Transcript World War II - 8thgradecomplit

World War II
An introduction to WWII
and the Holocaust
Judaism
• Believe that Jesus was not the Savior
• Anti-Semitism
– 175 BC 1st major movement against
– 1275 England- forced to wear yellow badge
– 1287 Tower of London-270 hanged
– 1290 exiled from England
– 1298 1000’s killed in Germany
Judaism
• More instances of Anti-Semitism
– 1306 exiled from France
– 1492 exiled from Spain
– 1516 1st ghetto created in Venice
– 1593 exiled from Italy
– 1768 20,000 killed in Poland
– WWI scapegoats
Nazi Party
• 1919 founded
– German Worker’s Party
– German nationalism and Anti-Semitism
• Hitler joined that year
– Proved to be a great speaker
• Many joined because of him
Nazi Party
• Hitler leader in 1921
• In speeches, blamed Jews for:
unemployment, inflation, and hunger
• Beer Hall Putsch
– 1923- failed political take-over
– 5 yrs.; served less than 1
Rise to Power
Hitler’s Reign
• 1929 severe unemployment
• Used this to gain power
– 1932- ½ of parliament seats
– 1933 German Chancellor
– All other political parties banned
– 1st camp opened at Dachau
Hitler
Non-Jewish Victims
• Polish citizens
– On August 22, 1939, a few days before the official start of World
War II, Hitler authorized his commanders, with these infamous
words, to kill "without pity or mercy, all men, women, and
children of Polish descent or language. Only in this way can
we obtain the living space [lebensraum] we need".
– 3 million
• Mentally and physically handicapped
– Considered useless; killed or sterilized
• Jehovah’s Witnesses
– 2,000+ killed
• Gypsies/Romani
– 200,000+ killed
Non-Jewish Victims
• Blacks in Europe
– Mandatory sterilization
• Homosexuals
– Tortured and executed
– 5,000-15,000
• All forced to wear badges
Nuremberg Laws
• The Law for the Protection of the German
Blood and German Honor
– Marriages prohibited
– Jews can’t employ German women
– Can’t display German flag
• The Reich Citizenship Law
– Jews no longer citizens
Segregation of Jews
Kristallnacht
• Night of Broken Glass or Crystal Night
• 11/7/38 17-year-old Jewish boy shot and
killed a German politician
• 11/9/38
– 7,500 businesses
– 267 synagogues
– 91 dead; 25,000 to camps
Kristallnacht
Ghettos
• All Jews in major cities forced to live in
one area
• Surrounded by bricks walls and barbed
wire
• Lodz- 1940
– 230,000 Jews; 3+ per room
– Disease rampant
– 21% died there, rest transported
– 877 survived
Ghettos
Concentration Camps
• About 20,000
• Death camps and work camps
• Died from:
– Starvation
– Exposure/exhaustion
– Diseases: typhoid
– Gas chambers
– Medical experiments
Camp Pictures
Child Victims
Typical Day in a Camp
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4 A.M.: wake up, “make bed” and roll call
1 bathroom for 400; no chances to wash
10 ounces of bread (moldy) and “coffee”
12-14 hours of work: usually pointless
and very difficult
No lunch
Evening roll call
Supper: some kind of “soup”
Time for bed: 6-8 people per twin
bed, no blankets and no heat
Camps
Aftermath
Pearl Harbor
• 12/7/41, 7:55 A.M.-9:45 A.M.
• Surprise attack: came in 2 waves
• 164 planes were destroyed and 128
damaged
• 2,335 killed, along with 68 civilians, and
1,178 persons wounded
• Next day, President Roosevelt declared
war on Japan
Pearl Harbor
Japanese-American Internment
Camps
• After the attack on Pearl Harbor, for being
of Japanese descent in the US
• 120,000 imprisoned
– 2/3 were American citizens
– ½ were children or babies
• Given 48 hrs. to pack and sell their house
• 10 ppl. convicted of spying for Japan. All
were Caucasian.
Internment Camps
Allied vs. Axis Powers
• Major Allied forces: US, England, France,
Soviet Union, China
• Major Axis forces: Germany, Italy, Japan
D-Day/Battle of Normandy
• Combined effort between US, Canada and
England: 160,000 troops, 30,000 vehicles
• 50 mile stretch of French coastline
• Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juneau, Sword
Beaches
• Losses
– 9,000+ Allied casualties
D-Day
Atomic Bombs
• President Harry S. Truman
• 8/6/45 Little Boy dropped on Hiroshima
– 70,000 from initial blast
– Less than 10% of buildings suffered zero
damage
– 5-year death toll: 200,000+
– Radiation poisoning
– Still Japan refused to surrender
Atomic Bombs
Atomic Bombs
• 8/9/45
• Nagasaki hit by Fat Man
• Hit off target, or damage would have been
more devastating
• 70,000 dead within a year
• 5-year death toll 140,000
• Japan surrendered the
next day
Atomic Bombs