Transcript U.S. History STAAR/EOC PowerPoint Review File

U.S. History STAAR/EOC Review
Mr. Starkey
U.S. Civil War
AKA:
The War Between the
States
The War for Southern
Independence
The Civil War (1860-1865)
• 1860: Abraham Lincoln is elected 16th
President
– South Carolina secedes from the Union = Civil War
• 1861: Confederate States formed
– Jefferson Davis 1st and only President
• 1861: Fort Sumter (S.C.)
– Confederates attack Union; War begins
Civil War Battles
Battle of Antietam
• Bloodiest battle of the Civil
War.
• 24,000 killed or wounded
on both sides.
Battle of Gettysburg
• Turning point of the Civil
War.
• South never recovers from
loss.
January 1, 1863
President Abraham Lincoln issued
the Emancipation Proclamation…declared
"that all persons held as slaves" within the
rebellious states "are, and henceforward
shall be free.“
1865 -Thirteenth Amendment
• The 13th Amendment to the Constitution
declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as a punishment for crime
whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist within the United States, or
any place subject to their jurisdiction." Formally
abolishing slavery in the United States, the 13th
Amendment was passed by the Congress on
January 31, 1865, and ratified by the states on
December 6, 1865.
April 9, 1865
• Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders
to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at the
Appomattox Courthouse to end the Civil War.
April 15, 1865
• Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John
Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Ford’s
Theater in Washington DC.
• The Nation mourns.
• Andrew Johnson becomes
the 17th President of the
United States.
RECONSTRUCTION
(1865-1877)
Constitutional Amendments
Fourteenth Amendment (1866)
Granted Citizenship to Freed Slaves
Fifteenth Amendment (1870)
Granted Suffrage to African American Men
• All persons born or naturalized in
the United States, and subject to
the jurisdiction thereof, are
citizens of the United States and
of the state wherein they reside.
No state shall make or enforce
any law which shall abridge the
privileges or immunities of
citizens of the United States; nor
shall any state deprive any person
of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law; nor
deny to any person within its
jurisdiction the equal protection
of the laws.
• The right of citizens of the
United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged
by the United States or by
any state on account of
race, color, or previous
condition of servitude.
Transcontinental Railroad
• Began in 1863
• Completed in 1869
• Joined East and West by rail.
– Made travel faster, safer and cheaper.
– Allowed for western expansion
1870
Hiram Revels
• First African American Senator
– Elected to office in 1870
– From Mississippi
– Was a barber by trade
1871
William “Boss” Tweed
• William Magear Tweed – often erroneously
referred to as William Marcy Tweed, and widely
known as "Boss" Tweed – was an American
politician most notable for being the "boss" of
Tammany Hall
• Tammany Hall, also known as the Society of St.
Tammany, the Sons of St. Tammany, or the
Columbian Order, was a
New York City political
organization
1876
• Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse lead Sioux to
crushing victory over General George Custer at
Battle of Little Bighorn, South Dakota.
1876
• Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone
The Gilded Age
1878 - 1900
1879
• Susan B. Anthony
– Gets women’s suffrage
vote to Congress which led
to the passage of the 19TH
Amendment in 1920.
– First woman to appear on
an American coin
• Thomas Edison
– Creates the first electric
light bulb.
– Allowed businesses to
operate a longer day.
1881
July 2, 1881, 20TH United States President James A. Garfield is assassinated
Charles J. Guiteau at 9:30 am, less than four months into Garfield's term as
the 20th President of the United States.
His assassination would lead toward the Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883
which created pre-employment testing for certain Governmental jobs
1881
African American Leaders
Booker T. Washington
• Founded Tuskegee Institute
– Believed in gradual approach to
equal rights = prove yourself
W.E.B. Dubois
• Founded N.A.A.C.P.
– Demanded equal rights now!
1882 Policy
• Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal
law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on
May 6,1882. It was one of the most significant
restrictions on free immigration in US history,
prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.
1882 Industry
• John D. Rockefeller
• Andrew Carnegie
– Standard Oil
– Steel manufacturer
– Became Exxon
– U.S. Steel
Treatment of Native Americans
1887-1890
• Dawes Act (1887)
– Denies tribal rights
– Forces assimilation
– Opens lands to whites
• Wounded Knee (1890)
– December 29, 1890
– Federal troops massacre
200 Sioux Indians
1890s Politics
• Sherman Antitrust Act
• Approved July 2, 1890,
The Sherman Anti-Trust
Act was the first
Federal act that
outlawed monopolistic
business practices. The
Sherman Antitrust
Act of 1890 was the
first measure passed by
the U.S. Congress to
prohibit trusts.
• Populist Party
• The Populist movement
was a revolt by farmers in
the South and Midwest
against the Democratic and
Republican Parties for
ignoring their interests and
difficulties. For over a
decade, farmers were
suffering from crop failures,
falling prices, poor
marketing, and lack of
credit facilities.
1895 & 1896
Yellow Journalism
Plessy vs. Ferguson
• Journalism that features • “Separate but Equal” is
unethical or
Constitutional
unprofessional practices
– Is eventually
by news media
overturned by Brown
organizations or
vs. Board of
individual journalists.
Education
– Helps start SpanishAmerican War
Spanish-American War
• April 25, 1898 – August 12, 1898 (3 months, 2 weeks and
4 days)
• Established the United States as a World Power
• Teddy Roosevelt leads Rough Riders up San Juan Hill
• U.S. crushes Spain’s Navy
• Acquires Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines and the
U.S. Naval base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba
The
Progressive Era
1901 - 1914
Theodore Roosevelt
• Became the 26TH President of the United
States when William McKinley is assassinated
by an anarchist named Leon Czolgosz.
Victim
Assassin
Theodore Roosevelt
• Roosevelt Corollary
– a corollary (1904) to the
Monroe Doctrine,
asserting that the U.S.
might intervene in the
affairs of an American
republic threatened with
seizure or intervention
by a European country.
– “Speak softly and carry a
big stick”
• Monroe Doctrine
– a principle of US policy,
originated by President
James Monroe in 1823,
that any intervention by
external powers in the
politics of the Americas
is a potentially hostile
act against the US.
Muckraker = writers who exposed big
business corruption.
• Upton Sinclair
• Wrote The Jungle
– Exposed meat packing
industry
– Led to Pure Food and
Drug Act and Meat
Inspection
• Ida Tarbell
– Exposed the Standard Oil
Trust monopoly that led
to its break up.
– One of the leading
"muckrakers" of the
progressive era of the
late 19th and early 20th
centuries and is thought
to have pioneered
investigative journalism.
Panama Canal
• The canal in Panama that connects the
Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. The canal
cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a key
conduit for international maritime trade.
• Started in 1906 and first used August 15, 1914
Henry Ford
• Introduced the Model T car
• Floating assembly lines
• Created Ford Motor Company
Constitutional Amendments
Sixteenth Amendment
• The Congress shall have
power to lay and collect
taxes on incomes, from
whatever source derived,
without apportionment
among the several states,
and without regard to any
census or enumeration.
Seventeenth Amendment
• The Senate of the United
States shall be composed of
two Senators from each state,
elected by the people thereof,
for six years; and each Senator
shall have one vote. The
electors in each state shall
have the qualifications
requisite for electors of the
most numerous branch of the
state legislatures.
World War One (1914-1918)
Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy
• Turkey
Triple Entente’
• United States (1917)
• England
• France
• Russia
U.S. Involvement in
World War One
1915 - 1919
Woodrow Wilson and World War One
• Won his re-election to a second term on the promise
of keeping the U.S. neutral during the war.
• World War I was the bloodiest
in World history to date.
• Also known as the “Great War”
and the “War to end all wars”.
World War One
• 1915 – German U-Boats sink British passenger
liner, Lusitania and Americans on board are
killed.
• Germany promises to limit submarine warfare to
appease Americans.
World War One
• 1917 – Germany resumes unrestricted
submarine warfare in spite of warnings from
the United States.
USS Texas BB35 In 2015
USS Texas BB35 In 1917
World War One
• 1917 – In January of 1917, British cryptographers
deciphered a telegram from German Foreign Minister
Arthur Zimmermann to the German Minister to Mexico,
von Eckhardt, offering United States territory to Mexico in
return for joining the German cause.
• Asked for an Alliance
with Mexico against
the
U.S.
• This angered the U.S.
and they entered the
War almost immediately.
World War One
• 1917 – The Selective Service Act or Selective
Draft Act (enacted May 18, 1917) authorized
the federal government to raise a national
army for the American entry into World War
One through the compulsory enlistment of
people. The Act was canceled with the end of the
war on November, 1918.
World War One
• 1918 – The "Fourteen Points" was a statement
given on January 8, 1918 by United States
President Woodrow Wilson declaring that
World War I was being fought for a moral cause
and calling for postwar peace in Europe
World War One
• 1918 – Wilson proposed the formation of the
League Of Nations as a peace keeping
organization, but U.S. Senators, fearing that the
U.S. would lose its sovereignty to European nations
and be dragged into foreign wars refused to allow
the U.S. to join.
World War One
• 1919 – Treaty of Versailles ends World War One.
– Signed June 28, 1919
– Germany is blamed
– Germany is disarmed
– Germany has to pay reparations
– League of Nations is created (US Senate rejects it)
• Foreshadows…What Event?
The Roaring
Twenties
1920 - 1929
EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT
• Ratified January 16, 1919
– Outlawed the manufacturing, sale, possession or
consumption of all alcohol in the United States.
– Created a new criminal class:
•
•
•
•
Moonshiners
Bootleggers
Gangsters (Al Capone, etc…)
Repealed by the 21st Amendment
NINETEENTH AMENDMENT
• The right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any state on account of
sex.
– Ratified August 18, 1920
– Granted Women suffrage (the right to vote)
Teapot Dome Scandal
• The Teapot Dome scandal was a bribery
incident that took place in the United States
from 1921 to 1924, during the administration
of President Warren G. Harding.
Dawes Plan
• 1924 – The Dawes Plan was an attempt in
1924 to solve the reparations problem, which
had bedeviled international politics following
World War I and the Treaty of Versailles.
Scopes Monkey Trial
• 1925 John Scopes is put on criminal trial for
teaching evolution in school.
– Popularized Evolution vs. Creation in school debate
– Scopes found guilty and ordered to pay $100.00
fine.
– William Jennings Bryan gained stardom
Charles Lindbergh
• Charles Augustus Lindbergh, nicknamed Slim, Lucky
Lindy, and The Lone Eagle, was an American aviator,
author, inventor, explorer, and social activist.
– Born February 4, 1902, Died August 26, 1974
– On May 20, 1927 Lindbergh took off in the Spirit of St. Louis
from New York City. He landed near Paris on May 21. Thousands
of cheering people had gathered to meet him. He had flown
more than 3,600 miles (5,790 kilometers) in 33 1/2 hours.
Sacco and Vanzetti
• Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italianborn anarchists who were convicted of murdering a
guard and a paymaster during the armed robbery of a
shoe factory in Massachusetts in 1920.
– Executed August 23, 1927
– Controversial because they were anarchists
– Politically motivated and unjustified
Stock Market Crash
• October 29, 1929 –”Black Tuesday”
– Launches Great Depression
– Panic sweeps Nation
– No money
– No Jobs
Dust Bowl
• 1930s
– Massive winds eroded soil across mid-west U.S.
– Destroyed millions of acres of farmland
– Many people migrated west to seek new lives
– Inspired “Grapes of Wrath” and “Of Mice and
Men” by John Steinbeck
The Great
Depression
and New Deal
1930 - 1939
Bonus Army
• The Bonus Army was the popular name of an assemblage of
some 17,000 World War 1 veterans and their families who
gathered in Washington, D.C., in 1932 to demand cashpayment redemption of their service certificates
– U.S. Army sent to disperse them and killed four of them
– The public outcry against the Federal Government later led
to the passing of the G.I. Bill of Rights
Franklin Delano Roosevelt elected
President of the United States
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known by his
initials FDR, was an American statesman and political
leader who served as the 32nd President of the
United States
– Born January 30, 1882; Died April 12, 1945
– Elected to four terms as President
– Credited for bringing the U.S. out of Great Depression
U.S. Unemployment reaches 25%
• F.D.R. claims Bank Holiday to fix banks
– Stopped run on banks
– Stabilized money supply
– Calmed the public
Fireside Chats
• 1933 -1944
– F.D.R. addressed public on the radio
– Talked about problems and offered
solutions to those problems
– Gave the public hope for the future of America
Before F.D.R.’s First 100 Days
• The nation's plight on March 4, 1933, the day
Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency,
was desperate.
– A quarter of the nation's workforce was jobless.
– A quarter million families had defaulted on their
mortgages the previous year.
– During the winter of 1932 and 1933, some 1.2
million Americans were homeless.
After F.D.R.’s First 100 Days
• Franklin Roosevelt worked at improving,
immediately the ills of the American economy
– Creation of countless jobs
– Most productive of ANY president’s first 100 days
NEW DEAL PROGRAMS
Unemployment Relief Act
Civilian Conservation Corps
• 1933
• Created government funded jobs
in the public sector to put people
to work until the economy
corrected itself.
• 1933
• The CCC was open to
unemployed, unmarried male
citizens between the ages of 18
and 26. Recruits had to be
healthy and were expected to
perform hard physical labor.
They built the parks system in
the U.S.
NEW DEAL PROGRAMS
AAA
TVA
• Agricultural Adjustment Act
of 1933
• Paid farmers to cut back on
production to raise food prices
• Improved the economy and
created more jobs
• Tennessee Valley Authority
of 1933
• Built hydro-electric dams on
rivers throughout the South
• Controlled flooding and
provided cheap electricity to
citizens
NEW DEAL PROGRAMS
NIRA
• 1933
NRA
• 1933
• Sets nationwide business
practices
• Kept prices stable
• Manage industry recovery
• Kept industries from running
others out of business
NEW DEAL PROGRAMS
PWA
• Public Works Administration
of 1933
• Employs the jobless
• Built roads, hospitals, libraries,
city halls, court houses etc…
Social Security (1935)
• 1935
• Provides a retirement pension
for the elderly (which was 65
years-old in 1935)
NEW CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
Twentieth Amendment
Twenty-first Amendment
• Ratified January 23, 1933
• Shifted presidential
inaugurations from March to
January
• Ratified December 5, 1933
• Repealed the 18th
Amendment (Prohibition)
World War Two
1940 - 1945
World War Two
Axis Powers
Germany
• Adolf Hitler
• Socialists NAZI Party
Italy
• Benito Mussolini
• Fascists
World War Two
Axis Powers
Japan
• Hideki Tojo
• Militarism
Spain
• Francisco Franco
• Fascist (put in power by Hitler
and Mussolini)
World War Two
Allied Powers
England
• Winston Churchill
• Democracy
France
• Charles De Gaulle
• Democracy
World War Two
Allied Powers
Soviet Union (Russia)
• Joseph Stalin
• Communist
United States
• Franklin Roosevelt
• Harry Truman
• Democracy
World War Two
Nazi Germany
• Hitler invades Poland on
September 1, 1939 to gain
more territory.
• War begins in Europe
United States
• Franklin Roosevelt and the
United States attempt to stay
out of the affairs of Europe.
This is called “isolationism”
1940
Lend-Lease Act
• Provides U.S. loans to aid
England, U.S.S.R. and Allied
Powers.
Atlantic Charter
• Agreement between FDR
and Winston Churchill that
no territories would change
hands after WWII.
United States Enters World War Two
• December 7, 1941
– The Japanese Empire attacks the U.S. Naval Base
at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
United States Enters World War Two
• December 8, 1941
– The United States declares war with the Japanese
Empire.
• December 11, 1941
– Germany and Italy declare war with the United
States.
World War Two
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–
–
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The Battle of Stalingrad August 23, 1942 February 2, 1943
The turning point for Allied Victory
Germans were seeking to overtake Russia for oil
Russians used “Scorched Earth Policy”
World War Two
–Franklin Delano Roosevelt is
elected to an
unprecedented
third term as
President of the
United States
of America
1941
Propaganda
Motivated U.S. Citizens to support the War Effort
Internment of Japanese Americans
• FDR signed Executive Order
9066 on February 19, 1942
• It called for the forced
internment of all
German, Italian and
Japanese Americans
whom the government
suspected as being a
threat to the United
States during the war.
• Over 127,000 Japanese
Americans were
interned in one of the
camps.
Battle of Midway Island
June 3-6, 1942
THE UNITED STATES NAVY DEFEATS
JAPAN AND BECOMES THE TURNING
POINT IN THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Manhattan Project 1942
THE MANHATTAN PROJECT WAS A RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT THAT PRODUCED THE
FIRST ATOMIC BOMBS DURING WORLD WAR II. IT
WAS LED BY THE UNITED STATES WITH THE
SUPPORT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM AND CANADA.
Allies Invade Normandy, France
D-Day June 6, 1944
THE LARGEST LAND AND SEA INVASION OF W.W. II
During World War II (1939-1945), the Battle of Normandy, which lasted from
June 1944 to August 1944, resulted in the Allied liberation of Western Europe
from Nazi Germany’s control. Codenamed Operation Overlord, the battle
began on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day, when some 156,000 American,
British and Canadian forces landed on five beaches along a 50-mile stretch of
the heavily fortified coast of France’s Normandy region. The invasion was one
of the largest amphibious military assaults in history and required extensive
planning. Prior to D-Day, the Allies conducted a large-scale deception
campaign designed to mislead the Germans about the intended invasion
target. By late August 1944, all of northern France had been liberated, and by
the following spring the Allies had defeated the Germans. The Normandy
landings have been called the beginning of the end of war in Europe.
Battle of the Bulge
December 16, 1944 – January 25, 1945
THE BEGINNING OF THE BREAK DOWN OF AXIS
POSITIONS ALONG THE WESTERN FRONT
Allies Liberate Nazi concentration
camps in Eastern Europe
1944 - 1945
April 12, 1945
• Franklin Delano
Roosevelt dies in
Warm Springs,
Georgia
• Harry S. Truman is
sworn in as the 33rd
President of the
United States.
April 28, 1945
• Benito Mussolini is lynched by his enemies
April 30, 1945
• Adolf Hitler commits suicide
December 23, 1945
• Hideki Tojo is executed by the Tokyo Tribunal
War in Pacific
August 6, 1945
• U.S. drops Atomic Bomb
named “Little Boy” on
Hiroshima, Japan.
August 9, 1945
• U.S. drops Atomic Bomb
named “Fat Man” on
Nagasaki, Japan.
V-E Day
• May 8, 1945
• Victory in Europe Day
• War still on in Pacific
V – J Day
• Victory over Japan Day is a name chosen for the day on
which Japan surrendered, in effect ending World War
II, and subsequent anniversaries of that event
• September 2, 1945
United Nations
June 26, 1945
• United Nations is formed
in 1945 with 51 Nations
to promote peace
throughout the World.
• Housed in New York City
• Maintains World Court to
settle some international
disputes
Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the
Allied forces after World War II, most notable for the prosecution of
prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership
of Nazi Germany between November 1945 and October 1946.
Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg trials found many Nazi leaders guilty of War
Crimes. Ones found guilty of the more heinous crimes were
sentenced to hang by the neck until dead while others received
very lengthy prison sentences.
Baby Boom, Economic
Prosperity and the
Cold War
1946 - 1960
Soviet Union aka U.S.S.R. or Russia
becomes the World’s 2nd SUPER
POWER along with the U.S.A.
Cold War 1946-1990
• United States
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–
Harry S. Truman
Dwight D. Eisenhower
John F. Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson
Richard M. Nixon
Gerald R. Ford
James E. “Jimmy” Carter
Ronald W. Reagan
George H.W. Bush
• U.S.S.R.
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–
Joseph Stalin
Georgy Malenkov
Nakita Khrushchev
Leonid Brezhnev
Yuri Andropov
Konstantin Chernenko
Mikhail Gorbachev
Gennady Yanayev
1946 – Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain is depicted
as a black/white
line. WARSAW PACT
countries on one side of the
Iron Curtain appear shaded
red; NATO members on the
other are shaded blue;
militarily neutral countries
are shaded gray
1947 – Truman Doctrine
With the Truman Doctrine, President
Harry S. Truman established that the
United States would provide
political, military and economic
assistance to all democratic nations
under threat from external or
internal authoritarian forces.
1947 – Marshall Plan
A program by which the
United States gave large
amounts of economic aid to
European countries to help
them rebuild after the
devastation of World War II.
It was proposed by the
United States secretary of
state, General George
C. Marshall.
1948 – Berlin Blockade
USSR blocks all aid into West Berlin, Germany to
keep that area under Communist control.
1948 – Berlin Airlift
United States drops food, medicine and supplies by
air to citizens of West Berlin, Germany to
successfully foil the Soviet blockade.
1948 – Harry Truman
Desegregates the Military
President Harry S. Truman by Executive Order ends
the practice of racial segregation that had been the
practice of the Military since 1776.
1950 – 1953 Korean War
•
•
•
•
South Korea
Democratic/Capitalist
Backed by United States
Feared Communist
China because of
strained relations from
WWII.
• North Korea
• Communist/Dictatorship
• Backed by China & Soviet
Union
• Blamed Japan, United
States and Capitalistic
greed for their troubles.
1950 – Joseph McCarthy
Joseph Raymond "Joe"
McCarthy was an American
politician who served as a
Republican U.S. Senator from
the state of Wisconsin from
1947 until his death in 1957
began rabid anti-communist
campaign and hurt many
innocent citizens.
1950 – Communist Fear in U.S.
In the Post WW2 Era,
Americans feared the
spread of
Communism and its
influence as much as
Americans fear
Terrorism in modern
time. This fear was
fueled by the
propaganda created
by the government
and distributed by the
media.
1950 – Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Married couple convicted of espionage for passing information
about the atomic bomb to Soviet spies. They were executed
June 19, 1953 in the electric chair.
Their execution was very controversial.
In 1991, Soviet documents confirmed that they were guilty of the
crime.
1954 – Brown vs. Board of Education
NAACP took Topeka, Kansas School Board to court to allow black children to
attend Whites-Only schools. Attorney Thurgood Marshall tried the case
successfully. This case overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson; saying Separate but Equal
is Unconstitutional.
1954 – Containment
- the action or policy of preventing the expansion of a
hostile country or influence. "a policy of containment"
Harry S. Truman’s policy to stop the spread of
Communism throughout the World
1954 – “Domino Theory”
(Eisenhower) Feared that Indochina
(Vietnam) must not go communist or it
will spread all over the World.
1954 – Geneva Peace Accords
Temporally divided Vietnam
at the 17TH Parallel
1955 – Rosa Parks
Arrested for not giving up her seat on a
bus to white passengers; her actions
sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
1955 – Dr. Jonas Salk
Created the Polio
Vaccine and nearly
eliminated the threat of
polio in the United States.
1957 – Sputnik
The U.S.S.R. launches the first satellite into
space, sparking the Space Race between the
Soviet Union and the United States.
1960 – First Televised Presidential
Debate
• 1st Televised Debate: Nixon vs. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy wins election
in 1960 – J.F.K.’s New Frontier
Kennedy’s platform to help America. Included
putting a man on the moon before 1970
1960 – Sit-Ins
African-Americans launched a
series of lunch counter sit-ins
which sparked waves of civil
rights protests all over the United
States.
1960 – SCLC
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
formed SCLC to promote
peaceful, non-violent
protest for civil rights.
Civil Rights, Nixon
and Vietnam
1961 - 1973
1961 – Bay of Pigs
Failed invasion of Cuba by U.S. (C.I.A.) trained military
1961 – Berlin Wall
Soviets in built a wall that divided East and West Berlin.
East Berlin was communist while West Berlin was capitalist
1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis
Standoff between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. after Soviets placed
missiles in Cuba that were aimed at the United States. Very
intense thirteen days, but not fighting was incurred.
1963 – “I Have A Dream”
1963 – Lee Harvey Oswald
Assassinated John f. Kennedy in
Dallas, Texas November 22, 1963
Oswald is killed by
night club owner,
Jack Ruby on
November 24, 1963
1963 – Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson is sworn in as the 36th President of
the United States on Air Force One on November 22, 1963
1963 – Lyndon B. Johnson’s
Great Society
• Designed to
• End poverty
• End racism
• Provide security
• Build a “better” America
Lyndon B Johnson
“Great Society”
►War on Poverty
Lyndon B Johnson
“Great Society”
►Medicare: health care for the elderly
►Medicaid: health care for the needy
Lyndon B Johnson
“Great Society”
►HUD
– Housing and Urban Development
Lyndon B Johnson
“Great Society”
►24th Amendment
– Abolishes poll tax
►26th Amendment
– Voting age 21 to 18
1964 – Civil Rights Act
Banned (outlawed) discrimination in EDUCATION,
EMPLOYMENT and PUBLIC PLACES
1964: Ended Segregation
1965: Voting Rights
1968: Fair Housing
Lyndon B Johnson
“Great Society”
►Civil Rights
– 1964: Ended Segregation
– 1965: Voting Rights
– 1968: Fair Housing
1964 – Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Broadened LBJ’s military powers in Vietnam
• Did not have to declare war
• Could increase numbers in draft
• Could increase intensity of fighting
December 29, 1964
Robert Gene Starkey
is born at 5:44 am on
Tuesday, December 29,
1964 in Houston, Texas
He was 27 inches long
and weighed 8 pounds
14 ounces, with grey eyes
and dark brown hair.
1965 – Voting Rights Act
Banned the use of
“literacy” tests to
vote.
1965 – Malcolm X
• Leader of the Nation of Islam
• Blamed whites for African-Americans’ problems
• Did not agree with MLK’s nonviolent methods of
peaceful protest
• Was assassinated by his own followers in 1965
1966 – Miranda vs. Arizona
(Ernesto Miranda)
Police must read rights to suspects when they are arrested
1967 – Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the
United States Supreme Court, serving from October
1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's
96th justice and its first African-American justice.
1968 – Tet Offensive
A series of attacks launched by the North Vietnamese Army
during the Tet Holiday (Vietnamese New Year) upon the U.S.
troops; it was the turning point of the war.
1968 – James Earl Ray
James Earl Ray was an
American criminal
convicted of the
assassination of civil
rights and anti-war
activist Martin Luther
King, Jr. Ray was
convicted on March
10, 1969, after entering
a guilty plea to forgo a
jury trial.
1968 – Sirhan Sirhan
Sirhan Bishara
Sirhan is a
Palestinian of
Jordanian
citizenship who
was convicted of
the 1968
assassination of
U.S. Senator
Robert F. Kennedy.
1968 – Richard Milhous Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th President of the United
States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only U.S. president to
resign the office.
1969 – Apollo 11
NASA lands first men on the Moon.
• Neil Armstrong is the first man to walk on the Moon
• Armstrong’s words when he emerged from the
capsule were, "That's one small step for man, a
giant leap for mankind.“
1969 – My Lai Massacre
U.S. Soldiers kill 200 innocent men, women and children
1971 – Pentagon Papers
A 7,000 page document outlining the U.S. Government
plan in Vietnam; it showed that the government was not
telling the truth to the public.
1972 – Watergate Scandal
President Nixon authorizes a break-in and wiretapping of
Democratic National Committee Headquarters in Watergate
complex in Washington D.C.
1973 – Roe vs. Wade
Legalizes abortions (up to 3 months)
1973 – U.S. Energy Crisis
Fuel shortages in U.S. due to OPEC (Organization of the
Petroleum Exporting Countries) raising oil prices.
1973 – U.S. Withdraws from Vietnam
North Vietnam overtakes the South after
the U.S. Military departs.
1974 – Present
Richard Nixon resigns the office of President of
the United States to avoid impeachment;
Gerald R. Ford (the only President never voted
into office) assumes the office of 38TH President
of the United States and he pardons Nixon for
Watergate.
1976 – James E. “Jimmy” Carter
•
•
•
•
39TH President of the United States
Former Governor of Georgia
Nuclear submarine officer
Democrat
1978 – Camp David Accords
President Carter negotiates peace between Egypt and Israel.
(Carter receives Nobel Peace Prize in 2002)
Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin
United States President Jimmy Carter
Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat
1979 – Three Mile Island
Nuclear power accident that causes major concern over
nuclear safety.
1980 – Ronald Reagan
Elected the 40TH President of the United States
• Former actor and California governor
• Two Terms from 1981-1989
• Hated communism
• Built up military
• Claimed victory for Cold War
1981 – Iran Hostage Release
Iran releases the U.S. Embassy hostages that had been
held for 444 days in captivity.
1983 – Operation Urgent Fury
October 1983 U.S. invasion of the Island Nation of
Grenada to liberate American citizens who had been
captured by Cuban soldiers when they overthrew the
Grenadine Government. The initial invasion force was the
United States Marine Corps 22ND Marine Amphibious Unit.
1983 – Strategic Defense Initiative
Space based missile defense plan (a.k.a. STAR WARS)
1986 – Space Shuttle Challenger
Space shuttle that exploded on takeoff
• Was seen live on television by millions
• Entire crew was killed
• Space program never the same
1986 – Operation El Dorado Canyon
The United States bombs Libya for supporting
Palestinians and terroristic activities
1988 – George H.W. Bush
Elected 41ST President of the United States
• Youngest WW2 Navy pilot
• Graduated from Yale
• Father was U.S. Senator
from Connecticut
1988 – Osama Bin Laden
Founded Islamist group Al Qaeda
• Born in Saudi Arabia
• Family worth millions of dollars
• Allegedly killed by U.S. Navy
SEAL Team Six
1989 – Tiananmen Square
Chinese government crushes a pro-democracy revolt
and kills over 1,000,000 people
1989 – Berlin Wall Falls
Soviet Leader, Mikhail Gorbachev orders the Berlin Wall to
be torn down
• Ronald Reagan feels it is the U.S.’s greatest
accomplishment of the era
• It marks the beginning of the end of the Soviet
system
1990 – Saddam Hussein/Desert Storm
Iraq invades Kuwait
• Hussein claimed that Kuwait had been a part of Iraq
until the British separated it from them
• The U.S. responded by attacking Iraq to defend Kuwait
• Operation Desert Storm began
1992 – William J. “Bill” Clinton
Elected the 42ND President of the United States
• Former governor of Arkansas
• Two term president 1993-2001
• First Democrat president since
Jimmy Carter
1992 – Janet Reno
• Appointed by President Clinton
• First female Attorney General
• Is 6’ 2’’ tall
2000 – George W. Bush
Elected 43RD President of the United States
• Only the second time a son of a U.S. President has
been elected to the same office
• Unlike his father, he served
two terms 2001-2009
September 11, 2001
Osama Bin Laden orders Al Qaeda terrorists to highjack jet
planes and crash them into key U.S. buildings to disrupt
economy.
• Two hit the Twin Towers in New York City
• One hit the Pentagon in Washington D.C.
• One was crashed into a field in Pennsylvania
2008 – Barack H. Obama
Elected the 44TH President of the United States
• First Hawaiian born president
• First African-American elected to that office
• Was 47 years-old when he took office
May 5, 2015 – U.S. History STAAR