Transcript Enola Gay - Blue Valley Schools

OTB: How should the U.S. attack in the Pacific?
What strategies would you suggest?
HW-
America’s Voice Abroad: the Pacific
*Japan continued to attack in Pacific including:
-Thailand
-Hong Kong (British)
-Singapore (British)
-Guam (U.S.)
-U.S. General Douglas MacArthur couldn’t stop
advance into Philippines
-left islands in March 1942
-Allies feared Japan would attack…
-India
-Australia
-or U.S. mainland
*Key Victories
-U.S. code breakers cracked secret codes
-helped win two navy battles in Pacific
-Battle of the Coral Sea, May 1942
-Battle of Midway, June 1942
-U.S. began to invade islands controlled by Japan
-Guadalcanal (one of Solomon Islands)
-6 month battle
-diseases like malaria
-U.S. control in February 1943
-”Island Hopping”
-invaded strategic islands
-successful, but costly—many men lost
-Battle of Leyte Gulf—largest naval battle in
history
-Allies crushed Japanese navy
-Allies secured Philippines after months of fighting
(Summer 1945)
-Allied planes bombed Japanese cities
-destroyed homes & factories
-Japan refused to surrender
-Battles @ Iwo Jima & Okinawa
-many casualties on both sides (esp. Japan)
-kamikaze pilots crashed into Allied ships
-Allies planned all-out assault on main Japanese
islands
War in the Pacific video clip
OTB: What strategies did the U.S. use in the Pacific?
HW-
Victory & Consequences
*Germany Surrenders
-Allied troops marched through France to Germany
-Soviet troops pushed from the east
-Allies secured Paris by end of August 1944
-Hitler planned one last attack—Battle of the Bulge
-December 16, 1944
-Germans attacked near Antwerp, Belgium
-pushed Allies back 65 miles
-Allies stopped German advance
-January 1945 Germans retreated
-heavy losses on both sides
-bombing raids devastated German cities
-Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945
-Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945 = V-E Day =
Victory in Europe
-(FDR had died on April 12)
-Harry S. Truman became president
*Victory in the Pacific
-Manhattan Project
-goal = develop atomic bomb
-produces tremendous power by splitting atoms
-July 16, 1945 successful test of bomb in NM
-melted desert sand into glass
-Japan refused to surrender
-President Truman gave order to use atomic bomb
-August 6, 1945
-Enola Gay B-29 bomber dropped bomb on
Hiroshima
-explosion killed 80,000 instantly
-thousands more died from burns & radiation
-Japan still refused to surrender
-August 9, 1945—2nd atomic bomb
-Nagasaki, Japan
-1/3 of city destroyed
-22,000 people died instantly
-Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945 = V-J Day
America’s Voice Abroad: the End of WWII
*Consequences:
-6 years of war
-50 million people killed (1/2 civilians)
-Holocaust—11 million killed
-economies of Europe & Asia devastated
-millions without food, water, shelter
-U.S. left with task of rebuilding
*Yalta Conference, February 1945
-The Big Three
-FDR, Churchill, & Stalin
-supported creation of international peacekeeping
organization
-supported democracy
*Potsdam Conference, July 1945
-divided conquered Germany into 4 zones
(Britain, France, Soviet Union & U.S. would occupy
a zone)
-divided Berlin into 4 zones
*International Military Tribunal
-Nuremburg Trials
-tried Nazi leaders on war crimes
-trials in Japan
*United Nations, 1945
-organization dedicated to resolving international
conflicts
-51 member nations
-now, 190 member nations
-created nation of Israel
-tries to prevent war
-provides disaster relief