Transcript Holocaust Intro-2015

Journal Entry
Where and when have you been
taught anything about the
Holocaust in the past? What do
you know about the Holocaust
as a result of your past
education? Why do you think it
is important to study?
I want my students to
see that it didn’t have to
happen; it happened
because too many
people did nothing
about it.
I want students to see
that the potential for
evil and for good is in
every one of us.
I want to show that one
person can make a
difference.
I want my students to
see that apathy leads to
dangerous
consequences.
I want my students to
be able to stand against
the voices of denial,
armed with knowledge,
resolve, and memory.
I do not want the voices
of those 11 million to
be silenced forever.
Those who do not
know history are
condemned to repeat it.
It can and has happened
again.
The Many Layers of the Holocaust
The Holocaust was the state-sponsored, systematic
persecution and annihilation of European Jews by
Nazi Germany and its allies between 1933 and
1945. Jews were the main victims (six million
were murdered); Nazis believed that Germans
were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed
"inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called
German racial community.
The Many Layers of the Holocaust
During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities
also targeted other groups because of their perceived
"racial inferiority,” such as Roma (Gypsies), the
disabled, and some of the Slavic peoples (Poles,
Russians, and others). Other groups were persecuted
on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds,
among them Communists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and
homosexuals.
The Holocaust: a great or complete devastation or
destruction by fire; any mass slaughter or reckless
destruction of life
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945
Historical Context
of The Holocaust
1933-1945
http://www.ushmm.org
Anti-Semitism
1933-against
1945 or
Prejudice
hatred towards Jews.
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945
1933-1945
http://www.ushmm.org
January 30, 1933
Hitler becomes Chancellor
even though
percent of
1933-70
1945
Germany did not vote for
him.
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
March 22, 1933
Dachau Concentration
19331945
Camp was established,
initially for political
prisoners.
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Dachau Gates
1933-1945
April 1, 1933
Boycott of Jewish
Businesses
http://www.ushmm.org
May 10, 1933
Book Burnings
1933Works
by 1945
Jewish,
Communist and
handicapped authors were
all burned.
http://www.ushmm.org
If you control ideas, then you can control
actions.
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945
Night of the Long Knives
June 30, 1934
"If anyone reproaches me and asks why I did not resort to the regular courts of
justice, then all I can say is this: In this hour I was responsible for the fate of the
German people, and thereby I became the supreme judge of the German people."
"It was no secret that this time the revolution would have to be bloody; when we
spoke of it we called it 'The Night of the Long Knives.' Everyone must know for
all future time that if he raises his hand to strike the State, then certain death is his
lot."
http://www.ushmm.org
Sept. 10, 1935
Nuremberg
Laws
1933-1945
Deprived Jews of basic
rights, such as citizenship
and the right to marry
whomever they liked.
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
Lebensborn
1933-1945
July 1938
Evian Conference
NOTHING was done.
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945
October 1938
Deportations of
Jews Begin
http://www.ushmm.org
November 9, 1938
Kristallnacht“The Night
of the1945
Broken Glass”
1933Nationwide pogrom where
Jewish homes, businesses and
synagogues were burned. 30,000
deported.
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945
Sept. 1, 1939
WWII Begins:
Blitzkreig:
“Lightning War”
Lebensraum
“living space”
September 1, 1939
Hitler invades Poland and begins
19331945
WWII. Britain
comes
to Poland’s
defense. Nazis execute polish
leaders and change education.
Soviets help invade from the east.
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
Heinrich Himmler on Polish Education
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
“The sole goal of this schooling is to teach them simple
arithmetic, nothing above the number 500; writing
one’s name; and the doctrine that it is divine law to
obey the Germans…I do not think that reading is
desirable.”
May 1940
Himmler was the head of the SS, the Nazi military
organization most responsible for carrying out the
Holocaust.
October 1939
T-4/Euthanasia
1933-1945
Program
“Mercy Killing”
http://www.ushmm.org
Slide taken from a
Nazi propaganda
filmstrip, promoting
"euthanasia,"
prepared for the Hitler
Youth. The caption
says: "Mentally ill
Negro (English) 16
years in an institution
costing 35,000 RM
[Reichsmarks]."
__________
United States Holocaust
Memorial Museum
http://www.ushmm.org
Summer 1941
Killing
Squads:
1933-1945
Einsatzgruppen
“task forces or intervention
groups”
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945
December 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-20,
1945
January
1942
Wannsee
Conference
Reinhard Heydrich, chief of SD (Security) Service
http://www.ushmm.org
The Final Solution
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
The Jews were seen as a problem to be taken care of,
and so the solution to the Jewish problem was the
code name of the
Final Solution:
To exterminate all Jews from the face of the earth.
There were even plans to eliminate all Jews in the
United States.
Summer 1942
Deportations to
19331945
camps
and
killing
centers begin
Different Kinds of Camps:
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
• Concentration Camps-Jews were selected on
arrival to either work or be killed in gas chambers.
• Killing Centers were camps with gas chambers
where Jews didn’t go through a selection but were
killed right away.
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Lodz Ghetto Deportation Station
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Lodz Ghetto Deportation Station
1943
Jews begin to
19331945
realize and fight
back.
Warsaw Ghetto uprising. 28 days. 300 Germans killed.
Uprisings in Sobibor and Treblinka death camps.
1933-1945
1942
Camp Life… and
Death
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz I Guard Tower
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz/Birkenau Entrance
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum
http://www.ushmm.org
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz/Birkenau Gas Chamber
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum
December
1944
1933-1945
Death Marches
1:5 survived
Death March:
Mass depletion of prisoners
19331945
from one concentration camp
to another. Traveling on foot.
http://www.ushmm.org
January-May
1945: Liberation
19331945
Allies
begin
to free
those in camps.
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
http://www.ushmm.org
1933-1945
April 30, 1945
Death of Hitler
http://www.ushmm.org
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin: Hitler’s Bunker Map
Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin: Above Hitler’s Bunker
1933-1945
May 8, 1945
Surrender of
Germany
http://www.ushmm.org
November 13December
14,
1945
1933-1945
Dachau Trials
Dachau Trial Convictions
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
40 Nazi officers
and guards are
put on trial, 36
of them are
sentenced to
death.
http://www.ushmm.org
October 18, 1945October
1, 1946
1933-1945
Nuremberg Trials
http://www.ushmm.org
Nuremberg Trial Convictions: 22 Nazi Officials
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
Guilty: 12- sentenced to
death; 3- life imprisonment;
4- 10-20 years in prison
Innocent: 3 were acquitted
1933-1945
May 14, 1948
Israel: A New State
http://www.ushmm.org
Number of Jews Murdered:
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
6, 000, 000
Number of Gypsies Murdered:
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
220, 000
Number of Handicapped Murdered:
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
200,000
Number of Polish People Murdered:
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
1,900,000
Number of Soviet Prisoners of War Murdered:
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
3, 300, 000
Number of Homosexuals Murdered:
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
15,000 (estimate only)
Number of Jehovah’s Witnesses Murdered:
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
2, 500
Number of Political Prisoners Murdered:
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
25,000
Number of Black Europeans Murdered:
Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF
1,000
(estimate)
“Only guard yourself and guard your
soul carefully, lest you forget the
things your eyes saw, and lest these
things depart your heart all the days
of your life, and you shall make them
known to your children, and to your
children’s children.”
Deuteronomy 4:9
1933-1945