Transcript File

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Lead up to World War II
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Why did totalitarian states rise after
World War I, and what did they do?
World War I and the Great Depression had
devastating effects throughout the world.
In some countries, people turned to new
leaders…
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
World War I and Germany surrender…
• Germans resented the terms of the Treaty of
Versailles, feeling humiliated in defeat.
• Italy and Japan were angered by the treaty.
• Worldwide depression brought despair to many
already suffering from war.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Totalitarian governments developed in
several countries during the 1930s.
Country
Leader
Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin
Italy
Benito Mussolini
Germany
Adolf Hitler
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In Germany, the Weimar Republic struggled with
economic problems.
Adolf Hitler,
Nazi Party…
seized power and
created a
totalitarian state.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Japan came under the influence of strong
military leaders.
Attempted to solve economic problems
through aggressive military conquests.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Japanese Expansion, 1931-1939
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
A weak League of Nations did little to
stop the aggression…
• Many feared involvement in another war.
• Embraced a policy of isolationism.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The appeasement of Hitler continued…
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Start of World War II and Early Years
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
• When Hitler invaded Poland in September 1939,
Britain and France declared war on Germany. This
marked the start of World War II.
• Germany launched a series of attacks on its
neighbors marked by speed and massive firepower—
a blitzkrieg, or “lightning war.”
• Denmark, Norway, and the Netherlands fell in 1940.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Germans
entered France.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Europe was again at war. In time, major
powers around the world joined in alliances.
Axis Powers
Allies
• Germany
• Britain
• Italy
• France
• Japan
• Soviet Union
• United States
• China
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
German Aggression, 1936–1941
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Congress declared neutrality.
But the United States began to take steps
to support Europe’s democracies.
• The Neutrality Act of 1939 contained a
cash-and-carry provision favoring the Allies.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Debate raged between isolationists and
interventionists.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Roosevelt described what was at stake:
FDR’s four
freedoms
• freedom of speech
• freedom of worship
• freedom from want
• freedom from fear
All of these freedoms, he argued, were
threatened by German and Japanese militarism.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Roosevelt and British prime minister
Winston Churchill signed the Atlantic Charter
German submarines began to fire on American ships
supporting the Allies.
Roosevelt ordered the navy to attack the U-boats
on sight.
War inevitable.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
American Entry into the World War II
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Roosevelt condemned
Japanese aggression.
He worked to slow
Japan’s expansion with
an embargo.
Prime Minister Tojo
decided to eliminate
the U.S. presence
in the Pacific.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
On December 7, 1941, Japanese forces
attacked the American naval base at
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
The attackers
struck with
devastating
power, taking
the Americans
by surprise.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Damage at Pearl Harbor
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
After the
attack, the
United States
declared war
on Japan.
Japan’s allies,
Germany and
Italy, then
declared war
on the United
States.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
A wave of patriotism swept the United States
following the attack.
• Americans joined the military.
• Americans took new jobs making weapons
and supplies that supported the war effort.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The peacetime
economy soon
shifted to a
wartime
economy.
Companies that
once produced
consumer goods
mobilized to build
ships, planes,
and tanks.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The money
that was
poured into
defense
spending
finally ended
the Great
Depression.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In 1944, American production levels were double
those of all the Axis nations combined.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In the early years of the war, the outlook for
the Allies was grim.
Japan’s Advantages
• Dominance of the Pacific
• Technologically advanced weapons
• Highly motivated and well-trained military
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Japanese armies invade
Pacific Islands
Then they moved into
the Philippines, forcing
American General
Douglas MacArthur
to retreat.
Thousands diedBataan Death
March.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Japanese Aggression, December 1941–June 1942