Transcript blitzkrieg - Cleveland History

World War II
(1939-1945)
▪ The Rise of rulers with total power in
Europe & Asia led to WWII. Using the
sudden mass attack called blitzkrieg,
German invaded and quickly
conquered many European countries.
During the Holocaust, the Nazis
systematically executed 6 million
Jews and 5 million other “nonAryans.” In response to the fighting in
Europe, the U.S. provided economic
& military aid to help the Allies
achieve victory.
Essential Question
How did the rise
of dictators
contribute to the
outbreak of World
War II?
Objectives
▪ Identify the types of governments that took power in Russia,
Italy, Germany and Japan after World War I.
▪ Explain Hitler’s motives for expansion and how Britain &
France responded.
▪ Describe the blitzkrieg tactics that Germany used against
Poland.
▪ Describe the American response to the Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor.
Dictators threaten world peace.
▪ 1930s’ Europe was led by dictators in Germany (Adolf Hitler),
Italy (Benito Mussolini), and the Soviet Union (Joseph Stalin).
Mussolini ruled his country through fascism, which stressed
nationalism & placed the interests of the state above those of
individuals. Hitler combined fascism with Nazism, extreme
nationalism and racial superiority, to his style of government.
Stalin ran a totalitarian government that tried to exert
complete control over its citizens.
Comparing Totalitarian Regimes
Fascist Italy
Nazi Germany
Communist USSR
Extreme nationalism
Militaristic Expansion
Extreme nationalism & Strong communist state
waiting for revolution
racism
Militaristic Expansion Workers revolt
Charismatic leader
Forceful leader
Working class rule
(Supposedly)
Private property w/ strong Private property w/ strong State ownership of
government control
government control
property.
Anticommunist
Anticommunist
War in Europe
▪ Hitler united Germany with Austria and began to reclaim territory
from France and Czechoslovakia. Neville Chamberlain, British Prime
Minister, tried to use appeasement, giving up principles to pacify and
aggressor, to halt Hitler’s expansion. Hitler then reached the
nonaggression pact, agreement to not attack, with Stalin. Winston
Churchill, the new British Prime Minister, stood up to Hitler and his
blitzkrieg, utilizing fast tanks & more powerful aircraft.
Major European Battles (1939-1941)
Battle
Overview
Outcome
Blitzkrieg in Poland
-September 1, 1939
Starting battle of WWII and 1st
use of Germany’s “Lightning
War.” The Soviet Union then
attacked the eastern part of
Poland.
Germany conquered Poland in
3 weeks along with its millions
of Jews. Britain and France
declare war on Germany.
Fall of France
- Spring 1940
Germans swarm through
France & trap 400,000 British
and French soldiers at Dunkirk.
June 22, 1940 France
surrenders.
France controlled by Germany.
Charles de Gaulle leads FreeFrance from England.
Germans set to attack England
from French coast.
Battle of Britain
- Summer 1940
Germans attack England from
the skies bombing London for
2 months straight. England
used Radar to beat back the
German Luftwaffe.
Germans abandoned their
planned invasion of England
and looked towards Russia.
-”Never was so much owed
by so many to so few.”
The Holocaust
▪During the
Holocaust, the Nazis
systematically
executed 6 million
Jews and 5 million
other “non-Aryans.”
Objectives
▪ Explain the reasons behind the Nazis’ persecution
of the Jews and the problems facing Jewish
refugees.
▪ Describe the Nazis’s “final solution” to the Jewish
problem and the horrors of the Holocaust.
▪ Identify and describe the profound and lasting
effects of the Holocaust on survivors.
Defining the Holocaust
▪ Textbook: The systematic murder of 6 million Jews across Europe.
▪ U.S. Holocaust Museum: The systematic, bureaucratic, statesponsored persecution and murder of approximately 6 million Jews by
the Nazi regime and its collaborators.
▪ Yad Vashem: Unprecedented genocide, total and systematic,
perpetrated by Nazi Germany and its collaborators, with the aim of
annihilating the Jewish people.
▪ Imperial War Museum: The systematic and wholesale slaughter of 2/3
of Jews in Europe by the Nazis and their collaborators between 19391945.
Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews as a group
or Jews as a concept.
In the beginning…
▪ Kristallnacht
– Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes,
businesses, and synagogues across Germany &
Austria.
▪ Ghetto
– Segregated Jewish areas in certain Polish cities.
Hitler’s “Final Solution”
▪ Concentration Camps
– Originally prisons for political opponents turned
into death camps by the SS (Hitler’s
Bodyguards).
▪ Genocide
– The Deliberate and systematic killing of an entire
population.
Exit Slip
1.What happened during Kristallnacht?
2.Briefly describe the ghettos into which many
Jews were forcibly relocated?
3.Briefly describe the conditions for prisoners in
Nazi concentration camps.
4.What is Genocide?
5.Describe the “Final Solution”.