Transcript Hitler - Loyola Blakefield

CH: 24.1: Dictators
Threaten World Peace
OBJECTIVE: Understand the
factors behind the rise of
dictators and how they
made neutrality
problematic.
NOTE: I strongly recommend you
use the following website:
http://americanhistory.si.edu/militar
yhistory/exhibition/flash.html
What were the failures of the Treaty
of Versailles?
•
•
•
It humiliated Germany, and it meant to.
Russia was not included. It lost more land than
Germany did, leaving it wanting more.
Allies stripped Germany of its colonies, but kept
and expanded their own.
EFFECT: Problems of the treaty, combined with the
global depression and burden of reparations
caused Democracies in Europe to collapse.
Totalitarian dictatorships took their place!!!
THE RISE OF DICTATORS
• Germany
– Hitler : pogroms (11/1938 Krystallnacht), burning of the
Reichstag
• Italy
– Mussolini: purges, Ethiopia
• Spain
– Franco: Guernica, Spanish Civil War
• What about Russia and Japan?
– Stalin and Emperor Hirohito
NOTE: I strongly recommend you use the following website:
http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/exhibition/flash.html
What are the differences between:
socialism
communism
totalitarianism
Why would people be attracted to totalitarianism?
What is the best example of totalitarianism in our
world today?
1.
IDENTIFY THE AGGRESSIVE ACTIONS OF THE DICTATORS
AND THEN
2.
AMERICA’S RESPONSES
DICATOR
Stalin
Mussolini
Hitler
Japan
AGGRESSION
USA’S RESPONSE
JOSEPH
•
Replaced
Lenin
as
leader
STALIN
of the USSR
• “purged” his country of
capitalism
• Created state-run farms
and factories
• Forced industrialization of
the USSR with “Five Year
Plans”
• Police state and “purges”
caused death of
8 to 13 MILLION.
http://library.usu.edu/Specol/digitalexhibits/masaryk/stalin.html
Appeals to WWI veterans
 Advocates a strong, centralized govt. under a dictator
= fascism
Opposed to communism
Formed a militia called “black-shirts”
Seized total control of Italy through force and intimidation
http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/printable/section.asp?id=9&sub=1
BENITO MUSSOLINI
Generalisimo
Francisco Franco
Totalitarian dictator
of Spain
Spanish Civil-War
1936-1939
fought between Fascists
and “Republicans” –
a motley group of
communists, foreign
volunteers, and
opponents of fascism.
TERRIBLE
ATROCITIES ON
BOTH SIDES!!!
http://www.herodote.net/Dossier/Guerre_Espagne.htm
Veteran of WWI
Joins the National Socialist German
Workers Party (Nazi)
Extreme Nationalist
Purity of the Aryan race
Expansion of the German state
Publishes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while
in prison
Elected Chancellor in 1933; quickly
dissolves Wiemar Republic; declares the
Third Reich
HOW DID THE GLOBAL DEPRESSION
HELP HITLER???
http://www.mnstate.edu/shoptaug/hitler2.jpg
http://www.internetweekly.org/images/hitler_in_shorts.jpg
ADOLF HITLER
Hitler
Hitler
The German leader Adolf Hitler (1889–1945) is surrounded in this propagandistic painting by
images that came to symbolize hate, genocide, and war: Nazi flags with emblems of the
swastika; the iron cross on the dictator's pocket; and Nazi troops in loyal salute. The antiSemitic Hitler denounced the United States as a "Jewish rubbish heap" of "inferiority and
Copyright
© HoughtonHistory)
Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
decadence" that was "incapable of conducting war." (U.S. Army Center
of Military
http://www.hitler.org/images/fuhrer.speaks2.jpg
Militarists in Japan
• Militarists in Japan control the Emperor and Japan
• Japan wants to expand its empire through Asia and
the Pacific
• Japan invades Manchuria in 1931
• League of Nations condemns the invasion, but does
nothing to intervene
• Japan’s militarists tighten their control over Japan
• Japan launches second invasion of China in 1937
• US protests, FDR calls for embargo of Japan
Map: Japanese Expansion Before Pearl Harbor
Japanese Expansion Before Pearl Harbor
The Japanese quest for predominance began at the turn of the century and intensified in the 1930s. China suffered the most at
the hands of Tokyo's military. Vulnerable U.S. possessions in Asia and the Pacific proved no obstacle to Japan's ambitions for
a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
• http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/shanghai-baby.jpg
Japanese Death Camps
Everyone knows about the Nazi
Holocaust, but very few know about the
genocide of 13 million civilians during
the Japanese occupation of China. The
climax of this horror was the Nanking
Massacre, the focus of this article. On
December 13, 1937, the Imperial
Japanese Army stormed the Chinese
city of Nanking, and during the
following six weeks, 300,000 people
were killed and over 20,000 women
were raped. Nanking's kill frequency
exceeds that of the Nazi Holocaust, and
most frighteningly, was not at all
systematic in execution.
http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/
~wwu/images/truth/genocide/
japan_deathfactory_map.jpg
http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~wwu/truth/genocide.shtml
Rape of Nanking – 1937-1938
http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~wwu/truth/genocide.shtml
Aggression in Europe
• Hitler pulls out of League of Nations in 1933
• Hitler follows Japan’s example and militarizes
Rhineland in 1935 (against Treaty of Versailles)
• Germany and Italy form an alliance in 1935
• Mussolini invades Ethiopia in 1935
• The League protests, but does not act
• Germany and Italy support Franco in Spain
1936-1939
• Spain becomes totalitarian state in 1939 under
Franco
American Response
• Isolationism
• 1934: Senator Nye’s investigations re: munitions
– Argues that Arms Dealers pushed US into WWI
• Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, & 1937
– Outlawed selling arms to nations at war or in civil war
• Decline of armed forces and navy
DID THESE
POLICIES WORK?
1.
IDENTIFY THE AGGRESSIVE ACTIONS OF THE DICTATORS
AND THEN
2.
AMERICA’S RESPONSES
DICATOR
Stalin
Mussolini
Hitler
Japan
AGGRESSION
USA’S RESPONSE