Transcript World War II - mclaughlinhistory

World War II
20th Century Global Studies
I. Hitler and Nazism
A. Nazi Party Domestic Policy
1) Nazis (National Social German Workers
Party) come to power in 1933 lead by
Hitler- fascism
2) Replaced Weimar Republic
3) Workers and businesses forced to join
unions
4) All political parties illegal except Nazis
Hitler and Nazism Cont..
5) Controlled Newspapers, SA storm
troopers
6) Hitler Youth (indoctrinate youth)
7) Blamed Jews for defeat in WWI
Hitler and Nazism Cont..
8) Nazis four year plan to rapidly
industrialize country was put in place
9) Nazi propaganda is put in place
10) 70% of households are given “People’s
Radios”
11)Women were awarded medals for many
births
II. Nazi Foreign Policy
A. Wanted to unite all ethnic Germans (Aryans)
B. 1934 – invades Austria stopped by Mussolini
C. 1936 – Annexes Rhineland (demilitarized zone)
D. Annexes Austria in 1938 w/ Mussolni’s support
E. Sept 1938 – Hitler demands Sundetenland
1. (Appeased by Europe at the Munich
Conference – agree to give Hitler
Sundeteland if he stops coquering)
WWII Questions
1. Why did the allies appease Hitler by
allowing him to take the Sudenteland?
2. Did they make the wrong decision?
(Explain)
3. What do you know about WWII?
Nazi Foreign Policy Cont..
•
F. Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact
1. Germany and USSR agree not to attack
each other
2. Secretly agree to split eastern Europe into
spheres of influence
3. Both were interested in annexing Poland
III. The Fighting of WWII
A. Germany invades Poland 09/01/1939
B. Blitkrieg “Lightning War” in Poland
C. Luftwaffe heavily bombs, tanks roll in, 1.5
mill.motorized infantry troops behind
D. Germany takes Poland in a few weeks
E. England & France declare war on Germany
Sept. 3, 1939.
F. U.S.S.R. takes Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and
Eastern Poland
Blitzkrieg
Fighting of WWII cont…
G. England mines the waters to keep
Germany out of Scandinavia
H. Germany invades Norway, Denmark,
wins easily
I. France
1) Maginot Line – defense system of bunkers
2) Germany invades Netherlands,
Luxembourg, and Belgium
3) Invade France through Ardennes
Maginot Line
Fighting of WWII cont…
4)France surrenders June 21, 1940
J. England
1) Germany bombs British airfields and
and switches tactics to bomb London
2) Allows airforce to gain superiority
IV. Miracle of Dunkirk
A. German forces advanced in France
B. Allied forces were trapped b/t the Nazis
and the English Channel
C. British sent every available naval vessel
to take troops of the beaches of Dunkirk
and Ostend (rescued 300,000 troops)
V. Fall of France
A. German forces advanced towards Paris
B. Italy declared war on France and attacked from
the South. France surrendered
C. On June 22, 1940, Hitler avenged the German
defeat of 1918. Forced French to sign surrender
documents in the railcar where Germany had
surrendered in WWI.
D. Germany occupied Northern France. South was
set up as a “puppet state” Vichy
E. French escaped to England – led by Charles de
Gualle, worked to liberate homeland
• Hitler in Paris
6/30/1940
German Occupation
Back to School!
VI. Battle of Britain
A. With the fall of France, Britain stood
alone.
B. Hitler ordered operation Sea Lion – the
invasion of Britain, first sent luftwaffe
C. August 2, 1940, Battle of Britain began
D. For a month the British Royal Air Force
battled the German Luftwaffe
VII. The London Blitz
A. German changed tactics and began bombing civilian
targets, rather than military targets
B. Sept. 7, 1940, Germans bombed London all night long
C. For the next 57 nights bombing occurred: docks,
railways, buildings, and homes. (15,000 people lost their
lives) – Total War
D. People went to bomb shelters and subways each night
when sirens flared
E. In defiance, Parliament continued to meet
F. Continued to bomb London and other cities until 1941
VIII. A German Defeat
A. Showed that terror bombing could not
defeat a determined people.
B. By 1941, operation sea lion was
abandoned.
C. Germany turned their military towards the
Soviet Union
IX. Charging Ahead
A. While Luftwaffe bombed Britain, axis armies
pushed into N. Africa and the Balkans
B. September 1940, Mussolini sent Italian troops
to Egypt
C. Hitler sent General Rommel to assist. British
worried they would seize the Suez Canal
D. In 1940, Italians invaded Greece. Germany
helped and conquered Greece and Yugoslavia
E. By 1941, Hungary and Bulgaria joined the Axis
Alliance
X. Operation Barbarossa
A. German Advance on the Soviet Union – started in June 1941.
Negated Nazi-Soviet Pact. Hitler wanted to gain resources and living
space.
B. Germany unleashed a blitzkrieg, 3 million Germans poured into
Russia
C. Hitler instructed German military to shoot all Russian officers and
Jewish people on sight
C. Russia lost 2.5 million soldiers
D. Battle of Leningrad – 2.5 year siege, late 1941 -1944 12 degree
Fahrenheit winter
- 1.25 million residents died, 10,000 buildings destroyed
- St. Petersburg > Petrograd > Leningrad > St. Petersburg
- Boiled and chewed wall paper b/c they were starving, more than
one million Leningraders died during the siege
Battle of Leningrad
Notes Part 2
I. Growing American Involvement
A. When war began in 1939, U.S. declared its
neutrality
B. Many Americans sympathized with the Axis
Powers when the war began
C. Lend Lease Act- FDR and congress passed to
allow the lending or sale of materials to warring
countries to defend the U.S.
D. Atlantic Charter – FDR and Churchill met
secretly on a ship to set goals to stop the “Nazi
tyranny”, August 1941.
II. War in the Pacific
A. Japan wanted to create the Greater Asia
1) Asian territories devoid of Europeans
2) Attacks Tonkin Province of Indochina
a) US place embargo on scrap iron
b) Japan signs treaty w/ Italy &
Germany Sept 27, 1941.
c) FDR starts oil embargo freezes
Japan’s assets July, 27, 1941
War in the Pacific cont…
d) U.S. negotiations with Japan fail
3. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
a) Sink or disable 19 ships
b) Kill 2,400 and wound 1,000 U.S.
Soldiers
c) U.S. Enters War
III. Turning Points
A. Allies control air and sea, begin to bomb
Germany, able to stop U boats
B. Soviet Offensive
1) Surround Germans at Stalingrad
a) Captured the best soldiers of the
German Army
b) kill 100,000 and capture 80,000
soldiers
A Van Down by The River!
Turning Points Cont…
C. North Africa
1) German General Rommel was very
effective
2) Allied plan was to attack from both
sides
a) made a deal w/ Vichy France
b) close in from both sides and win
c) Hitler relieves Rommel of command
Turning Points Cont…
D. Italy
1) Allies take Sicily
2) Mussolini is fired and arrested, rescued
by Nazi troops.
3) Sept. 3 1943, Italy secretly surrenders
4) June 4, 1944 – Germany is pushed
North, the allies take Rome
Turning Points Cont…
E. The Pacific
1) Allies are winning on the sea
2) Battle of Midway – Japanese Navy is
destroyed
3) Battle of Guadalcanal – first in a series
of Island victories
Battle of Midway
IV. Operation Overlord
A. D-Day
1) June 6, 1944 – one day later than
planned.
2) Equipment and Personnel: 150,000
soldiers, 5,000 boats, and 11,000 planes
3) Germans expected invasion -location?
4) Fighting lasted for 2 months, ended
with the liberation of Paris
B. Battle of Normandy June 6,
1944 – August 25, 1944
1) Largest sea-born invasion in history –
involved 3 million soldiers
2) Allied Casualties: 53,700 dead, 18,000
missing, and 155,000 wounded
3) German Casualties: About 200,000
dead, wounded and missing, and 200,000
captured
Battle of Normandy
Battle of Normandy
Battle of Normandy
German Coastal Artillery
Mined Stakes
Allied troops on Omaha Beach
V. The War Ends
A. The Allies push east from France & the
Soviets push west.
B. Battle of the Bulge (Battle of Ardennes
1) Last German offensive, does not
break through the allied lines
C. Germany surrenders May 7, 1945
1) Hitler and his wife commit suicide
War Ends Continued…
D. Japan Falls
1. Allies take Japanese Islands of Iwo Jima
and Okinawa
2. Allies can now use planes to attack the
Japanese mainland
3. Ultimatum issued to Japan 6/26/1945
a. Surrender or we will use a
weapon never used before
b. Japan refuses
War Ends Continued…
4. Atomic Bombs
a. August 6, 1945 – Hiroshima
i. Japan refuses to surrender
b. August 9, 1945 – Nagasaki
a) 200,000 killed
c. August 14, 1945 – Japan surrenders
Aftermath at Hiroshima
Journal Activity
A. Imagine you are British or French
individual living during WWII.
1) Describe what you life is like during this time
in a one page journal entry.
2) Include a description of:
a) The social, political, and social circumstances of
the war
b) The effects on you family and country
c) The technology used in the war
d) One or two specific battles/events