Transcript WWII Part I



IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS
THAT TOOK POWER IN RUSSIA, ITALY,
GERMANY, AND JAPAN AFTER WWI.
SUMMARIZE THE ACTIONS TAKEN BY
AGGRESSIVE REGIMES IN EUROPE AND
ASIA.
END OF WWI REVIEW
 TREATY OF VERSAILLES
 DEMILITARIZED GERMANY
 ESTABLISHED 9 NEW COUNTRIES:
FINLAND, POLAND, CZECH, AND
YUGOSLAVIA
 GERMANY MUST SIGN THE WARGUILT CLAUSE
 RUSSIA: BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION
 COMMUNISTS GAIN POWER –
USSR (SOVIET UNION) CREATED
 1924: JOSEPH STALIN TOOK
POWER
EUROPE – AFTER WORLD WAR I
WWII IMPORTANT LEADERS TO KNOW
 GERMANY: ADOLF HITLER
 ITALY: BENITO MUSSOLINI
 JAPAN:
 HIRHITO (EMPEROR)
 HIDEKI TOJO (LEADER OF
ARMY)
 GREAT BRITAIN:
 NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN
 WINSTON CHURCHILL
 FRANCE: CHARLES DE
GAULLE
 USSR: JOSEPH STALIN
 USA: FRANKLIN D.
ROOSEVELT
1. PROBLEMS LEFT OVER
FROM WWI
EX: TREATY OF
VERSAILLES
2. TYRANNY AND
DICTATORSHIPS
3. NATIONALISM
4. MILITARISM
5. ALLIANCES

TYPE OF
GOVERNMENT
I
WHICH A SINGLE
PARTY OR LEADER
CONTROLS THE
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL
AND CULTURAL LIVES
OF THE PEOPLE.

I.E.: DICTATORSHIPS


STRESSED
NATIONALISM AND
PLACED INTERESTS
OF THE STATE ABOVE
INDIVIDUALS
Idea: power must rest with
a single strong leader and
small group of devoted
followers

LEADER: ADOLF HITLER
(1933 – CHANCELLOR)
LEADER OF THE NATIONAL
SOCIALIST GERMAN
WORKER’S PARTY (NAZI
PARTY)
 ESTABLISHED THE THIRD
REICH (3RD GERMAN
EMPIRE)


CALLED DER FÜHRER–
“THE LEADER”
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

PROMISED TO BRING GERMANY OUT OF THE
CHAOS THAT CAME FROM WWI
- TREATY OF VERSAILLES
NAZISM: BASED ON MEIN KAMPF
 GERMAN BRAND OF FASCISM
HITLER AND THE NAZIS SUPPORTED 2
THINGS:
1. “PURIFICATION” AT HOME (OF THE
GERMAN RACE)
- VIEWED GERMANS AS THE “MASTER
RACE” – BLOND HAIR, BLUE EYED ARYANS
2. “NATIONAL EXPANSION” – LEBENSRAUM
- LIVING SPACE FOR THE ENTIRE
GERMAN RACE
THE GREAT DEPRESSION HELPED HIM
COME TO POWER
 1932: 6 MILLION GERMANS WERE OUT OF WORK


BOOK WRITTEN BY HITLER
 “MY STRUGGLE”
DIVIDES HUMANS INTO
CATEGORIES BASED ON PHYSICAL
APPEARANCE.
 AT THE TOP, IS THE GERMANIC MAN
WITH HIS FAIR SKIN, BLOND HAIR AND
BLUE EYES. (ARYAN = MASTER RACE)
 REFERS TO JEWS AS PARASITES AND
MORTAL ENEMIES TO THE ARYAN
HUMANITY
 ACCUSES JEWS OF AN
INTERNATIONAL CONSPIRACY TO
CONTROL WORLD FINANCES, THE
PRESS, AND SPREADING
DISHARMONY.


1924: Vladimir Lenin died
Joseph Stalin heads the
Communist Party


Made agricultural and industrial
state controlled


“Man of Steel”
Abolished all privately owned farms
“Five year Plans”: pushed the
USSR to a powerful industrial
country

Purged anyone who disagreed (8 -13
million deaths)
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Led by Benito Mussolini
Affected by the Depression
1919: Mussolini founded the Fascist
Party



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Pushed nationalism and promised to
bring back Roman Empire
Called himself Il Duce – “the leader”
Consolidated government control and
the army under his rule
Outlawed political parties, organized
youth indoctrination groups and
suppressed strikes

1920S: INCREASED DEMOCRACY AND A
REDUCTION IN MILITARY POWER

1930S: GREAT DEPRESSION HIT CIVILIAN LEADERS
 TRADITIONAL POWERS AND MILITARY
LEADERS WERE ASSERTED
JAPAN CONTINUED CONSTITUTIONAL
MONARCHY – EMPEROR HIROHITO
IDEAS MILITARISM , IMPERIALISM, NATIONALISM


PUSHED THE JAPAN EMPIRE TO EXPAND

ALSO LIMITED NATURAL RESOURCES &
GROWING POPULATION


1931- INVADE MANCHURIA
1937- INVADE CHINA

LEAGUE OF NATIONS DOSE NOTHING!
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1933: HITLER PULLS GERMANY
OUT OF LEAGUE
 1935: STARTS BUILDING UP
MILITARY (VIOLATES
VERSAILLES)
1935: ITALY ATTACKED AND
TAKES CONTROL OF ETHIOPIA
(AFRICA)
1936: SPANISH REBELLION (LED
BY FRANCISCO FRANCO) –
TOTALITARIAN/FASCISM
 GERMANY AND ITALY HELP


MARCH, 1936 – REMILITARIZES RHINELAND
(AREA B/T RHINE RIVER & FRANCE)
OCTOBER, 1936 – ROME/BERLIN AXIS
SIGNED
 ITALY AND
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

GERMANY
NOV. 1936 – ANTI-COMINTERN SIGNED:
 ITALY, GERMANY, JAPAN
MARCH, 1938 – INVADES AUSTRIA
AUSTRIA CALLS FOR HELP – ALLIED
COUNTRIES STAY NEUTRAL!

ONLY DEMOCRATIC
NATION IN CENTRAL
EUROPE
 CREATED AFTER WWI
 MELTING POT: 1 M.
HUNGARIANS; ½ M.
RUTHENIANS; 3 M.
GERMANS
 SEPT. 12, 1938 –
HITLER DEMANDS
GERMANS OF
SUDETENLAND BE
GIVEN FREEDOM
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
GB PRIME MINISTER, NEVILLE
CHAMBERLAIN, MEETS
W/HITLER TO AVOID CRISIS –
9/15/38
HITLER DEMANDS SUDETEN;
CHAMBERLAIN APPEASES HIM

APPEASEMENT: POLICY OF GIVING
AGGRESSOR NATIONS WHAT THEY
WANT IN ORDER TO AVOID WAR


HITLER NOW SAYS HE NEEDS ALL
OF CZECH
CZECH MOBILIZES FOR WAR

SEPT. 29, 1938 – MUNICH CONFERENCE
 MUSSOLINI, HITLER, CHAMBERLAIN,
AND FRENCH PREMIER EDUARD
DALADIER
 CZECH NOT EVEN INVITED!
 MUSSOLINI OFFERS “COMPROMISE”
 GIVE HITLER SUDETEN (NW CZECH) &
HE PROMISES NO MORE AGGRESSION


GB & FRANCE ACCEPT
 DO NOT WANT PROBLEMS
CHAMBERLAIN PROCLAIMS HE HAS
ENSURED, “PEACE IN OUR TIME.”
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MARCH 15, 1939 – GERMANY TAKES CONTROL OF
NW CZECH (SUDETEN)
ONE WEEK LATER….HE TAKES ALL OF W. CZECH
WESTERN ALLIES MOBILIZE FOR WAR!!