Transcript “The Dictators”

“The Dictators”
Pictures taken from www.wikipedia.org
Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, and Tojo: The
men behind the start of WWII.
Presentation created by Terry Newman
Forward
A Brief Overview…
Throughout this Power Point you will have the opportunity to
learn more about the dictators who had an immediate impact on
the start of WWII and determine, specifically, what each of the
men contributed to the uneasy international stage of the 1930’s.
We will also determine to what extent the failures of the Big Four
at the Treaty of Versailles had in creating a tenuous political,
militaristic, and social situation in Germany. Before we begin,
consider the following questions…
 Why did the United States want to return to “normalcy?”
 How did the Great Depression effect American foreign policy?
Why didn’t the United States intervene in Japanese and
German expansion?
 What is Fascism? Click here to find out…
 Do you think WWII could have been stopped? How?
Forward
For the most part, American response to Fascist aggression
was virtually nonexistent. Throughout the 1930’s America and
the Roosevelt Administration was concerned about it’s own
Economic well-being, rather than wider world affairs. With
American unemployment at 25% nationwide, you can see why
Roosevelt was more concerned with domestic affairs.
American Response to Fascist
Aggression
As WWII grew closer, however, America did begin a modest
building up of its military. The Roosevelt Administration also
supported the Allies in Europe with weapons (Lend-Lease,
Cash and Carry) and instituted economic sanctions against an
expansionist Japan.
Forward
Fascist States
Nations with one party in control (prevalent in Europe and Asia prior to WWII)
-Uses idea of Nationalism and Revenge to gain support
-Promise the promotion of their country at the expense of
“lesser” peoples (Germany-Jews, Japanese-Chinese)
-The greater the crisis, the greater the demand for leadership
-Provide scapegoats for the problems of their country
-Party control of everything + Dictator = False propaganda to
gain support
-Crushes all opposition
-Imperialism to increase strength and increase pride in their
country – leads to other conflicts
-Generally a very militaristic government and society
Notice that all of the causes of WWI will be in existence at the start of WWII
in 1939. Many of these (Nationalism, Militarism, and Imperialism) are at the
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center of these Totalitarian governments
Adolf Hitler
Benito
Mussolini
Joseph Stalin
Hideki Tojo
How did he take
power?
How did he take
power?
How did he take
power?
How did he take
power?
What were his
beliefs?
What were his
beliefs?
What were his
beliefs?
What were his
beliefs?
How did he effect
world politics?
How did he effect
world politics?
How did he effect
world politics?
How did he effect
world politics?
What was his lasting
impact?
What was his
lasting impact?
Militarism
Militarism
Main Slide
What was his lasting What was his lasting
impact?
impact?
Works Cited
Militarism
Militarism
Adolf Hitler - How did he take power?
1923 - Hitler attempted to take control of a struggling
Germany through the “Beer Hall Putsch.” He failed and was
arrested. In jail he wrote “Mein Kampf ” exposing his political
ideology. He was considered harmless and was released in
1924.
1932 - Defeated von Hindenburg in national election. Hitler
was the Chancellor of Germany.
1934 - Hitler declares himself the “Fuhrer
of Germany taking dictatorial power.
1938 - Anschluss with Austria (Outlawed
by Treaty of Versailles
1939 - Invasion of Poland and start of WWII
German propaganda
Hitler as a young soldier in WWI
Picture taken from www.wikipedia.org
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Adolf Hitler - Beliefs
Hitler believed the Treaty of Versailles was a result of
German leaders betraying the German people. He thought
Germany would, one day, have a reemergence as a world
power.
Click here to view the goals of the Third Reich
Picture taken from http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/sgt_stryker/hitler.gif
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Adolf Hitler - Effect on world politics
Hitler had an immediate and direct impact on
politicians around the world. Some admired his
beliefs and convictions, others saw a dangerous man
who would, one day, have a direct impact on the
Taken from
death of 52 million people. Allied leaders in Europe Picture
www.time.com
made an attempt to appease Hitler in 1938 when
they signed the Munich Agreement. Click here to
view a brief description of the Munich Pact.
Click here to see German Expansion throughout the late 1930’s.
Click here to view the Munich Pact in its entirety.
Picture Taken from
en.wikipedia.org
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Adolf Hitler - Lasting Impact
The name Adolf Hitler is,
today, synonymous with hate
and genocide. The war he
helped to start is the
bloodiest war in human
history. There are,
unfortunately, still people
today who follow the
principles of Nazism. The
German people are still
haunted by the actions of the
Nazi government.
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Adolf Hitler and Militarism
Above all else, Hitler believed in the
military superiority of the German
empire. His fighting techniques,
such as blitzkrieg, threatened to
overthrow Europe in only a year.
Picture taken from www.malispina.com
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Benito Mussolini - How did he take
power?
1921 - Entered Parliament after having been defeated in 1919
1922 - Became premier of Italy
1925 - Mussolini declared Italy a fascist dictatorship and took
control over society, politics, and economics, as well as the
military.
Picture taken from http://cidc.library.cornell.edu/dof/italy/captioned/horse.htm
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Benito Mussolini - Beliefs
Mussolini was in favor of state control of economics, society,
and that the political system should be in the hands of few.
He was opposed to Communism and was very Militaristic. He
directly influenced Hitler and the Nazi’s.
Picture taken from http://www.comandosupremo.com/Mussolini.html
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Benito Mussolini - Effect on world
politics.
Possibly Mussolini’s most direct and lasting
impact was not in Italy, but his influence on
Hitler and Nazism. He created the first Fascist
government and was
allied with Germany
throughout WWII.
Picture taken from
http://www.comandosupre
mo.com/Mussolini.html
Picture taken from http://members.telering.at/pat/muss.jpg
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Benito Mussolini - Lasting Impact
Known as Il Duce- “the Chief ”
Italian Imperialism
-Moves to remake Roman
Empire (Restore Rome
to time of Caesars)
-Make the Mediterranean an
“Italian Lake”
Same government controls of everything as
in Germany
-Hailed by the people because he
“Made the trains run on time”
Picture taken from
http://home.comca
st.net/~lowe9101/
mussolini/
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Benito Mussolini and Militarism
The Italian army was not known for being a
preeminent power during WWII. The Nazi
German Empire was forced to defend Italy
against Allied advances. Mussolini did, however,
extend the Italian empire, especially into Africa.
Picture taken from
http://home.comcast.net/~lowe9101/mussolini/
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Joseph Stalin - How did he take power?
Picture taken from
en.wikipedia.org
Trotsky
After the death of the first Communist
dictator in the Soviet Union, Vladimir
Lenin, there was a power struggle between
Stalin and Trotsky. Stalin won out and
immediately set out to diminish any struggle
for power. He further abolished all
opposition and sent political prisoners to
“re-education” camps. By 1928 Stalin was
undoubtedly the leader of the Soviet Union.
Stalin
Bukharin
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Joseph Stalin - Beliefs
 Five Year Plans - Goals for the
Communist state (industrial economic)
 Collectivization of Agriculture
 Increase Soviet knowledge in the
Picture taken from en.wikipedia.org
sciences (Space Race after WWII)
 Believed in military superiority over the United States (buildup of nuclear weapons)
Click here to read a biographical sketch (timeline included) of
Stalin
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Joseph Stalin - Effect on world politics
Picture taken from en.wikipedia.org
The effect of Stalin on world politics is virtually impossible to
overstate. He led the Soviet Union through domestic
instability (not always well) while fighting against Hitler in
WWII, the United States in the Cold War, and trying to gain
alliances with developing countries throughout the world.
The United States essentially based its foreign policy around
that of the Soviet Union, and vice-versa, for 50 years.
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Joseph Stalin - Lasting Impact
The lasting impact of Stalin is one of controversy. Millions of
men and women died under his rule of an steel fist. He led the
Soviet Union until his death in 1953. He left the United States
and Soviet Union embroiled in a battle for world supremacy
which would last until 1991.
Click here to view a
biographical perspective
on Joseph Stalin.
Picture taken from http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/stalin/
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Joseph Stalin and Militarism
Stalin believed in having a large military. When
the Soviet Union was invaded by Nazi Germany
in June of 1941 Stalin started a build-up of the Soviet army
which would last for several decades.
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Hideki Tojo - How did he take power?
1920’s - Tojo works his way up the military ladder in Japan.
1930’s - Led troops in battle in China
1940 - Appointed War Minister
1941 - Emperor Hirohito elevates Tojo to the post of Prime
Minister
Click here to see a history of Japan
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Hideki Tojo - Beliefs
Tojo believed in the Racial Superiority
of the Japanese people, especially over
the Chinese. He was also ultranationalistic as well as very militaristic.
He wanted to expand the Japanese
empire throughout the Pacific Rim.
Picture taken from
http://www.bibl.uszeged.hu/bibl/mil/ww2/who/tojo.h
tml
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Hideki Tojo - Effect on world politics
When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on
December 7,
1941, Tojo became public
enemy number
one in the United States.
Throughout his tenure
as Prime Minister
he increased alliances
with the Axis
powers in Europe and
Picture taken from www.trumanlibrary.org
extended military
control
over Japanese
Society and the Pacific Rim. Tojo was executed for war crimes
in 1948.
Click here to see Japanese Military Expansion
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Hideki Tojo - Lasting Impact
Hideki Tojo is, today, known as a man
who led the Japanese into WWII against
the United States. He is credited for
increasing Japanese military, industrial,
and imperialistic capacity, but also saw
the end of Japanese society as it was
known before 1945.
Picture taken from
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.
co.uk/2WWtojo.htm
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Hideki Tojo and Militarism
Tojo and the Japanese military commanders
believed Japan to be invincible. For hundreds
of years the Japanese mainland was not
successfully invaded. Japan extended its empire throughout
the Pacific Rim and had visions of going quite a bit farther.
Click here to view see the Pacific Theater of WWII.
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Works Cited
Bragdon, H., McCutchen, S., Ritchie, D. (1998). History of a Free Nation. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Boyer, P., Clark, C., Hawley, S., Kett, J., Salisbury, N., Sitkoff, H., Woloch, N. (1998). The
Enduring Vision: A History of the American People. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Retrieved May 18, 2006 from http://www.fsmitha.com/h2/map10eu.htm
Retrieved May 18, 2006 from
http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/ww2%20europe
/ww2%20europe%20pages/ww2%20europe%20map%2002.htm
Retrieved May 22, 2006 from www.wikipedia.org
Retrieved May 22, 2006 from http://cidc.library.cornell.edu/dof/italy/captioned/horse.htm
Retrieved May 22, 2006 from http://home.comcast.net/~lowe9101/mussolini/
Retrieved May 23, 2006 from
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/sgt_stryker/hitler.gif
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Works Cited
Retrieved June 3, 2006 from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWtojo.htm
Retrieved June 3, 2006 from http://www.bibl.u-szeged.hu/bibl/mil/ww2/who/tojo.html
Retrieved June 3, 2006 from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pacific/index.html
Retrieved May 25, 2006 from http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/munich1.htm
Retrieved May 25, 2006 from
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/stalin/
Retrieved May 25, 2006 from www.bbc.co.uk
Home
German Expansion prior to 1941
Maps taken from http://www.fsmitha.com/h2/map10eu.htm &
http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/ww2%20europe/ww2%20europe%20pages/ww2%20europe%20
map%2002.htm
Link to the beginning of WWII through a timeline (UCSD)
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Italian Expansion prior to 1941
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Japanese Expansion prior to 1942
Japan
USA
Link to Japanese expansion before December 7, 1941
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Japanese Flag
Flag of Japanese Navy and Army
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American GDP during the Great
Depression
$10,000
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
$0
1929
1931
1933
1935
1937
1939
1941
Why might we see the GDP increasing in the 1940’s?
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Nazi Germany - Hitler
Germany was led by Adolf Hitler who was known as “Der Fuhrer” or The Leader
Takes control of German Political system as dictator
1. Assumes all power after being given position of chancellor by Von 
Hindenbergh in 1933
-Hindenbergh gave Hitler post in an attempt to unify government
-Reichstag was controlled by Hitler’s party as well
-Nazi- National Socialist German Worker’s Party
First move is to wipe out all Opposition
1. Burning of the Reichstag
-Nazis set fire and frame radicals (Communists)
-Nazis given power to rule all of Germany
-Hitler ordered the arrest of Communists,
All other opposition is scared away
Hitler’s Secret police, the Gestapo, forced an alliance to the Nazi Party
Propaganda Machine
1. Joseph Goebbels - Minister of Propaganda
-Propaganda - Information of a biased or misleading nature, used to
promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view
-Lied to people to gain support, promoted hatred of Jews, called for
support of the Third Reich
-Promoted the hatred of Jews
Nazi Germany - Hitler
Nazi Imperialism
-goal was to create the Third Reich - 3rd German Empire
Lebensraum - living space for German speaking people
Anschluss - Union with Austria & annex Sudentenland
-Imperialism started under excuse of protecting Germans under Hitler
Racism of the Nazis
-Jews not only group that was considered inferior
Gypsies, disabled, homosexuals, non-German’s, Communists
Final Solution - ridding Germany of the above groups
Played on poor conditions of the time
-Promised through Propaganda that the effects of the Great Depression
would be solved in the Nazi plan was followed
-Gave people hope
-Wanted revenge after Treaty of Versailles of 1919 (felt Germany was
betrayed and never truly beaten) Hitler believes the Treaty is just a “piece
of paper”
Hitler as a young soldier in WWI
Communist Russia - Stalin
The Soviet Union was led by Joseph Stalin who is known as the “Man of Steel”
Originally from Georgia and his name was Joseph Vissarionovich Djugashvili
Wanted to make model Communist nation
-Controlled everything under the communist system
-Reform of industry and agriculture
Collectivization of Agriculture
-Large, state owned and run farms too land from people and enslaved
farmers to work at the large farms - led to starvation
Soviet Union as an Industrial Power
-”Five Year Plans” - fixed quotas for industrial production
-Made Soviet Union 3rd greatest industrial nation in the world
Secret Police forced adherence to Communist System
-KGB is his spy organization at
home and abroad
-Those found criticizing the system
were sent to Siberia for “re-education”
-Reconstruction (“Five Year Plans”) and
persecution led to mass death and
executions (Estimated that 8-13 million died
due to actions of Stalin
No Imperliastic gains until after USSR becomes powerful
Hitler during WWI
www.wikipedia.org
Propaganda in Nazi Germany
This is an example of Nazi propaganda where Hitler is shown
as the nation’s savior.
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