Transcript WWII Intro.
The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan on December 7, 1941 This was the beginning of World War II for the U.S. Totalitarian states were using oppressive ways to fight the Great Depression World War II WWII: Significant Participants World War II was the most devastating event of the 20th century and the lessons and events still dominate current foreign policy. It was a total war. Fifty million people died. Twenty-five million of them were civilians. WWII Terms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Totalitarian dictator Appeasement Blitzkrieg Third Reich Lend-Lease Pearl Harbor rationing 8. D Day 9. Midway 10. Yalta Conference 11. Hiroshima 12. VE Day 13. VJ Day 14. United Nations 1. Totalitarianism—absolute and total rule (The Axis) 2. Appeasement—giving in to a dictator (Munich) 3. Blitzkrieg— “lightning war” (Luftwaffe in Poland) 4. Third Reich—Germany’s European Empire 5. Lend-Lease—U.S. loaned or rented weapons (FDR) 6. Pearl Harbor—Japan’s surprise attack on U.S. 7. Rationing—limits on consumer goods on home front 8. D Day—turning point in Europe (Normandy) 9. Midway—turning point in Pacific 10. Yalta Conference—The Big Three discuss the end of war 11. Hiroshima—use of atomic bomb against Japan (by U.S.) 12. VE Day—Victory over Europe (May 1945) 13. VJ Day—Victory over Japan (Aug./Sept. 1945) 14. United Nations—Allied nations form a peace-keeping organization Add terms as needed • Mobilization--movement • Flying Tigers—volunteer pilots in China • Office of War Information— issued propaganda posters • Executive Order 9066— President’s order to intern Japanese-Americans • Rosie the Riveter—image of strong female factory worker • Tuskegee Airmen—African American pilots • Navajo Code Talkers—Native Americans who created secret codes • Bataan Death March—huge American loss in Philippines • FDR and Truman—Presidents during WWII • G.I. Bill (Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944)—money given to veterans after war What is Historiography? • How we study history • Military • Political • Social • Economic • Psychological • Biographical • Focuses on how history is written and interpreted German Expressionism (Kandinsky, 1911) Events Leading to World War II Rise of Totalitarianism in Italy, USSR, Japan, and Germany Why? To help countries fight uncertain times of economic depression “Isms” • Socialism—You have two cows. Give one cow to your neighbor. • Communism—You have two cows. Give both cows to the government, and they may give you some of the milk. • Fascism—You have two cows. You give all of the milk to the government, and the government sells it. • Nazism—You have two cows. The government shoots you and takes both of the cows. • Anarchism—You have two cows. Keep both of the cows, shoot the government agent and steal another cow. • Capitalism—You have two cows. Sell one cow and buy a bull. Italy • Benito Mussolini— leader in 1922 • Fascism -national socialism) enforced by “blackshirts” • New Roman Empire • “Il Duce” • “Hail Caesar” USSR • Stalin replaced Lenin in Communist Soviet Union (USSR) in 1924 • Totalitarian dictator • Enforced with “Purges” Japan • Emperor Hirohito • Korea occupied since 1910 • 1931—invaded Manchuria (state in China) • 1937—invaded China • (Note: The Anti-American military leader, Tojo Hideki became prime minister in Oct. 1941) Germany--Background • Weimar Republic after WWI • Unemployed veterans and resentments after The Treaty of Versailles • President Hindenburg was elderly Adolf Hitler • Childhood in Austria • Ambitions • Fascism—Nazi Party, swastika, brownshirts • Beer Hall Putsch (1924) • Show trial and imprisonment • Mein Kampf—a bestseller • Aryans—the “Master Race” • Jews as scapegoats • Norse gods and Wagner operas • Nazis elected to Reichstag • • • • • • • • • • “Chancellor”– 1933 Burning of the Reichstag Death of Hindenburg “Messiah Complex” “Der Fuhrer” Hitler Youth Gestapo enforcement The Third Reich Nuremberg Laws Kristallnacht Nuremberg Rally 1935 • Italy invaded Ethiopia • Germany re-armed and dismissed The Treaty of Versailles 1936 • Germany occupied The Rhineland • France relied on The Maginot Line as a defense • Spanish Civil War— Francisco Franco got military help from Italy and Germany • “blitzkrieg” and total warfare Picasso’s Guernica 1936 • Rome-Tokyo-Berlin Axis Formed Bush’s Speech in 2006 • Referred to an “Axis of Evil” (Iran, Iraq, N. Korea) 1937 • Japan invaded China-(“Flying Tigers”) • Closed “Open Door Policy” in 1938 1938 • Hitler conquered Austria • Hitler conquered The Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) Munich Conference--1938 Appeasement • English Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain: “We shall have peace in our time” • Advised by U.S. Ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy and • American hero, Charles A. Lindbergh • Hitler invaded and occupied Czechoslovakia! 1939 • Italy conquered Albania • Germany signed a secret non-aggression pact with USSR • On Sept. 1, Hitler invaded Poland with his Luftwaffe (air force) and blitzkrieg (lightening war) • England and France declared war 1940, 1941 • Winston Churchill became prime minister of England • U.S. remained officially neutral • Lend-Lease program supplied weapons to countries fighting the Axis powers WWII “Sides” Axis Nations • Germany • Japan • Italy (until 1945) Allied Nations • Great Britain • France • USSR (switched sides when Hitler double-crossed them) • U.S.A. (starting in 1941) • 22 other nations around the world (“united nations”)