Transcript Chapter 25: The United States in World War II

Chapter 25: The United States in
World War II
Common Finals
Common Essay
The War in the Pacific 25.3
• The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide
– Japanese Advances: in the 6 months after Pearl Harbor.
Japanese conquer an empire that dwarfed that of Hitler’s
Third Reich. Dec. 1941, Douglas MacArthur commands
forces on the Philippine Islands.
– Doolittle’s Raid: Spring 1942 Lt. Col. James Doolittle led 16
bombers on a raid of Tokyo.
– Battle of the Coral Sea: May 1942, 5 day battle, stopped
invasion of Jap. To Australia.
– The Battle of Midway: Jap stopped from taking island of
Midway. Turning point of war for Allies, they can now
island hop taking back islands from Japanese control.
The War in the Pacific 25.3
• The Allies go on the offensive
– The Japanese Defense
• Kamikaze or suicide-plane attacks.
– Iwo Jima: Allies fight to take island, which would
provide a supply place to attack Japan. They win.
– The Battle of Okinawa: Last island needed to
attack Japan. Taken June 21, 1945.
The War in the Pacific 25.3
• The Atomic Bomb Ends the War
– The Manhattan Project: Led by General Leslie
Groves and research directed by scientist J. Robert
Oppenheimer. 1st bomb test July 16, 1945. July
25, 1945 Truman orders military to prepare for
bombing of Japanese target cities. Next day he
warns Japan to surrender or face “prompt and
utter destruction.”
– Hiroshima and Nagasaki:
• Aug. 6, B-29 Enola Gay released Little Boy on Hiroshima
• 3 days later, Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki.
• Sept 2, Japan Officially Surrenders.
The War in the Pacific 25.3
• Rebuilding Begins
– The Yalta Conference: Feb. 1945. Churchill,
Roosevelt, and Stalin meet to toast the impending
defeat of Germany and to discuss the fate of the
German country.
– The Nuremberg War Trials: Nazi leaders are put
on trial for their crimes against humanity, crimes
against peace, and war crimes.
– The Occupation of Japan: MacArthur occupies
Japan for 7 years reshaping and rebuilding the
country and it’s economy.
The Home Front 25.4
• Opportunity and Adjustment
– Economic Gains: During War Effort . . .
• Unemployment fell, pay rose, farmers profited, women
worked, etc.
– Population shifts: war triggered one of the
greatest mass migrations in world history. More
than million came to California between 1941-44.
– Social Adjustments:
• Families readjust to returning fathers.
• GI Bill of Rights – provided education and training for
veterans, paid for by the fed. Gov. 7.8 million veterans
attended college/tech schools under the bill.
The Home Front 25.4
• Discrimination and Reaction
– Civil Rights Protests: 1942 Civil right leader James Farmer
founded an interracial organization called the Congress Of
Racial Equality (CORE). Staged it’s first sit-in at a
segregated Chicago restaurant.
– Tension in Los Angeles: “Zoot-suit” riots began when 11
sailors claimed they were attacked by zoot-suit wearing
Mex. Am. This was the clothes worn by Mex. Am. Youth as
a sign of their rebellion against tradition.
• Internment (confinement) of Japanese Americans
– Millions of Jap. Am. Confined during the war, their homes
seized, land sold, etc. Out of fear they would side with
Japan. Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) pushed
gov. to compensate those sent to the camps for their lost
property.