Transcript Dictators Threaten World Peace

World War II—How much do
you know?
• What happened on December 7, 1941?
• What Dutch girl wrote about her life
before she died in the Auschwitz
concentration camp?
• What happened on June 6, 1944?
• On what Japanese city was the first
atomic bomb dropped?
• What happened to local JapaneseAmericans in World War II?
Chapter 16: Dictators
Threaten World Peace
1922-1941: A preview
of tonight’s homework
Mussolini, Italy, 1922
His goal?
Restore the glory
of the Roman
Empire—seeks
Mare Nostrum:
“Our Sea,” or
control of the
Mediterranean
region
Hitler, Nazi Germany, 1933
Goals?
• Create a German
Empire
• Destroy communism
and European Jews
• Avenge Germany’s
humiliation in the
Versailles Peace
Treaty
What had the Versailles Treaty
(1919) done to defeated
Germany?
Territory lost:
Military limitations
• 100,000-man army
• No air force
• Sufficient navy for coastal
defense only
Reparations (payments to the
Allies)
• Germany owed $33 billion
in war damages
• $353,242,769,383 in 2005
dollars—a third of a trillion
• That was 340 times
Germany’s total income in
1921
Postwar inflation cripples
Germany
• Caused by a surge in demand
combined with war-wrecked
production and the government’s
decision to print paper money to
help pay the reparations
• A loaf of bread was worth .63
deutschmarks in 1920…
When inflation peaks In
1923, a loaf of bread will
cost…
201 billion
deutschmarks!
4.3 trillion
deutschmarks…
Got you one of these:
Here’s $5: A 1924 20 millionmark bill
Good news: The inflation
ended
Bad News: That’s because
the Great Depression
collapsed wages and
consumer prices
The boy in this photograph
is starving to death
It is now—1933—when
Hitler will come to power…
Hitler was a brilliant
communicator
• It’s difficult today for us to
understand how easily and
skillfully he could move a crowd—
it’s a “you had to be there”
experience.
• What impact do you think this film
clip was intended to have? Who
was its intended audience?
How were the workers you just
saw…
…Similar to those in the WPA or the CCC?
What differences did you sense in the
German film clip?
Remember how skillfully FDR
used the radio?
• Hitler, too, was
a master of the
new medium.
But listen to the
difference in the
two speakers…
Mussolini and Hitler are Fascists
Fascists are dedicated to…
1. Absolute dictatorship--totalitarianism
2. Private ownership, but an economy
dedicated to needs of the military
3. Military conquest
4. The militarization of society--a
“nation in uniform”
5. Destroying communism
Stalin, the Soviet Union, 1924
• His goal is to make
Russia (since 1928,
called the Soviet
Union) an economic
and military
superpower—the
U.S. fears he’ll
spread communism
The Japanese Army, 1927
• They begin to
dominate a
government
dedicated to
conquering an
empire in the
western Pacific
The United States?
• We are still deep
in the
Depression, so
most Americans
favor
isolationism—
staying out of
world affairs
But, in 1937, Japan invades
China…
• Hitler has built a
powerful army
and air force; Italy
has invaded
Ethiopia, Fascists
allied with Hitler
are leading a
revolt in
democratic Spain
FDR becomes concerned…
…and begins to
carefully lead
America
toward
intervention,
fearful for the
future of
democracy
His first step…
• Is to call for a “quarantine” of
aggressor nations—to
“quarantine” is, for example, to
isolate someone infected with a
communicable disease.
• In FDR’s speech, which you’ll read,
he’ll call for stopping trade as a
way to isolate, or quarantine
nations like Germany and Japan