Transcript Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany
1933 - 1945
VS
Who is Adolf Hitler?
•Adolf Hitler was leader of Germany
during the Third Reich (1933 – 1945)
and the primary instigator of both
the Second World War in Europe and the
mass execution of millions of people
deemed to be "enemies" or inferior to the
Aryan ideal. He was of Austrian
background.
•After WW1 Hitler became convinced
he was destined to save Germany. In
1919, working for an army unit, he was
assigned to spy on a political party of
roughly 40 idealists called the German
Workers Party.
•Instead he joined it, swiftly rose to a position of dominance (he was chairman by
1921) and renamed it the Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP). He gave the
party the Swastika as a symbol and organised a personal army of ‘storm troopers’
(the SA) and a bodyguard of black shirted men, the SS, to attack opponents.
Public Speaker
• http://video.google.com/videoplay?doci
d=5958488170373081347#docid=138554
2560797536164
Jewish Diaspora
• Diaspora: the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel;
from the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in
587-86 BC when they were exiled to Babylonia up to
the present time.
• Today’s meaning: The dispersion of any people from
their original homeland
• Due to political and religious unrest in the Middle
East, the Jewish people had no choice but to
emigrate to Eastern and Western Europe.
The use of Terror
• The SS
– an elite group of committed Nazis, used to
eliminate the SA (Storm Troopers) in June
1934
– charged with internal security
– guarded concentration camps
– hunted political enemies
– commanded by Heinrich Himmler
The use of Terror
• The Gestapo
– The secret state police. Used to suppress
hostility to the regime at home and in
occupied territories.
– Commanded by Heinrich Himmler
The use of Terror
• Concentration Camps
– run by the SS to detain enemies of the
state
– Dachau 1933
– Prisoners Jews, political, priests, antisocials
– By 1939 six camps were operating.
– Extermination Camps Auschwitz-Birkenau
Role of Propaganda
• The Press
– all non Nazi newspapers and magazines
were taken over or closed
– all content was strictly controlled
Radio
All stations under state control. Cheap
mass produced radios sold. Sets
installed in cafes and factories. All
Hitlers speeches broadcast.
Role of Propaganda
• Films : Over 100 000 made all approved
by Joseph Goebbels. All films given a
pro Nazi stance
Role of Propaganda
• Rallies and Campaigns
– Annual rally at Nuremburg
– 1936 Olympic Games, used as propaganda
– Local rallies and fund raising led by the
Hitler Youth and local party organisations
– Posters used to promote Nazi ideals
Role of Propaganda
• Books and Art
– writers, and composers persuaded or
forced to produce works in praise of Hitler
– Books written by Jews, Communists etc
were banned and many destroyed in public
book burning in 1933
– Jazz music banned because of its black
origins
The Poisonous Mushroom
• The Poisonous Mushroom was a
collection of 17 short stories by the
Nazi writer Ernst Hiemer, with pictures
by the Nazi artist Fips.
• The purpose of the stories was to
indoctrinate (brainwash) young
German children to despise and hate
the Jews. The stories infiltrated the
thoughts and beliefs of German
children.
• By studying them, historians can
observe how the Nazis thought, and
how they taught their children to think
the same way as them.
• In the first story of the book, a German
mother explains to her son how there are
good and bad people, just as there are edible
and poisonous mushrooms. The Jews, she
tells him, are a 'poison' within
Germany. 'Just as a single poisonous
mushroom can kill a whole family, so a
solitary Jew can destroy a whole village, a
whole city, even an entire folk.' she warns
him.
• By thus enticing the young German readers to empathise with
the heroes, the writer was able to draw German children in to
absorbing his opinions. The children are shown as 'finding out'
the truth about the Jews. In doing so, they prove themselves
good boys and girls who please their parents and teachers.
• In one story, the teacher - a trusted authority who children
naturally believe - teaches the children about Jewish features:
'One can tell a Jew by his nose. The Jewish nose is bent at the
tip. It looks like a figure 6.' When he turns round the board,
the children read and learn this verse:
• From a Jew's face The wicked Devil speaks to us,
• The Devil who, in every country, Is known as evil plague.
• Would we from the Jew be free, Again be gay and happy,
• Then must youth fight with us To get rid of the Jewish Devil.
Disney’s Education for Death
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8b
CuNiJ-NI&feature=related
Persecution of the Jews
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Hitler blamed the Jews for Treaty of Versailles
Territory: Alsace Lorraine, captured by Germany in 1870, was returned
to France.
The Saar, an important German coalfield, was to be given to France for
15 years, after which a plebiscite would decide ownership.
Poland became an independent country with a 'route to the sea', a
corridor of land cutting Germany in two.
Danzig, a major port in East Prussia (Germany) was to be under
international rule.
All German and Turkish Colonies were taken away and put under Allied
control.
Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Czechoslovakia were made independent.
Austria-Hungary was split up and Yugoslavia was created.
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Arms: The left bank of the Rhine was to be occupied by Allied forces
and the right bank demilitarised.
The German army was cut to 100,000 men.
Wartime weapons were to be scrapped.
The German Navy was cut to 36 ships and no submarines.
Germany was banned from having an Air Force
An anschluss (union) between Germany and Austria was banned.
Reparations and Guilt:
In the 'war guilt' clause Germany has to accept total blame for the war.
Germany had to pay roughly £6000 million in compensation.
The League of Nations:
A League of Nations was to be created to prevent further world
conflict.
• Reactions:
• Germany lost 13% of its land, 12% of its people, 48% of its iron
resources, 15% of it agricultural production and 10% of it coal.
Perhaps understandably, German public opinion soon swung
against this 'Diktat', while the Germans who signed it were
called the 'November Criminals'. Britain and France felt the
treaty was fair – they actually wanted harsher terms imposed
on the Germans – but the United States refused to ratify it
because they didn't want to be part of the League of Nations.
–Inflation 1923
–Economic collapse 1929 -32
(Great Depression)
Persecution of the Jews
• 1933 –boycott of Jewish shops
• Jews excluded from Government jobs
• Thousands of professional Jewish
people were dismissed from jobs
• 1934 - Jews banned from public places,
parks, swimming pools etc.
Persecution of the Jews
• 1935 - The Nuremburg Laws 15
September
• 1 - The Reich Law on citizenship only those of German blood can be
citizens, and have the right to vote.
• 2- Law for the protection of
German Blood and Honour - forbids
marriage or sexual relations between
Jews and German citizens
Persecution of the Jews
• 1936 - 37
– The professional activity of Jews is banned
or restricted - includes vets, doctors,
dentists, accountants, teachers and nurses
– 1938 Qualifications of Jewish doctors is
cancelled
Persecution of the Jews
• 1938 - Kristalnacht - 9th November
– Following the murder of a German
diplomat in Paris by a Jew a campaign is
started which lasted 3 days and targets
Jewish shops, homes and synagogues. 90
killed 20 000 arrested and sent to
concentration camps
– Jewish children excluded form schools and
Universities
Persecution of the Jews
• 1939 - Jews no longer allowed to run
businesses and shops
– forbidden to own radios and to buy cakes
and chocolate
– 1940 - 42 Jews deported from Germany
Jews in occupied territories moved into
ghettos and used as slave labour. Special
SS groups formed to deal with the Jews.
Gassing in ovens starts
Persecution of the Jews
• The Wannsee Conference Jan 1942
• Decision taken by Nazi leaders led by
Heydrich, SS General, meet to discuss
the final solution
• Decision to evacuate all Jews to
extermination camps in Poland is taken
• Over 4.5 million Jews killed in death
camps
Persecution of minorities
• Homosexuals, Gypsies, ill people and other
undesirables sent to concentration camps
• Mentally ill sent to concentration camps
• The Euthanasia programme
– people judged worthless to the regime were killed.
– 5,000 children 71, 000 adults
– Stopped in 1941 after protest from Pope
– Forced Sterilisation programme to prevent
contamination of the Aryan race
Satire or Anti-Semitism?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZcs
1SHVbz0&feature=related
Mein Kampf
• “What we must fight for is to safeguard the existence
and reproduction of our race and our people, the
sustenance [nourishment] of our children and the
purity of our blood, the freedom and independence of
the fatherland, so that our people may mature for
the fulfillment of the mission allotted [given] to it by
the creator of the universe”.
• What are your thoughts on the implications of blind
devotion to a leader?