Transcript A_CHAPTER25revised2015

The United States in World War II
The U.S. helps lead the
Allies to victory in World
War II, but only after
dropping atomic bombs on
Japan. American veterans
discover new economic
opportunities, but also
simmering social tensions.
A U.S. tank passes the Arc de Triomphe
in Paris, during the liberation from
German occupation (August 1944).
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The United States in World War II
SECTION 1
Mobilizing for Defense
SECTION 2
The War for Europe and North Africa
SECTION 3
The War in the Pacific
SECTION 4
The Home Front
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Section 1
Mobilizing for Defense
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United
States mobilizes for war.
VLA : Pearl Harbor with die roll details :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBdIR7_B3JA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY
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PHOTO Analysis #1: Study this photo and
note 3 to 5 details you notice AND PREDICT
what is happening:
PHOTO Analysis #2: Study this photo and note 3 to 5 details you
notice (“use the 5 W’s”)AND PREDICT what this is:
Message here?
SECTION
1
Mobilizing for Defense
Americans Join the War Effort
**Selective Service and the GI
• After Pearl Harbor, 5 million men volunteer for
military service
• 10 million more drafted in lottery to meet needs
of two-front war
• *Only accepted those men who passed physical
requirements
Image
Expanding the Military
• General George Marshall—Army Chief of Staff—
calls for women’s corps
• Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)—
women in noncombat positions
• Thousands enlist; “auxiliary” dropped, get full
U. S. army benefits
Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued
Americans Join the War Effort
Recruiting and Discrimination
• Minority groups are denied basic citizenship rights
• Question whether they should fight for democracy in
other countries
Dramatic Contributions
• 300,000 Mexican Americans join armed forces
• 1 million African Americans serve; live, work in
segregated units
• 13,000 Chinese Americans and 33,000 Japanese
Americans serve
• 25,000 Native Americans enlist
Image
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SECTION
1
A Production Miracle
The Industrial Response
• Factories convert from civilian to war production
• Shipyards, defense plants expand, new ones built
• Produce ships, arms rapidly
- use prefabricated parts
- people work at record speeds
Image
Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued
A Production Miracle
Labor’s Contribution
• Nearly 18 million workers in war industries;
6 million are women
• Over 2 million minorities hired; face strong
discrimination at first
• A. Philip Randolph, head of Brotherhood of
Sleeping Car Porters
• Organizes march on D.C.; FDR executive order
forbids discrimination
Mobilization of Scientists
• ****Office of Scientific Research and
Development— technology, medicine, ADD: also
developed radar, sonar, ddt, penicillin
• Manhattan Project (as part of OSRD) develops
atomic bomb
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The Federal Government Takes Control
Economic Controls
• Office of Price Administration (OPA) freezes
prices, fights inflation
• Higher taxes, purchase of war bonds lower
demand for scarce goods
• **War Production Board (WPB) says which
companies convert production
- allocates (*distributed raw materials to civilian
companies for use in making WW2 products)
- organizes collection of recyclable materials
Rationing
• Rationing—fixed allotments of goods needed
by military
Image
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Wrap Up Activities for Section 1: Create web or list of die roll details
#1. VLA review of WPB:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vs3pgaMcV3w
#2: in groups appoint a writer and a presenter and
Review section 1. Discuss and predict 5 questions I may ask on the
WW2 Quiz. THEN write down your 5 questions and include the
Answers. Be ready to share:
Section 2
The War for Europe and
North Africa
Allied forces, led by the United States and Great
Britain, battle Axis powers for control of Europe
and North Africa.
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Warm uP: Use your Psychic Powers
& Predict what shall be on the Quiz!
Review the Section 1 Notes from
last class and on a separate paper
create 5 fill in the blank questions
based on KEY material covered. Be
sure to write the correct answer to
your question and be ready to ask a
classmate! (or the teacher/TA make 2
questions very specific!) 
(include name & date)
Sims and Differences? 3 each minimum.
Photo Analysis: Details? 4… clever
ones and a headline:
Before US enters WW2 there is
the Battle of Britain: Only WW2
battle to take place entirely in the
skY!
Britain’s airforce (RAF) vs
German Airforce (Luftwaffe)
July 10, 1940 –
October 31, 1940
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLUyEXO-jI0
SECTION
2
The War for Europe and
North Africa
The United States and Britain Join Forces
War Plans
• **Churchill convinces FDR to strike first against
Hitler, Japan 2ndary
The Battle of the Atlantic (battle on Ocean)
• Hitler orders submarine attacks against supply
ships to Britain
- wolf packs destroy hundreds of ships in 1942
• **Allies organize convoys of cargo ships with
escort:
- destroyers with sonar; planes with radar
• Construction of Liberty ships (cargo carriers)
speeds up
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SECTION
2
The Eastern Front and the Mediterranean
The Battle of the City of Stalingrad
• Hitler wants to capture Caucasus oil fields and
destroy Stalingrad
• Soviets defeat Germans in bitter winter campaign
- Over 230,000 Germans, 1,100,000 Soviets die
• *Soviet army begins to move towards Germany
Battle a turning point. An Entire German Army
lost
The North African Front
Interactive
• ***General Dwight D. Eisenhower commands
invasion of North Africa (Later becomes
President in the 1950s due to his popularity)
• Afrika Korps, led by General Erwin Rommel,
surrenders May 1943 (Germans lose a second
entire army of 250,000 men on Hitler’s no retreat
Continued . . .
order)
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SECTION
2
continued The
Eastern Front and the Mediterranean
The Italian Campaign
• Allies decide will accept only unconditional
surrender from Axis
• Summer 1943, Allies capture Sicily; Mussolini
forced to resign
• 1944 Allies win “Bloody Anzio”; Germans
continue strong resistance
American Heroes in Combat
•
•
•
•
African Americans —Tuskegee Airmen,
Army unit Buffalo Soldiers—highly decorated
Mexican-American soldiers win many awards
Japanese-American unit most decorated unit in
U.S. history
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SECTION
2
The Allies Liberate Europe
***D-Day the invasion of France
• Allies set up phantom army, send fake radio
messages to fool Germans as to where they are
landing
• **Eisenhower directs Allied invasion of Normandy,
France on D-Day June 6, 1944 (Allies begin to take
Europe back from Nazi control)
Interactive
The Allies Gain Ground
• General Omar Bradley bombs to create gap in
enemy defense line
• General George Patton leads Third Army, reach
Paris in August
• FDR reelected for 4th term with running mate Harry
S. Truman
Continued . . .
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SECTION
2
continued
The Allies Liberate Europe
The Battle of the Bulge
• October 1944, Allies capture first German town,
Aachen
• December SURPRISE ATTACK : German tank
divisions drive 60 miles into Allied area
• Battle of the Bulge—Germans push back but
have irreplaceable losses
Map
Liberation of the Death Camps
• Allies in Germany, Soviets in Poland liberate
concentration camps
- find starving prisoners, corpses, evidence of killing
Continued . . .
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SECTION
2
continued
The Allies Liberate Europe
Unconditional Surrender
• April 1945, Soviet army storms Berlin; Hitler
commits suicide
• Eisenhower accepts unconditional surrender of
German Reich
• ***May 8, 1945, V-E Day: THE THIRD REICH
Surrenders Victory in Europe Day
Image
Roosevelt’s Death
• FDR dies April 12; Vice President Harry S.
Truman becomes president
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VLAs with Die Rolls Visual
details!
Stalingrad:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
NR=1&v=oJ3bzgTvt4&feature=fvwp
Pearl harbor:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=jU3kvXOI5B8
D Day beach landing:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=82RTzi5Vt7w
Liberating Death camps:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=sHcJtU9dr6I
Pre Achieve WW2 “Hearing the
Call” warmup:
Thought/discussion question:
DO people have to be able to
HEAR in order to be allowed in
the armed forces? Why or why
not?
Wrap Up: #1:
VLA review with die roll details
Battle of Britain:
https://vimeo.com/64501437
Liberation of Camps:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHcJtU9dr6I
#2: Each student group or Solo create a
TOP 10 things to know List from this section.
Include: Important Events, People Ect.
Be ready to share.
Holocaust: Groups or Solo
WEB or List at Least 10+
Facts you know about the
Holocaust
Why did happen?
Places, or things associated
with it?
People that were associated
with it?
Things that happened during
it?
(Then we shall see some pwr
pt info/vlas and ADD things
to our webs…)
Section 3
The War in the Pacific
In order to defeat Japan and end the war in the
Pacific, the United States unleashes a terrible
new weapon, the atomic bomb.
VLA intro:
NEXT
Review your notes from
Section 2! (5 min)
Number a blank paper #1-5.
Include your name and date.
I shall ask you Questions
reviewing section 2 …..dun
dun dun….
VLA Intro: Die roll:
Pacific War:
https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=HqM1zcGjt18
Clever headline and 4 details:
Photo Analysis: Details?
Headline? Prediction?
SECTION
3
The War in the Pacific
The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide
Japanese Advances
Interactive
• In first 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan
conquers an empire
• Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads Allied forces
in Philippines
• March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped on
Bataan Peninsula
• FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands of US
troops remain
Doolittle’s Raid
• April 1942, Lt. Col. James Doolittle leads raid
on Tokyo
Continued . . .
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SECTION
3
continued
The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide
Battle of the Coral Sea
• May 1942, U.S., Australian Navy stop Japanese
drive to Australia
• For first time since Pearl Harbor, Japanese
invasion turned back
**The Battle of Midway
Image
• Admiral Chester Nimitz commands U.S. naval
forces in Pacific
• Allies break Japanese code, win Battle of
Midway, stop Japan again
• AFTER MIDWAY: Allies advance island by island
to Japan ****Called “Island hopping” Strategy)
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Battle of Midway
ISLAnd Hopping
Lt. Hiroo Onada surrenders
Phillipines 1974!
SECTION
The Allies Go3 on the Offensive
The Allied Offensive
Interactive
• Allied offensive begins August 1942 in Guadalcanal
• October 1944, Allies converge on Leyte Island in
Philippines
- return of MacArthur
The Japanese Defense
• Japan uses kamikaze attack—pilots crash
bomb-laden planes into ships
• Battle of Leyte Gulf is a disaster for Japan
- Imperial Navy severely damaged; plays minor
role after
Continued . . .
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SECTION
3
continued
The Allies Go on the Offensive
Iwo Jima
• Iwo Jima critical as base from which planes can
reach Japan
• 6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700
Japanese, 200 survive
The Battle for Okinawa
Interactive
• April 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa
• April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000 Japanese die
• Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5 million
Allied casualties
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SECTION
3
The Atomic Bomb Ends the War
The Manhattan Project
• J. Robert Oppenheimer is research director of
Manhattan Project
• July 1945, atomic bomb tested in New Mexico desert
• President Truman orders military to drop 2 atomic
bombs on Japan
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Image
• August 6, Hiroshima, major military center,
destroyed by bomb (little Boy)
• 3 days later, bomb (Fat Man) dropped on city of
Nagasaki
• September 2, 1945 Japan surrenders (VJ DAY)
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SECTION
3
Rebuilding Begins
The Yalta Conference
• February 1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta
- discuss post-war world
• FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily divide
Germany into 4 parts
• Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe;
will fight Japan
• FDR gets support for conference to establish United
Nations
Chart
Human Costs of the War
• WW II most destructive war in human history
Chart
Continued . . .
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SECTION
3
continued
Rebuilding Begins
The Nuremberg War Trials
• Nuremberg trials—24 Nazi leaders tried, sentenced
- charged with crimes against humanity, against the
peace, war crimes
• Establish principle that people responsible for own
actions in war
The Occupation of Japan
• MacArthur commands U.S. occupation forces in
Japan
• Over 1,100 Japanese tried, sentenced
• MacArthur reshapes Japan’s economy, government
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2. Hiroshima - August 6, 1945
a. Important military city.
b. Enola Gay released bomb and
c. No surrender.
destroyed city.
3. Nagasaki - August 9, 1945
a. Japanese Emperor surrenders.
b. Sept.2, 1945 peace treaty signed.
Atomic Bomb effects
More effects
Wrap Up: 1.Vlas: Hiroshima
bombing details X2 die roll.
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=gwkyPvlWPM0
2. Whip Around Review
Section 4
The Home Front
After World War II, Americans adjust to new
economic opportunities and harsh social tensions.
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Warm up Section 3 War in Pacific
Review
Appoint a Writer and a Presenter in your
group (or do this solo)
Review yesterday’s : War in the Pacific Sec
3 Notes and Come to an Agreement on What
your group feel are the TOP 5 Things to
know from the section.
List the Top 5 things that Will be On the
Quiz!
Vla WW2 Review
Crash Course!
https://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=Q78C
OTwT7nE
(list details at end of
your Chap 25 notes)
SECTION
4
The Home Front
Opportunity and Adjustment
Economic Gains
• Defense industries boom, unemployment falls to
1.2% in 1944
- average pay rises 10% during war
• Farmers prosper from rising crop prices, increase
in production
- many pay off mortgages
• Percentage of women in work force rises to 35%
• *** ADD: USA emerged as the world’s dominate
economic power and embraces CAPITALISM
as our economic system.
Continued . . .
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SECTION
4
continued
Opportunity and Adjustment
Population Shifts
Map
• War triggers mass migrations to towns with
defense industries
Social Adjustments
• Families adjust to fathers in military; mothers rear
children alone
• Families must get to know each other again after
fathers return
• Many couples rush to marry before husband
goes overseas
• ****1944 GI Bill of Rights or Servicemen’s
Readjustment Act:
- pays education; loan guarantees for homes,
new businesses
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SECTION
4
Discrimination and Reaction
Civil Rights Protests
• Racial tensions rise in overcrowded Northern cities
James Farmer founds Congress of Racial
Equality (CORE)
- works on racial segregation in North
• 1943 racial violence sweeps across country;
Detroit riots worst case
Tension in Los Angeles
• Anti-Mexican zoot suit riots involve thousands
servicemen, civilians
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Internment of Japanese Americans
SECTION
4
Japanese Americans Placed in Internment
Camps
Map
• Hawaii governor forced to order internment
(confinement) of Japanese
• 1942 FDR signs removal of Japanese Americans in
four Western states
• U.S. Army forces 110,000 Japanese Americans into
prison camps
• 1944 Korematsu v. United States—Court rules in
favor of internment
• After war, Japanese American Citizens League
pushes for compensation
• 1988, Congress grants $20,000 to everyone sent to
relocation camp
NEXT
For Smack Down Prep:
1. On Your group single paper from the warm-up:
Number & List as many terms, people, organizations
and events from our chapter 25 and the videos as you can in
10 minutes. (longest group lists wins some EC if well behaved.
2. Alternate: End of class/HW: review section 1- 4 notes
And collaborate to write down a TOP10 list of questions
(fill in the blank or multiple choice of 10 questions you
Predict I may ask on the WW2 quiz.)
This is the end of the chapter presentation of
lecture notes. Click the HOME or EXIT button.