Transcript The Cold War

Why was there a War?
Why Cold?
Was it Cold?
Summary
The Cold War is the name given to the relationship that
developed primarily between the USA and the USSR after
World War Two. The Cold War was to dominate international
affairs for decades and many major crises occurred - the Cuban
Missile Crisis, Vietnam, Hungary and the Berlin Wall being just
some. For many the growth in weapons of mass destruction
was the most worrying issue.
 Do note that USSR in 1945 was Russia post-1917 and included
all the various countries that now exist individually (Ukraine,
Georgia etc) but after the war they were part of this huge
country up until the collapse of the Soviet Union (the other
name for the USSR).
 Logic would dictate that as the USA and the USSR fought as
allies during World War Two, their relationship after the war
would be firm and friendly. This never happened and any
appearance that these two powers were friendly during the war
is illusory.
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From Left to Right: Winston Churchill, Franklin
Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin
WWII Allies meeting after Germany’s surrender
End of WWII
Before the war, America had depicted the Soviet Union as almost the devilincarnate. The Soviet Union had depicted America likewise so their ‘friendship’
during the war was simply the result of having a mutual enemy - Nazi Germany.
In fact, one of America’s leading generals, Patton, stated that he felt that the
Allied army should unite with what was left of the Wehrmacht in 1945, utilise the
military genius that existed within it (such as the V2’s etc.) and fight the
oncoming Soviet Red Army. Churchill himself was furious that Eisenhower, as
supreme head of Allied command, had agreed that the Red Army should be
allowed to get to Berlin first ahead of the Allied army. His anger was shared by
Montgomery, Britain’s senior military figure.
 So the extreme distrust that existed during the war, was certainly present before
the end of the war……..and this was between Allies. The Soviet leader, Joseph
Stalin, was also distrustful of the Americans after Truman only told him of a new
terrifying weapon that he was going to use against the Japanese. The first
Stalin knew of what this weapon could do was when reports on Hiroshima got
back to Moscow.
 So this was the scene after the war ended in 1945. Both sides distrusted the
other. One had a vast army in the field (the Soviet Union with its Red Army
supremely lead by Zhukov) while the other, the Americans had the most
powerful weapon in the world, the A-bomb and the Soviets had no way on
knowing how many America had.
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Textbook Read
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Topics: Communism, Cold War,
Capitalism, Berlin Wall
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What was it?
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How did it contribute to the Cold War?
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Explain why you think it was a good or
bad idea.
Questions (Discuss and answer)
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Why did the Allies not get along after the
war?
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What do you think the result was in
Europe?
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How was Germany affected?-see Duell
powerpoint
What is a Cold War?
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Hot War : this is actual warfare. All talks have
failed and the armies are fighting.
Warm War : this is where talks are still going
on and there would always be a chance of a
peaceful outcome but armies, navies etc. are
being fully mobilised and war plans are being
put into operation ready for the command to
fight.
Cold War : this term is used to describe the
relationship between America and the Soviet
Union 1945 to 1980. Neither side ever fought
the other - the consequences would be too
appalling
Democracy vs Communism
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So why were these two super powers so
distrustful of the other?
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America
Soviet Union
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Free elections
No elections or fixed

Democratic
Autocratic / Dictatorship
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Capitalist
Communist
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‘Survival of the fittest’
Everybody helps everybody
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Richest world power
Poor economic base
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Personal freedom
Society controlled by the NKVD
(secret police)
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Freedom of the media
Total censorship
Questions

What were the key disagreements
between Democracy and Communism?
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What is the difference between
Communism and Totalitarianism?
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What do you think happened when
these two ideologies were promoted by
the two most powerful nations?
MAD
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Mutually Assured Destruction
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Why?
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Espionage
Fog of War
 9:00-20
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Recipe for Cold War
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* American fear of communist attack
* Truman’s dislike of Stalin
* Russia’s fear of the American's atomic bomb
* Russia’s dislike of capitalism
* Russia’s actions in the Soviet zone of
Germany
* America’s refusal to share nuclear secrets
* Russia’s expansion west into Eastern Europe
+ broken election promises
* Russia’s fear of American attack
* Russia’s need for a secure western border
* Russia’s aim of spreading world communism
Democracy (Blue) vs
Communism (Red)
Where did Communism come
from?

Communism - Marxism & The Communist Manifesto
Communism, which is also described as "Revolutionary
Proletarian Socialism" or "Marxism," is both a political and
economic philosophy. The abridgment of Communism is
enclosed in two primary writings: (1) The Communist
Manifesto, which was first published in 1848 by Karl Marx,
and (2) Principles of Communism, by Friedrich Engels. At the
request of the Communist League, an activist group they
were members of, Marx and Engels together authored The
Communist Manifesto. The main goal of The Communist
Manifesto was to focus on class struggle and motivate the
common people to riot. Even more so, it was designed to
envision a model government, whose economics would
destroy the upper class - freeing the lower class from
tyranny. According to The Communist Manifesto,
Communism has ten essential planks:
Communism Clip
Communism
The Basics
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Abolition of Private Property.
Heavy Progressive Income Tax.
Abolition of Rights of Inheritance.
Confiscation of Property Rights.
Central Bank.
Government Ownership of Communication and
Transportation.
Government Ownership of Factories and Agriculture.
Government Control of Labor.
Corporate Farms and Regional Planning.
Government Control of Education.
Fundamentally, The Communist Manifesto was a
rebellion against the extreme poverty of the lower class.
Religion?
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Communism - Atheism and Amorality
Communism doesn't end with economic and
political reform. By definition, it further demands
the abolition of both Religion and the Absolute
Morality founded upon Religion. The irony is that
Communism supposedly attempts to enhance
civility within society, but removes all notions of
Absolute Morality, the very cornerstone of civility.
Furthermore, after Communism is instituted by the
people, the system becomes Totalitarian, resulting
in greater oppression of the people it was
designed to "serve." This fact is well documented
throughout the history of Communist nations.
Religion questions
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Why does Communism believe in the
abolition of religion?
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What would this accomplish?
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Why does Democracy allow religion?
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Write a short narative expressing your
feelings at having to give up religion.
Why do you feel this way?
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Communism - Foundation in Czarism
Communism, though distinctive, is thought
by some to have been heavily influenced
by Czarism, a Totalitarian regime replaced
by Communism after Russia's 1917
Revolution.
Essay Prep
Question:
 1.) Describe the “Cold War”
 2.) Explain what the Berlin Wall had to
do with Political Ideology

Ideas/Content
Describes:
 Cold War
 Berlin Wall
 Communism
 Capitalism
 Political Ideology
 USSR
 Democracy/NATO
 Nuclear

Organization
Modern Cold War-Taiwan/China, North
Korea/Japan, India/Pakistan,
Israel/Palestine
 Communist countries- Soviet Union,
North Korea, China, Cuba
 Democratic countries- America, South
Korea, Japan, Indonesia
 Germany-built Berlin Wall (separate
land), Korea-DMZ, bordersMexico/America
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Word Choice
Ideas/Content/Organization words
 Vocabulary words
 Warm/Hot/Cold War
 Berlin Airlift
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Sentence Fluency
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The Cold War, Political Ideology and
The Berlin Wall.
Who is Dr Seuss?
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"OH, THE PLACES YOU'LL GO!
THERE IS FUN TO BE DONE! THERE ARE
POINTS TO BE SCORED. THERE ARE GAMES TO BE WON."
From: Oh, The Places You'll Go!
Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known to the world as the beloved Dr. Seuss,
was born in 1904 on Howard Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. Ted's
father, Theodor Robert, and grandfather were brewmasters in the city. His
mother, Henrietta Seuss Geisel, often soothed her children to sleep by
"chanting" rhymes remembered from her youth. Ted credited his mother with
both his ability and desire to create the rhymes for which he became so well
known.
Although the Geisels enjoyed great financial success for many years, the
onset of World War I and Prohibition presented both financial and social
challenges for the German immigrants. Nonetheless, the family persevered
and again prospered, providing Ted and his sister, Marnie, with happy
childhoods.
The influence of Ted's memories of Springfield can be seen throughout his
work. Drawings of Horton the Elephant meandering along streams in the
Jungle of Nool, for example, mirror the watercourses in Springfield's Forest
Park from the period.
Political Cartoons
Dr Seuss Cartoon Book-bookshelf

As World War II approached, Ted's focus shifted, and he began
contributing weekly political cartoons to PM magazine, a liberal
publication. Too old for the draft, but wanting to contribute to the
war effort, Ted served with Frank Capra's Signal Corps (U.S.
Army) making training movies. It was here that he was
introduced to the art of animation and developed a series of
animated training films featuring a trainee called Private Snafu.
See Horton-In theaters now!!
His honors included two
Academy awards, two Emmy
awards, a Peabody award
and the Pulitzer Prize.
Lets Read The Butter Battle
Things to think about:

Fact: Dr Seuss lived through WWII and the
Cold War and wrote political cartoons

The Essay Topic: Cold War and The Berlin Wall
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The Essential Question: What effect do political
ideologies have on the world?
Scored Discussion
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Get out your scoring sheets.
What was Stalin thinking?
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Europe by the summer of 1945 was very different to
the Europe that had started out on war in
September 1939. The Allies (USA, Britain and
France) had started to fall out with Stalin’s Russia
during the war itself. Stalin had wanted the Allies to
start a second front in 1943. This, the Allies
claimed, was not possible. Stalin got it into his mind
that the Allies were deliberately allowing Russia to
take on the might of two-thirds of the Wehrmacht in
eastern Europe. Such a military campaign, he
believed, would leave the USSR so weakened once
the war was over that the Allies would have major
military superiority over Russia almost immediately
hostilities ceased.
Who was Joseph Stalin

It is known that after his speeches, the
clapping could go on for more than 5
minutes.

Why?
Joseph Stalin,
Man of the Year
Jan. 1, 1940
Joseph Stalin
Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich (1879-1953), Russian revolutionary, head of the USSR (192453).
A Georgian cobbler's son named Dzhugashvili, he joined the Social-Democratic party while a
seminarian and soon became a professional revolutionary. In the 1903 party split he sided with
LENIN. Stalin attended party congresses abroad and worked in the Georgian party press. In
1912 he went to St. Petersburg, where he was elected to the party's central committee. About
this time he took the name Stalin (man of steel). His sixth arrest (1913) led to four years of
Siberian exile.
After the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION of March 1917, he joined the editorial board of the party
paper Pravda. When the Bolsheviks took power (Nov. 1917) he became people's commissar of
nationalities. He also played an important administrative role in the civil war (1918-20).
In 1922 Stalin was made general secretary of the party. Lenin, before he died in 1924, wrote a
testament urging Stalin's removal from the post because of his arbitrary conduct; but in the
struggle to succeed Lenin, Stalin was victorious. By 1927 he had discarded his erstwhile allies
BUKHARIN, KAMENEV, and ZINOVIEV; in 1929 TROTSKY, his major rival for the succession,
was exiled from the USSR. Forcible agricultural collectivization and breakneck industrialization
began in 1928. The state, instead of withering away, as Marx had foreseen, was glorified.
Nationalism was revived as socialism in one country. The military was reorganized along
czarist lines. Conservatism permeated official policy on art, education, and the family.
congress, KHRUSHCHEV denounced Stalin's tyranny, but destalinization has never been
thoroughgoing.
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Continued…
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Political repression and terror reached a height in the 1930s. In a
public trial Bukharin, Kamenev, Zinoviev, and others were charged with
conspiring to overthrow the regime; they confessed and were
executed. Enormous numbers of ordinary citizens also fell victim.
Stalin's foreign policy in the 1930s focused on efforts to form alliances
with Britain and France against NAZI Germany; the 1939 RussoGerman nonaggression pact marked the failure of these efforts. In
1941 Stalin took over the premiership from MOLOTOV.
The German invasion (June 22) found him unprepared; at war's end
(1945) 20 million Russians were dead . At the TEHERAN
CONFERENCE and the YALTA CONFERENCE Stalin gained Western
recognition of a Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe. The
paranoia of his last years led to a period of terror reminiscent of the
1930s.
On his death (1953) his body was placed next to Lenin's. In 1956, at
the 20th Party Congress, KHRUSHCHEV denounced Stalin's tyranny,
but destalinization has never been thoroughgoing.
Stalin Video
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Questions
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What led to Stalin’s rise?
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What in his past caused him to be so
violent?
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In a paragraph, explain how ones past
often shapes their future
Russian Propaganda Video
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Propaganda Expression
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What expressive words do you feel this
video is supposed to bring out?
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Is it effective?
Harry S Truman
Harry S. Truman, 32nd President of the United States (33rd counting Grover Cleveland
twice), was born May 8, 1884, in Lamar, Missouri. He was the son of John Anderson
Truman and Martha Ellen Young Truman. The Trumans moved to Cass County and in
1887 to the Young family farm in Grandview. The family moved again in 1890 to
Independence, Missouri. John Truman made a comfortable living for his family, and from
his childhood Harry Truman was called on to perform his daily chores and to help on the
farm. His mother, who had a college education, taught Harry how to read and started his
lessons on piano.
Harry was regarded as a bright student by his teachers and graduated from
Independence High School in 1901 at the age of 17. Truman worked briefly as
timekeeper for a railroad construction contractor and then obtained work in nearby
Kansas City.
He worked as a clerk at the National Bank of Commerce, and later as a bookkeeper at
the Union National Bank. After four years of working in the city, he returned to the
Grandview farm in 1906. (See what farming was like in early 1900's.)
Truman joined the Missouri National Guard in 1905 and was discharged as a corporal in
1911. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, he helped organize the 2nd
Regiment of Missouri Field Artillery, which was called into Federal service as the 129th
Field Artillery. In France, where he was promoted to Captain and given command of
Battery D of the regiment; he participated in the Vosges, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne
campaigns.
August 5, 1963
Dear Kup:
I appreciated most highly your column of July 30th, a copy of which you sent me.
I have been rather careful not to comment on the articles that have been written on the
dropping of the bomb for the simple reason that the dropping of the bomb was completely and
thoroughly explained in my Memoirs, and it was done to save 125,000 youngsters on the
American side and 125,000 on the Japanese side from getting killed and that is what it did. It
probably also saved a half million youngsters on both sides from being maimed for life.
You must always remember that people forget, as you said in your column, that the
bombing of Pearl Harbor was done while we were at peace with Japan and trying our best to
negotiate a treaty with them.
All you have to do is to go out and stand on the keel of the Battleship in Pearl Harbor
with the 3,000 youngsters underneath it who had no chance whatever of saving their lives.
That is true of two or three other battleships that were sunk in Pearl Harbor. Altogether, there
were between 3,000 and 6,000 youngsters killed at that time without any declaration of war. It
was plain murder.
I knew what I was doing when I stopped the war that would have killed a half a million
youngsters on both sides if those bombs had not been dropped. I have no regrets and, under
the same circumstances, I would do it again -- and this letter is not confidential.
Sincerely yours,
Harry S. Truman
Nikita Khrushchev
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich 1894-1971, Soviet leader. Of
Ukrainian peasant origin, he joined the Communist party in 1918,
becoming a member of its central committee in 1934.
As first secretary of the Ukrainian party (from 1938) he carried out
STALIN's purge of its ranks. As a full member of the politburo (after
1939) he was a close associate of Stalin. In the power struggle after
Stalin's death (1953) he emerged as first secretary of the party.
At the 1956 party congress he delivered a secret report denouncing
Stalin's policies and personality. The new atmosphere of freedom,
however, led to uprisings in Poland and Hungary that year. In 1957 he
replaced BULGANIN as premier, becoming head of both state and
party. As part of his policy of peaceful coexistence in the COLD WAR,
he toured the U.S. in 1959 and met with Pres. EISENHOWER; but in
1960 he canceled the Paris summit conference after a U.S.
reconnaissance plane was shot down over the USSR.
Repeated crop failures, his retreat in the CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
(1962), and the ideological rift with China led to his removal from power
in Oct. 1964.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight David Eisenhower, (1890-1969), American general and 34th
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES was the principal architect of
the successful Allied invasion of Europe during World War II and of the
subsequent defeat of Nazi Germany. As President, Eisenhower ended
the Korean War, but his two terms (1953-1961) produced few legislative
landmarks or dramatic initiatives in foreign policy. His presidency is
remembered as a period of relative calm in the United States.
Eisenhower spent his first 50 years in almost total obscurity. A
professional soldier, he was not even particularly well known within the
U.S. Army. His rise to fame during World War II was meteoric: a
lieutenant colonel in 1941, he was a five-star general in 1945. As
supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force, he commanded
the most powerful force ever assembled under one man. He is one of
the few generals ever to command major naval forces; he directed the
world's greatest air force; he is the only man ever to command
successfully an integrated, multinational alliance of ground, sea, and air
forces. He led the assault on the French coast at Normandy, on June 6,
1944, and held together the Allied units through the European campaign
that followed, concentrating everyone's attention on a single objective:
the defeat of Nazi Germany, completed on May 8, 1945.
Video Questions
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Remember: Bias
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What is socialism?
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What role does government play?
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What are individual rights?
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What is democracy?
Are Communist ideas ever right
and what is democracy anyway?

Watch clips from Sicko

Socialist medicine
 Start-5 minutes
 Socialism vs Democracy: 41- 70min
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Indonesia and America vs. Britain France
Can Socialism and Capitalism
Join forces?
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Parlevous what now?
 70min Won’t it make him lazy for 3 months with
pay? If people are given too much do they
get lazy and not work?

Whats life like in Sweden?
Scored Discussion

What role if any should socialism play in
our society?
Power of the Poor
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Essential Question: After WWII the poor
became powerful. Why?
MAD
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Mutually Assured Destruction
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Why?

Espionage
Fog of War
 9:00-20
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JFK
Cuban Missile Crisis
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Fog of War 16:00
Vietnam
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Fog of War
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43:00-59:00