS epidemic
January 2013
F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela received the
Nobel Peace Prize for their work to end the
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
foreign control of the diamond mines
discriminatory policy of apartheid
anarchy in Somalia
Boer War
January 2014
The original goal of Pan-Africanism was to
(1) demand democratic reforms
(2) encourage ethnic rivalry
(3) promote a united Africa
(4) divide Africa into separate countries
Economics
Mixed Economies – blends communism and capitalism
(India)
Rising Outsourcing to cheaper labor (India)
Asian Tigers (fast growing markets using sweatshop labor)
Japan - forced demilitarization after WW2, lead to
economic/technology expansion, closed market only export
no imports
Latin America – cash crop during Great Depression to
import-substitution and rise of industry (Brazil)
Organizations – NAFTA (North American Free Trade Assoc)
and EU (European Union) – created to end trade barriers
and increase trade amongst members. EU will create euro
as organization’s currency. Theme of globalization and
interdependence (relying upon each other).
Korea Today
South Korea – democratic, economy
boomed in the 1980s – emphasis on
technological exports (Hyundai cars
and ships, Samsung and LG
electronics)
North Korea – economically
devastated, ruled by communist
dictators (Kim Jong Il), building up
nuclear weapons programs, isolating
itself (detain foreigners), human right
abuses (labor camps)
OPEC – Organization of
Petroleum Exporting Country
Goal – control production, supply and
price of Oil Commodity
Result – can control political events like
Oil embargo against supporters of Israel
August 2012
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC) was formed with the intent of
(1) stabilizing the supply of oil to Japan
(2) cutting off the supply of oil to the United States and
its allies
(3) increasing the supply of oil available for use
within Middle Eastern countries
(4) controlling the supply of oil to raise prices
June 2011
What have members of the European Union
(EU) and countries of the North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA) both attempted to
do?
(1) reduce regional trade barriers
(2) monopolize iron and steel production
(3) establish collective farms
(4) seize control of the production and
distribution of resources
June 2010
“Reliance on Imported Oil Raises Concerns in China, Europe,
and the United States”
“Coca-Cola Accused of Wasting Precious Water in India”
“Competition for Control of Cobalt Mines Causes Violence in
Congo”
These headlines best illustrate the economic concept of
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
inflation
embargo
boycott of goods
scarcity of resources
June 2010
Rapid industrialization in developing
nations has often resulted in
(1) little growth in urban centers
(2) decreases in the levels of pollution
(3) the continuation of traditional ideas in
the workplace
(4) a growing gap between the rich and
the poor
Technologies – Contemporary Issues
Weapons – machine gun to atomic, ethical use – chemical
and biological (North Korea and Iran trying to get
nuclear weapons – NPT attempted to stop spread)
Green Revolution – fertilizer, insecticides (increase of food
by using man-made fertilizers, etc) – ended Bengal famine in
India, but hurting bio-diversity
Computer Revolution – communication (www, google, cell
phones, social networks)
Industrial Growth causing - environmental problems like
fossil fuels and acid rain, global warming
January 2014
Which current global problem was initiated with the
development of atomic weapons?
(1) threats to world peace from unrestricted nuclear
proliferation
(2) increased health risks for humans and animals from
industrial pollution
(3) elevated carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to the
deforestation of the rainforests
(4) changes in world weather patterns and species habitats
due to melting polar ice caps
June 2013
Which issue is the
focus of this 2004
cartoon?
(1) global warming
(2) global migration
(3) ethnic tensions
(4) nuclear proliferation
January 2012
Iran and North Korea attracted worldwide
attention in the early 21st century
because they both have
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
experienced widespread famine
discovered oil reserves
strengthened humanitarian practices
developed nuclear capabilities
June 2010
One way in which the Aswan Dam in Egypt and
the Three Gorges Dam in China are similar is that both
(1) convert salt water to freshwater
(2) harness natural forces to produce energy
(3) provide fertilizers for agricultural production
(4) connect small bodies of water to larger bodies
of water
Details- Demography and the
Environment
Global diseases- AIDS, SARS, bird flu
Rapid Urbanization, especially in the less developed
countries – CHINA ONE CHILD POLICY – human right
violation
Global warming as a result of industrialization
Agricultural innovations- Green Revolution
Deforestation – Amazon Rain Forest (logging and
urbanization)
Desertification – increasing Sahara desert caused by
farming – leads to famine
Chernobyl – Nuclear Reactor Melt Down
June 2012
By the late 1970s in China, the growing
size of its population influenced the
government’s decision to
(1) encourage people to migrate to other
countries
(2) force families to work on communes
(3) engage in wars to gain territory
(4) institute a one-child policy
June 2011
The southern edge of the Sahara is
expanding in a process called
(1) annexation
(2) conservation
(3) desertification
(4) desalination
August 2010
The “one child” policy in China, established during the
late 1970s, was an attempt to
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
gain the support of the upper classes
increase tax revenue for government programs
eliminate Western influence
reduce the population growth rate
January 2012
Which issue has raised significant
environmental concerns in the Amazon
Basin?
(1) desertification (3) tsunami threats
(2) deforestation
(4) acid rain
August 2011
In Africa, a key factor that has led to
desertification is the
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
loss of animal species
burning of fossil fuels
disposal of toxic waste
overgrazing of livestock
January 2012
Many scientists believe global warming is
the direct result of
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
using solar panels
burning fossil fuels
generating nuclear power
producing hydroelectric power
January 2013
Which condition, in combination with
drought, has most directly forced the
migration of people out of the southern
regions bordering the Sahara?
(1) urbanization
(3) wildlife tourism
(2) coastal pollution (4) desertification
January 2013
What is one factor that has affected economic
development in southern African nations in the
21st century?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
reliance on coffee exports
equal distribution of wealth
establishment of communist governments
spread of the AIDS epidemic
August 2013
Which global issue is a primary threat to
biodiversity in the tropical regions of
Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and the
Amazon basin?
(1) Deforestation
(2) oil spills
(3) acid rain
(4) drought
January 2013
What is the main
idea of this cartoon?
(1) Riding a horse is more dangerous than riding in an
automobile.
(2) The use of bio-fuels made from corn will improve
automobile safety.
(3) Using corn to make bio-fuels for automobiles will
increase food shortages.
(4) Feeding corn to horses is less efficient than using it to
make fuel for automobiles
January 2014
The data on this map suggest that HIV/AIDS
(1) originated in South and Southeast Asia
(2) is declining in developing societies
(3) requires global cooperation to solve the
problem
(4) has been restricted to temperate climates
Globalization
Interdependence between countries
NAFTA (North American Free Trade
Association) – end trade barriers in North and
South America
EU (European Union) – end trade barriers in
Europe – created currency (Euro)
NATO – organization to use military to
intervene when peace is threatened by violence
UN (United Nations)– protect human rights,
tries to maintain peace
June 2010
Which statement about the United Nations is a
fact rather than an opinion?
(1) The United Nations has too many committees to be
effective.
(2) The United Nations would be more efficient if its
headquarters moved to Europe.
(3) The membership of the United Nations has
increased since its formation.
(4) The United Nations has successfully met most of its
goals.