Transcript World War II

World War II
Mobilizing for Defense
• Wartime Production
– Rationing
• Full Employment
– Women in Factories,
War Industries
• Women in War
WACS, WAVES,
SPARS
War & Segregation
• Blacks in the War
– Dorie Miller, Charles Drew
– 1949 - Racial Equality in Military
• Blacks at Home
– Urbanization, migration north
• Japanese Internment Camps
– Korematsu v. United States (1944)
The War in Full Effect
• Goal #1: Defeat Germans in Europe
• Pacific: “Active Defense”
• Battle in the Atlantic (1942 - 1943)
– Sonar
– Radar
North Africa
• “Desert Fox” – Erwin Rommel
• El Alamein
– July 1942 – 1st battle of
El Alamein
– November 1942 –
Operation Torch
– May 1943 – Tunisia Falls
to Allies, Axis evacuates from N. Africa
Eastern Europe
• June 1941 – Operation Barbarossa
• Battle for Stalingrad (1942-1943)
– Germans v. Soviets
– German Siege - September 1942
– Germans Evacuate - February 1943
The Pacific
• Battle of Midway (June ’42)
– First major Japanese naval defeat
• Battle for Guadalcanal
– August ’42 – February ‘43
– Hand to hand combat
– Japanese advances in Pacific stopped
The End of The Beginning
• Meeting at Casablanca b/w FDR &
Churchill – January 1943
• Victory in Stalingrad Feb. ‘43
• Victory in N. Africa May ‘43
• Tide of the War Turning
The Battle in Italy
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July ‘43 – Allies Land on Sicily
August ‘43 – Mussolini overthrown
September ‘43 – Italian Surrender
Winter ’43/’44 – German “rescue” of
Mussolini
• June 4, 1944 – Allies capture Rome
• April ’45 – Mussolini executed, hung in
Milan
Air Raids in Europe
• Royal Air Force
– Saturation Bombing
• US Air Force
– Pinpoint Attacks
– “Flying Fortresses”
D-Day
• June 6, 1944
–Invasion of Normandy (p. 693)
–Operation Overlord
Allies Press Onward
• Operation Market Garden
• December 1944 - Battle of the Bulge
• Russians Pushing from the East
Conference at Yalta
• February 1945
• FDR, Churchill, Stalin
• Postwar
Agreements
– Stalin’s promises
Franklin Roosevelt
• 1944 Election
– FDR Defeats Wilkie (Again)
• April 12, 1945 –
FDR Dies
• Harry S. Truman
takes office
V-E Day
• April ’45 - Russians meet Americans
at Elbe
• April ’45 – Hitler Commits Suicide
• Victory in Europe Day
–May 8, 1945
“The Victory is but half won. The West is
free but the East is still in bondage.”
War in the Pacific
• Return to the Philippines
– Battle of Leyte Gulf (October 1944)
– March 1945 – Japanese Surrender in
Philippines
• Battle of Iwo Jima
• Battle of Okinawa
The Atomic Bomb
• Splitting the Atom
• Immigrants of Axis Countries
– Enrico Fermi
– Albert Einstein
• Manhattan Project
– Oak Ridge, TN
Dropping the Bomb
• Hiroshima – 8/6/45
– Enola Gay
– 75,000 casualties that day alone
• Nagasaki – 8/9/45
• Japanese Surrender
– 8/14/45 – verbal surrender
– 9/2/45 – official surrender