Transcript AHSGE REVIEW for Social Studies Std. VI-VII

Alabama High School
Graduation Exam Review
Social Studies
Standards VI - VII
Imperialism
 In
the late 1800s and early 1900s
the U.S. became an imperialist
nation.
 This means that countries
attempted to dominate weaker
countries.
Reasons for Imperialism
 Search
for raw materials
 to become a world power
 create a market in which a nation
can sell its goods.
Hawaii
 In
the early 1890s, American
citizens overthrew the government
of Hawaii.
 In the late 1890s, the U.S. annexed
(added to) Hawaii.
 The U.S. wanted it for a naval
base.
The Spanish-American War
 The
Spanish colony of Cuba
rebelled in the late 1890s.
 The U.S. supported Cuba.
 The war with Spain began after a
US battleship, The Maine, was
sunk.
The Spanish-American War
 Yellow
Press (the exaggeration of news
stories) helped lead to the war.
 Theodore Roosevelt led his unit, the
Rough Riders, in a battle in Cuba
called San Juan Hill.
 The U.S gained Puerto Rico, the
Philippines, and Guam from the war.
 Cuba gained its independence, but the
U.S. held power over them.
The Open-Door Policy
 The
U.S. wanted free trade with
China.
The Panama Canal
 Roosevelt
began the construction
of the canal through Panama.
 Dr. William Gorgas (of Alabama)
helped wipe out yellow fever in
Panama so that workers on the
canal could work.
Roosevelt Corollary
 This
was Roosevelt’s addition to
the Monroe Doctrine that stated the
U.S. had the right to intervene in
South American nations to stop
problems.
Four Long Term Causes of WWI

The MAIN causes:
 Militarism:
the aggressive build up of a nations
armed forces in preparation for war.
 Alliances: a system of alliances in Europe
bound these countries to come to each others
aid in case of attack.
 Imperialism: European countries competed
with each other for land around the world.
 Nationalism: a.)some countries worked for their
own national interests, b.) while some countries
were divided by ethnic groups that wanted their
own nation..
The Immediate Cause of WWI
 The
event that sparked WWI into
beginning was the assassination of
the Archduke Francis Ferdinand of
Austria-Hungary.
 His death sparked a conflict which
quickly spread into war, but the
four MAIN causes were the real
reason of the war.
The Western Front
 The
war between Germany and
France, Great Britain, and, later the
U.S., took place in the Western part
of Europe.
 Most of the war was fought in
horrible conditions in trenches.
U.S. Entry into WWI
 The
German practice of
unrestricted submarine warfare was
one cause of the U.S.’s entry into
WWI.
Example:
Lusitania
The sinking of the
U.S. Entry into WWI
 The
Zimmerman Note (Telegram)
was one of the causes.
 The Germans attempted to get the
Mexicans to go to war with the
U.S. to keep us from fighting
Germany.
Mobilization
 The
U.S. began to ready troops for
war following these events.
America’s Military Role
 The
U.S. entered WWI near the
end of the war.
 The U.S. provided fresh troops,
supplies, and a boost in morale.
The Homefront during WWI
 The
U.S. had to raise money for
the war by selling liberty bonds.
 The government began to organize
corporations for the purpose of
preparing for war.
The Homefront during WWI
 Hatred
of foreigners, especially
Germans, increased during WWI.
 This is known as nativism.
 During the war, the government
banned criticism of the war with
the Espionage and Sedition Acts.
Technological Innovations
 During
the war several innovations
occurred:
airplanes
machine
guns
tanks
submarines
poison
gas
Treaty of Versailles
 This
treaty ended WWI
 In this treaty, Germany lost all its
colonies, its military, had to make
reparations of over $30 billion, and
had to accept a war-guilt clause.
this
meant they had to accept blame for
the war
 This
treaty also created a League
of Nations
The Treaty of Versailles
 President
Wilson wanted the U.S.
to become a member of the League
and sign the treaty.
 The U.S. did not become a member
of the League or did it sign the
Treaty of Versailles.
 Congress rejected the treaty.
The Treaty of Versailles
 This
treaty was so hated in
Germany that it would be one of
the leading factors leading into
WWII.
The Roaring Twenties
 This
term refers to the period of
rapid development and change that
occurred in the 1920s.
The Lost Generation
 A group
of writers who shared the
belief that they were lost in a greedy,
materialistic world that lacked moral
values.
 Some of these writers were F. Scott
Fitzgerald and Ernst Hemingway.
The Harlem Renaissance
 The African American
literary
movement centered in Harlem (in
New York City)
 Some of the writers were Zora
Neale Hurston, Claude McKay,
Cuntee Cullen, Langston Hughes.
Jazz Age
 This
refers to the rise in
popularity of jazz music in the
1920s.
 W.C. Handy (from Alabama)
becomes one of the leaders of
this new musical style.
Mass Entertainment
 The
development of the radio
and the film industry led to the
rise of a national culture.
Underside of the 1920s
 Poverty,
an unorganized labor
force, a decline in farm prices were
all problems faced in the 1920s.
Prohibition
 The 18th Amendment banned
alcohol.
 It had the undesirable effect of
causing a rise in crime in the
U.S.
 Crime bosses, like Al Capone,
became rich selling alcohol.
Women’s Issues
 Women
gained the right to vote
in the 1920s with the passage of
the 19th Amendment,
 Margaret Sanger became an
advocate for birth control rights
for women.
Racial Problems
 In
the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan
rose in power.
 As the Great Migration of African
Americans from the South to the
North occurred, racial problems,
like riots, in Northern cities grew.
 In the South, lynching (hangings)
became commonplace.
Ethnic Conflicts
 Fear
of different ethnic and foreign
groups grew following WWI.
 The Red Scare (a fear of
communism) developed because
many saw it as a foreign plot to
destroy America.
Ethnic Conflict
 Sacco
and Vanzetti were Italian
immigrants who were executed
for murder, but who were most
likely innocent.
 The trial became a symbol for
the fear of foreigners that
developed in the 1920s.
Ethnic Problems
 Immigration
laws were changed
during the 1920s to make it
more difficult for foreigners to
move to the U.S..
Underlying Causes of the Great
Depression
of income – great differences
between the poor and the rich
 Stock market speculation – too many
people were investing in stocks who
could not afford it and the value of
stocks were overrated.
 Collapse of the farm economy –
farmers were suffering in the 1920s
due to overproduction and low prices
for their goods
 Disparity
The Wall Street Crash
 In
1929, the value of all stocks in
America fell dramatically.
 This “crash” in value is the event
that sparked the Great Depression.
Problems in the Depression
 Many
people became unemployed,
homeless, and malnourished.
The Dust Bowl
 In
western states like Kansas and
Oklahoma, severe dust storms
added to the problems caused by
the Great Depression.
Alabama’s Economy
 Poor Alabamians
suffered
tremendously during the
Depression.
 Those who were especially hurt
were poor farmers in the Tennessee
River Valley and in the
Appalachian Mountain region.
President Hoover
 Hoover,
a Republican, was president
when the Great Depression began
 He believed the government should not
get involved with the economy.
This belief is known as laissez-faire.
 He believed the economy, if left alone,
would correct itself.
FDR
 Franklin
Delano Roosevelt, a
Democrat, was elected because he
said the government should help
the economy improve.
 His plan to end the depression was
called the New Deal
The New Deal: FDIC
 One
of the first parts of FDR’s plan
was the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC).
 It insures people’s bank accounts.
The New Deal: Social Security
 Social
Security provides pension
plans to workers when they retire.
 It also provides aid to those who
are unemployed or disabled.
The New Deal: WPA
 The
Works Progress
Administration put unemployed
people to work in construction
projects as well as other types of
work.
The New Deal: CCC
 The
Civilian Conservation Corps
(CCC) put young men to work
building parks and roads.
The New Deal: NLRB
 The
National Labor Relations
Board helped solve problems
between workers and employers.
The New Deal: Fair Labor Standards
Act
 This
act helped create the
minimum wage.
The New Deal: Criticisms
 The
New Deal was sometimes
criticized for being expensive and
giving the government more
power.
Cultural Changes During the New
Deal
 Movies
and radio programs
became a way to escape the
problems of the Depression
 FDR spoke on the radio to
Americans to lift their spirits.
These talks were known as
fireside chats.
Causes of WWII
 In
Europe the Causes of WWII were:
The Munich Conference – this
meeting allowed Germany to annex
the Sudetenland. They promised not
to take anything else. They lied.
Invasion of Poland – in 1939
Germany invaded Poland. Britain
and France declared war.
Causes of WWII
 In Asia
the Causes of WWII were:
Japanese expansion – the
Japanese expanded their empire
into other nations in Asia. The
U.S. was unhappy about this.
Pearl Harbor – the Japanese
attacked a U.S. Naval base in
Hawaii in Dec of 1941. This led
the U.S. to declare war on Japan.
The Two Sides in WWII
 The Axis
Powers were:
Japan, Italy, and Germany
 The Allied Powers were:
Great Britain, France, the Soviet
Union (USSR), China, and Japan
The Leaders in WWII
 FDR:
president of the United
States
 Stalin: leader of the Soviet Union
 Churchill: Prime Minister of Great
Britain
 Hitler: leader of Germany; leader
of the Nazi party
 Mussolini: leader of Italy
Women in the War

In the United States during WWII, women
got new rights:
 Women
served in the military as support
personnel
 More importantly, women worked in factories
taking the place of men who were fighting
Life on the Homefront
 Goods
were rationed during the
war.
This meant that goods were
limited to the amount you could
purchase so that there was
enough for the soldiers.
 The government sold war bonds to
raise money for the war.
Stalingrad
 Germany’s
Nazi army was
defeated by the Soviet army at
Stalingrad.
 This battle marked the “turning
point” of World War II in Europe.
Midway
 The
Japanese defeat at Midway
Island by American forces marked
the “turning point” of World War II
in Asia.
North Africa
 Dwight
D. Eisenhower led the first
major invasion by American forces
in World War II in North Africa.
 The invasion led to German and
Italian troops being driven out of
Africa.
Military Leaders of World War II
Eisenhower led U.S. forces in Europe.
 Douglas MacArthur led U.S. forces against
Japan.

The Holocaust
 During
WWII Hitler ordered that
the Jews of Europe be killed.
 The genocide (mass murder) of the
Jews is called the Holocaust.
 Six million Jews were killed.
 American troops helped to liberate
(free) the Concentration Camps
that held Jews who were still alive.
The Atomic Bomb
 The
Manhattan Project was the name
of the secret plan to build an atomic
bomb in the United States.
 The first bomb was dropped on
Hiroshima, Japan.
 The second bomb was dropped on
Nagasaki, Japan.
 The Japanese surrendered after the
bombs were used.
Compare WWI & WWII
 The
U.S. in both wars was at first
neutral.
 In both wars the U.S. fought
Germany.
 In both wars the U.S. fought to
help spread democracy.