Transcript WWII PowerPoint notes - Whitewater Middle School

7th Grade Social Studies
12-1 The Road to War
Essential Question: How did dictators
acquire and expand power in Europe in
the 1930s?
 Dictators– leaders that control their nations by force
What is Fascism?
 Run by a dictator
 Power is in the hands of the military
 Demands patriotism
 Industries owned by private ownershirts
Italian fascist leader Benito Mussolini
What is Communism?
 Authoritarian party holds the power
 Everyone is the same –no high, middle or lower class
 Industries are owned by the government-there is no
competitioner
Josef Stalin
Russian communist leader
Joseph Stalin
Nazi Germany- Adolf Hitler
 Totalitarian State-leaders control all areas of society
 Hitler’s book-Mein Kampf (My Struggle), explains
Germany’s downfall and his ideas to take Germany to
greatness
 Hitler’s first followers were the Brown Shirts, SA-could be
anyone, hoodlums, thugs, etc.
 SS (led by Heinrich Himmler) replaced the SA with people
that had influence, money, etc.
 Hitler’s political police-Gestapo
Hitler continued
Under his leadership:
 German economy improved
 People were going back to work
 Anyone that spoke out against the government or
Hitler’s ideals was either put in a concentration camp or
killed
 10 million “undesirables” were killed
 Concentration and death camps were built in Germany
and neighboring countries
Hitler continued
Under his leadership:
 German economy improved
 People were going back to work
 Anyone that spoke out against the government or
Hitler’s ideals was either put in a concentration camp or
killed
 10 million “undesirables” were killed
 Concentration and death camps were built in Germany
and neighboring countries
What caused World
War II?
12-2 War Begins
 Germany attacks Poland on September 1, 1939
 Britain and France warned Germany to withdraw from
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Poland
Hitler does not listen
Britain and France declare war on Germany (9-3)
Hitler’s war strategy-Blitzkrieg (means Lightning War)
Luftwaffe-German Air Force
Panzer- German Tank
R.A.F. -Royal Air Force
(Great Britain)
Allied Powers vs. Axis Powers
Great Britain
France
Soviet Union (Russia)
China
United States
Italy
Germany
Japan
US Enters the War
 US tried to stay out of the war
 Neutrality Acts Ordered an embargo (stop selling) on arms to belligerents
(nations at war)
 Forbade belligerents from borrowing money in US
 Prohibited US merchant ships from carrying weapons to
belligerents
 Lend-Lease Act: “lend your neighbor a hose”
 Allowed Britain to borrow American equipment
 US increases defense spending and Selective Service
(first peacetime draft)
Operation Barbarossa-Hitler attacks Russia despite
nonaggression agreement
 US sends aid to Russia now
 Russia stops Germany
December 7, 1941
“A day that will live in infamy”
 Japan’s General Tojo ordered the attack on Pearl
Harbor
 In a few hours Japan sank or damaged all 8
battleships, 10 other navy ships, and destroyed
almost 200 planes
 US’s mistakes
 Ignoring radar report (thought planes were their own)
 Held up report of sunken sub
 Lining up planes at Hickam Field (easy target)
 Message to be on alert was sent without an urgent
stamp
USS Arizona in flames
Pearl Harbor
 Japan’s mistake-not heeding warnings of their own
General Yamashita and Admiral Yamamoto
 Yamamoto’s response- “I fear all we have done is to
awaken a sleeping giant, and fill him with a terrible
resolve.” What does that mean?
 US declares war on Japan on December 8, 1941
Video clip of Pearl Harbor:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqNY88Amuzw
Battleship row
12-3
On the Home Front
How did Americans support the war effort?
 Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were sent to detainment
(internment) camps after the bombing of Pearl Harbor
 Thousands of men enlisted to help the war effort
 Rationing (buying limited numbers or amounts)was
enforced to save materials for the war effort
 Ration cards limited amounts of food and other resources families
could have
 Automobiles and nylons not available to anyone
 Office of Price Administration (OPA) set price limits on goods
and rationed others
 Items recycled to help make war supplies
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Copper for bullets
Silk for parachutes
Nylon for parachutes
Home Front continued
Women and children helped the war effort at home
 Collecting pots, pans, metal to be used for production
of ships, planes, tanks, and weapons
 Victory Gardens planted to grow food that was in short
supply
 Women began working in factories
 2/3 of aviation industries employees
 “Rosie the Riveter” posters encouraging
women to work
12-4 War in Europe and Africa
 Allies needed to take back Northern Africa so the Axis
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forces would not have complete control of shipping
routes
General Dwight D. Eisenhower help drive Axis out
of North Africa
General George Patton and the allies take back Italy
Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini, is overthrown
German forces surrender in the Soviet Union in 1943
Invasion of France:
Turning point of the war in Europe
 Operation Overlord-Allied invasion of occupied Europe
 June 6, 1944- D-Day (the day of the invasion) allied
landing in Normandy, France
 Landings on Utah,
Omaha, Gold,
Sword, and Juno
Beaches
True Story of D-Day documentary:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zrkQtkOUao#t=356
Victory in Europe!
 Soviet forces came from the east and American and
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British came from the west
Battle of the Bulge-Americans win
Soviet troops advance to Berlin – Hitler commits suicide
Germany surrenders on May 7, 1944
V-E Day-Victory in Europe
12-5 War in the Pacific
 Allies fought the Japanese
for 4 years
 After bombing Pearl
Harbor, Japanese took
several island countries
including the Philippines
 Allied troops in the
Philippines are exhausted
 The Allied troops
surrender and are forced
on the Baatan Death
March (pictured right)
Commanders in the Pacific -General Douglas
MacArthur and Admiral Nimitz
 By island hopping, (attacking and capturing key
islands) Americans were able to win several
battles
Battle of Midway
Battle of the Coral Sea
Battle of Leyte Gulf
 Finally the Americans were closing in on Japantaking Guam back improved position
 1945- Americans take Iwo Jima and Okinawa, islands
near Japan
Battle of Iwo Jima video:
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-war-ii-history/videos/battle-iwo-jima
 Japan uses Kamikaze pilots (suicide pilots willing to
crash into Allied forces)
 Japan refuses to surrender after America warns of
“prompt and utter destruction”
 President Harry Truman decides to use the atomic
bomb
 Manhattan Project was developed under FDR
 Video: 24 Hours After Hiroshima
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jY9VwCE_Dsg
Japan’s Surrender
 August 6, 1945 the bomber Enola Gay
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dropped the first atomic bomb on
Hiroshima, Japan
Second bomb is dropped on Nagasaki, Japan
Japan surrenders-August 15, 1945 is declared V-J Day
(Victory over Japan)
German and Japanese leaders are
put on trial for “crimes against humanity”
Over 55 million people died from
all nations
Time to rebuild…..