Transcript How did aggressive world powers emerge, and what did it take to

Unit Essential Question: How did aggressive world powers emerge,
and what did it take to defeat them during World War II?
AIM: What events unfolded between Chamberlain’s declaration
of “peace for our time” and the outbreak of a world war?
Do Now:
Rhineland Occupation Poker Game
-Get your bluff ready-
France
Britain
 You lost nearly two million men
in the Great War
 You lost nearly a million men in the
Great War
 Your economy is in bad shape.
 Your economy is in bad shape.
 There are political riots on your
streets daily.
 You have just signed a naval treaty
with Germany.
 You are not sure if the British
will support you.
 You can’t see how a militarised
Rhineland is any threat to Britain.
 The Rhineland is indisputably
part of Germany.
 You don’t trust the French to fight.
 The German army appears very
strong.
Neville Chamberlain
September 1938
“For the second time in our
history, a British Prime
Minister has returned from
Germany bringing peace with
honor. I believe it is peace for
our time…Go home and get a
nice quiet sleep.”
Aggression Goes Unchecked
1930s Pattern: Dictators took
aggressive action but met only
verbal protests and pleas for
peace from the democracies.
Japan Overruns Manchuria
and Eastern China
Appeasement
-giving in to the demands
of an aggressor in order
to keep the peace.
Italy Invades Ethiopia
Hitler Goes Against the
Treaty of Versailles
Pacifism
-opposition to all war
Rome – Berlin – Tokyo
Axis Powers
Spain Collapses into Civil War
1936 Francisco Franco begins
Civil War
Nationalists vs. Loyalists
(Communists, Socialists, and those
for democracy)
Both sides committed horrible
atrocities
Ex: German Air Raid on Guernica
Franco sets up fascist
dictatorship
German Aggression Continues
Hitler continues goal of
bringing all German-speaking
people into Third Reich
Austria Annexed 1938
Anschluss: union of
Germany & Austria
The Czech Crisis
Sudetenland: region of
Western Czechoslovakia
Munich Pact 1938
Winston Churchill “They had to choose
between war and dishonor. They chose
dishonor; they will have war.”
Europe Plunges Toward War
Nazi-Soviet Pact:
nonaggression pact with his
great enemy – Joseph Stalin
Public: bound to peaceful
relations
Private: not to fight if the other
went to war and to divide up
Poland and rest of Eastern
Europe
NOT BASED ON
FRIENDSHIP OR RESPECT
BUT ON MUTUAL NEED
SEPTEMBER 1ST 1939
INVASION OF POLAND
Let’s Summarize….
 How did the start of WWII compare to
the start of WWI?
 What’s the same? What’s different this
time? What is at stake?
AIM: Which regions were attacked and
occupied by the Axis powers, and what was
life like under their occupation?
Do Now:
Answer yesterday’s AIM: What events unfolded between
Chamberlain’s declaration of “peace for our time” and the outbreak
of a world war?
The Axis Attacks
 Sept 1st 1939, Nazi forces storm into Poland
 Blitzkrieg “lightning war”
 Britain & France have to declare war on Germany
 Miracle of Dunkirk- raises British morale
 France Falls – surrenders June 22, 1940
 Moving on to Britain - Operation Sea Lion,
Germany Launches the Blitz
 Hitler Fails to Take Britain
 Africa and the Balkans – Italy and Germany take
North Africa, Greece, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Hungary
Germany Invades the Soviet Union
June 1941 – Hitler nullified the NaziSoviet pact
Operation Barbarossa – 3 million
Germans invade Soviet Union
Siege of Leningrad – two and a half
year attempt, city never falls to the
Germans, Hitler failed to conquer
Russia
Stalin urges Churchill to help, two
powers agree to work together
Life Under Nazi and Japanese Occupation
The Holocaust
1) This was the event during World War II in which
Hitler and the Nazis tried to kill all Jews in Europe.
6 million Jews and 6 million non-Jews were killed
during this event.
2) The Holocaust is an example of genocide- the
attempt to exterminate (kill off) an entire group of
people. All genocides are considered human rights
violations.
Japan’s Brutal Conquest
1) Mission “help Asians escape Western colonial rule”
2) Real Goal – create Japanese empire in Asia
3) Tortured and killed Chinese, Filipinos, Malaysians,
etc.
Japan Attacks the United
States
United States declared its neutrality
in 1939
By March 1941, American
involvement grows through
Lend-Lease Program
December 7th 1941 Attack on Pearl
Harbor
Declare war on Japan
December 11th – Germany and
Italy declare was on US
Let’s Summarize…
“In Class they came first for the students with 58s, and I didn't speak up because I didn’t have
a 58.
Then they came for the 65s, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a 65.
Then they came for the 75s, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a 75.
Then they came for the 85s, and I didn't speak up because I was a 95.
Then they came for me, and by that time no one was left to
speak up.”
--Teacher Krista Rappoccio, 2015
AIM: How did the Allies begin
to push back the Axis powers?
Do Now: How do you feel walking into class today?
George S. Patton
 After WWI he was promoted
through the ranks over the next
several decades, he reached the high
point of his career during World
War II, when he led the U.S. 7th
Army in its invasion of Sicily and
swept across northern France at
the head of the 3rd Army in the
summer of 1944.
The Big Three
1943 – Tehran, Iran
Desert Fox and the Ike
General Erwin Rommel
German Field Marshal
General Dwight Eisenhower
American General
June 6, 1944
Invasion of Normandy, 1944
The Allies invaded France on June 6,
1944, also known as D-Day. Allied
troops were ferried across the
English Channel, landing on the
beaches of Normandy. They broke
through German defenses to advance
toward Paris and freed France from
German control. The Allies then
moved from France into Germany.
Battle of the Bulge
December 1944
Yalta Conference
 February 1945 – Big Three make agreement that
1. the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan within three months of
Germany’s surrender.
2. Soviets would take possession of new lands
3. Germany gets divided into four zones
4. Free elections in Eastern Europe
AIM: How did the Allies
finally defeat the Axis powers?
Do Now: Three Wartime Ethical Decisions
What would you do?
Do Now
You are the president of the United States—
Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. Your
country is at total war. Five years ago you signed an
international treaty outlawing the use of poisonous
gas on the battlefield. Your opponent has also
signed this treaty. Now you are losing the war and
facing a shortage of conventional weapons and
soldiers. Intelligence reports indicate the enemy will
be mounting a major offensive against your army in
seven days. This greater force will have the
advantage in men, vehicles, artillery, and
ammunition. Your Army Chief of Staff informs
you that your army could equalize conditions on
the battlefield by firing artillery shells loaded with
surplus poison gas at the advancing enemy army.
What would you do?
You are Chief of Intelligence for OSS (the forerunner of the
CIA). Your agents in the field have captured an enemy agent
working deep inside your office as a double agent. You
suspect that he has vital information about the enemy’s
production of a nuclear bomb. The information he could
provide about where the bomb is being built may allow you
to destroy the factory, saving tens of thousands of lives. He
refuses to answer any of your questions. What would you
do?
You work for the British Intelligence—MI-6. Your office has
secretly cracked the German Enigma code—a program you call
Ultra—which allows you to listen in on much of the secret
German communication. On November 12, 1940, you intercept
German messages describing Operation Moonlight Sonata—an
air raid in great strength for the night of November 14/15, 1940,
against the cathedral and industrial city of Coventry. You have
only days to act on the information. But anything you do will alert
the Germans that you had foreknowledge of the raid—probably
from breaking their Enigma code. Germany will then change the
code system that will eliminate any future information being
retrieved. What would you do?
Nazi’s Defeated
V-E Day: Victory in Europe
May 8th 1945
Why did Germany ultimately lose?
1. Geography: Because of
location, Germans had to fight
on several fronts simultaneously
2. Hitler made some poor
military decisions
3. Enormous productive
capacity of the United States
Struggle for the Pacific
 By May 1942, the Japanese had gained
control of most of Southeast Asia &
many Pacific Islands
 Bataan Death March –Philippines
 United States finally takes the offensive
by late 1942
 “island-hopping”: goal of campaign
was to recapture some Japanese-held
islands while bypassing others
 General Douglas MacArthur and
Admiral Chester Nimitz
Invasion or the Bomb?
Turn to a partner and create a list of positives for both – minimum three bullet points for
each.
Atomic Bomb Facts:
-a medium sized high explosive WW2 Bomb weighed 500 kilos
-1945: the A bomb dropped on Hiroshima contained the atomic
equivalent of 13,000 tons of high explosive
-1950: an early “themo-nuclear” Hydrogen bomb of the early
1950s would have been approximately 1000 times more powerful
than the Hiroshima bomb
WWII
BOMB
DAMAGE
Defeat for Japan
 1944 – Kamikaze pilots (who
undertake suicide missions)
 Manhattan Project – code name for
researching/testing atomic bomb
 Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
 August 8th, 1945 – Soviet Union
declares war on Japan & invades
Manchuria
 Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
 August 10, 1945: Emperor Hirohito
forces government to surrender
 September 2, 1945 – official peace
treaty signed
Nagasaki - Aftermath
The use of the atomic bomb was necessary to end World War II.
The use of nuclear weapons is ethically/morally acceptable.
Immediate Effects of the
Dropping of the Atomic Bomb
Exit
 How do the Allies avoid the mistakes of
1919 and build the foundations for a
stable world peace?
AIM: What issues arose in the
aftermath of World War II and how
did new tensions develop?
Do Now: How do the Allies avoid the mistakes of 1919 and
build the foundations for a stable world peace?
The War’s Aftermath
Horrors of the Holocaust
War Crimes Trials
Nuremberg: 200 Germans
and Austrians were tried,
and most were found
guilty.
Handful of top Nazis
received death penalty
Establishing the United Nations
April 1945 – United Nations
Organization to take on
world’s problems
More than just peacekeeping
Greater role in world affair
than its predecessor, the
League of Nations
50 nations convened and
joined General Assembly
The Alliance Breaks Apart
 End of WWII, US and USSR emerge
as the two world leaders
 Differences Grow Between Allies
 Cooperation was only to defeat Nazis
 Reparations in Germany & nature of
governments in Eastern Europe cause
divisions to deeper
 The Cold War Begins
New Conflicts Develop
 Truman Doctrine: March 12, 1947
rooted in the idea of containment,
limit communism as much as
possible
 The Marshall Plan: US offers
massive aid package
 Declined by Stalin
 Germany stays divided (look to
picture on left)
 Berlin Airlift:
New Conflicts Develop
 NATO: North Atlantic
Treaty Organization
 Members pledge to help one
another if any one of them
were attacked
 Warsaw Pact: invoked by
Stalin to keep satellites in
order
Human Rights
http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/what-are-human-rights.html