Transcript 1933-1945
The Holocaust: a great or complete devastation or destruction, especially by fire; any mass slaughter or reckless destruction of life http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 Historical Context of The Holocaust 1933-1945 http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 Anti-Semitism http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 1933-1945 http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 1933 Hitler becomes Chancellor http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 March 22, 1933 Dachau Concentration Camp Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Dachau Gates 1933-1945 April 1, 1933 Boycott of Jewish Businesses http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 May 10, 1933 Book Burnings http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 Night of the Long Knives June 30, 1934 "If anyone reproaches me and asks why I did not resort to the regular courts of justice, then all I can say is this: In this hour I was responsible for the fate of the German people, and thereby I became the supreme judge of the German people." "It was no secret that this time the revolution would have to be bloody; when we spoke of it we called it 'The Night of the Long Knives.' Everyone must know for all future time that if he raises his hand to strike the State, then certain death is his lot." http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 Sept. 10, 1935 Nuremberg Laws http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 July 1938 Evian Conference http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 October 1938 Deportations Begin http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 November 9, 1938 Kristallnacht“The Night of the Broken Glass” http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 Sept. 1, 1939 WWII Begins: Blitzkreig: “Lightning War” http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org Heinrich Himmler on Polish Education Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF • “The sole goal of this schooling is to teach them simple arithmetic, nothing above the number 500; writing one’s name; and the doctrine that it is divine law to obey the Germans…I do not think that reading is desirable.” • --May 1940 1933-1945 October 1939 T-4/Euthanasia Program “Mercy Killing” http://www.ushmm.org Slide taken from a Nazi propaganda filmstrip, promoting "euthanasia," prepared for the Hitler Youth. The caption says: "Mentally ill Negro (English) 16 years in an institution costing 35,000 RM [Reichsmarks]." __________ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum http://www.ushmm.org Summer 1941 1933-1945 Killing Squads: Einsatzgruppen “task forces or intervention groups” http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor http://www.ushmm.org 1933-20, 1945 January 1942 Wannsee Conference Reinhard Heydrich, chief of SD (Security) Service http://www.ushmm.org The Final Solution Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF The Jews were seen as a problem to be taken care of, and so the solution to the Jewish problem was the code name of the Final Solution: To exterminate all Jews from the face of the earth. There were even plans to eliminate all Jews in the United States. 19331945 Summer 1942 Deportations to camps and killing centers begin Different Kinds of Camps: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF • Concentration Camps-Jews were selected on arrival to either work or be killed in gas chambers. • Killing Centers were camps with gas chambers where Jews didn’t go through a selection but were killed right away. http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Lodz Ghetto Deportation Station Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Lodz Ghetto Deportation Station 1933-1945 1942 Camp Life… and Death Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz I Guard Tower Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz/Birkenau Entrance Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum http://www.ushmm.org Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz/Birkenau Gas Chamber http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum 1933-1945 December 1944 Death Marches http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 January-May 1945: Liberation http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 April 30, 1945 Death of Hitler http://www.ushmm.org Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin: Hitler’s Bunker Map Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin: Above Hitler’s Bunker 1933-1945 May 8, 1945 Surrender of Germany http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 October 18, 1945October 1, 1946 Nuremberg Trials http://www.ushmm.org Nuremberg Trial Convictions Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF Guilty: 12- sentenced to death; 3- life imprisonment; four- 10-20 years in prison Innocent: 3 were acquitted 1933-1945 November 13December 14, 1945 Dachau Trials Dachau Trial Convictions Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF Guilty: 40 Nazi war criminals found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging Innocent: none http://www.ushmm.org 1933-1945 May 14, 1948 Israel: A New State http://www.ushmm.org Number of Jews Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 6, 000, 000 Number of Gypsies Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 220, 000 Number of Handicapped Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 200,000 Number of Polish People Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 1,900,000 Number of Soviet Prisoners of War Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 3, 300, 000 Number of Homosexuals Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 15,000 (estimate only) Number of Jehovah’s Witnesses Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 2, 500 Number of Political Prisoners Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 25,000 Number of Black Europeans Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 1,000 (estimate) 1933-1945 “Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life, and you shall make them known to your children, and to your children’s children.” Deuteronomy 4:9