Transcript Battle for the Atlantic

THE WORLD AT WAR
WW II Mobilization
• 61 countries
• 3/4 of the world’s population is engaged
• 110 million mobilized
Country: Total Mobilized ….At one time
USA:
16m….
12.2m
Germany: 17m….
10.9m
USSR:
22-30m.
12.5m
UK:
8.7m…
8.7m
Japan:
7.2m…
7.2m
Objective…
• Identify the military turning points
of World War II in both Europe
and Asia.
• Describe the significance of each
turning point within the context of
the war.
The first priority…
Defeat Hitler & use a defensive
strategy in the Pacific.
Class Activity:
The Task: In your small group research your assigned
topic & reach a common agreement about the
information you will present to the class.
Identify…
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The event or battle along with the date(s)
Location: Europe or Asia
Identify the event or battle on the map provided
Casualties: Japanese, American or Allied lives lost
Three interesting facts related to the event or battle
• Significance related to the overall war effort
Fighting WW II:
Think of the war in 6 phases…
I.
Battle for the Atlantic (1942-43)
II. The North Africa Campaign (1942-43)
III. The Italian Campaign (1943-44)
IV. Europe: Eastern Front (1941-45)
-The Germans attack the USSR…
-Battle for Stalingrad…
-The westward Soviet Offensive…
V. Europe: W. Front (1942-45)
-Long range bombing (1942-1945)
-D-Day / Normandy / Operation Overlord (June, 1944)
-Battle of the Bulge (Dec, 1944 – Jan, 1945)
VI. The Pacific (1942-45)
- Doolittle's Raid (April, 1942)
- Battle for The Coral Sea (May, 1942)
- Battle of Midway (June, 1942)
- Battle of Guadalcanal (Aug, 1942-Feb, 1943)
- Iwo Jima (Feb-March, 1945)
- Battle of Okinawa (April- June 1945)
I. The Battle for the Atlantic
1942 – 1943
Why was winning the Battle for the
Atlantic so crucial to the war effort?
• The problem:
-3,000 mile supply lines
-The “Wolf-packs”…
June, 1942: 172 ships lost
March, 1943: 400 U-boats
• The solution…
The Battle for the Atlantic
German U-boat
on patrol…
“Wolf Packs”…
DAS BOOT Clip hunting a convoy…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATEjQhdfA8U
Significance …
Regained control of the Atlantic; increased war supplies to the UK; and
insured the safety of American troops traveling to Europe.
What solutions to the “Wolfpack” problem are represented in
these pictures?
The Battle for the Atlantic
II. North Africa
Oct., 1942 - May, 1943
The significance…
An early victory… Stopped Hitler’s attempt to control
Middle East oil
• Geographic importance for…
Axis Powers…
Allied Powers…
III. The Italian Campaign
July,1943 – June,1944
• The Allies invaded Italy
• The Italian Army
collapses
• Mussolini is removed
from power
• Germany defends Italy
Bloody Anzio:
- 25K Allied casualties
- 30K Axis casualties
Significance… Opened a new front
in Europe; Added pressure to
Germany… Mussolini is taken
out of power
Mussolini & mistress
captured & executed by the Italian people
in April, 1945.
IV. Europe: Eastern Europe
Dec., 1941 – May, 1943
• The invasion of Russia – Operation Barbarossa…
• What played the most important factor in the Russians
defeating the Germans?
Significance…
A crushing defeat & Hitler’s greatest military mistake
What was the significance of the
Battle for Stalingrad?
-The Soviet’s held the German Army.
-From this point the Germans are retreating.
V. Western Europe
June 1942 – May, 1945
Significance… Control of the skies and take the war to
Hitler.
The 99th Pursuit Squadron
AKA:
The “Red Tail Angels” - Tuskegee Airmen
•First Black military airmen
• 1,000 Black pilots
•15,553 sorties
•Two Unit citations awarded
D-Day – Operation Overlord
June 6, 1944
• D-Day: Operation Overlord - …
• The goal: Gain a foot hold back on mainland Europe
• The “Phantom army at Calais…
The D-Day Landing:
-1M Allied troops
-9K casualties
The
Atlantic Wall
D-Day - Normandy Invasion
June 6, 1944
What was the significance of D-Day invasion?
•The Allies get a foothold on the continent of Europe & roll back the
German conquest of Europe… In 3 months they take back Paris …11
months Berlin
•The largest military operation in US history.
The significance of the Battle of the Bulge?
Dec, 1944 – Jan, 1945
• The Allies advanced deep into Germany… Russians advance west
• A “last gasp” offensive to stop the Allied advancement.
• The Germans lost men, equipment & the offensive left them weak
& beaten.
Liberation of the death camps…
VI. The Pacific Theater
1942 – 1945
•Doolittle's Raid - (April, 1942)
• Battle for The Coral Sea - (May, 1942)
• Battle of Midway - (June, 1942)
• Battle of Guadalcanal - (Aug, 1942 - Feb, 1943)
• Iwo Jima - (Feb-March, 1945)
• Okinawa - (April-June 1945)
Doolittle's Raid – April, 1942
Lt. Colonel Doolittle led a 16 plane raid on Tokyo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxqU_WH8Cd0
The significance of Doolittle’s Raid…
The Battle for the Coral Sea
May, 1942
• The first aircraft carrier battle
• The first naval battle in which neither side's ships saw
or fired upon the other.
Significance?...
Halted the Japanese
Naval advancement
towards Australia.
The Battle of Midway
June of 1942
Midway is the most significant naval battle in the Pacific Campaign.
The battle occurred 6 months after Pearl Harbor .
Significance…. Destroyed the Japanese fleet, ended the
Japanese threat against Hawaii and the US mainland.
“…the most
stunning and
decisive blow in
the history of naval
warfare."
The Battle of Guadalcanal (Aug, 1942 - Feb, 1943)
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Following Pearl Harbor Japan aggressively expanded
The Japanese started building an airfield on Guadalcanal …a major threat
to Australia.
The US Marines took the airfield quickly …holding the airfield provided
for some of the most costly fighting in the war.
Significance …
Stopped Japanese
expansion
Over 6 months: 7,100 American died 31,000 Japanese died
27 US Naval ships were lost
General MacArthur &
Admiral Nimitz
“Island hopping” or “leap frog-ing”
Kamikaze (meaning "Divine wind")…
• Suicide attacks by Japanese aviators against
Allied ships.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hziFBOx4yqc&feature=related
Iwo Jima
Feb - March 1945
• The goal was to capture 3 airfields
• Heavy fortification… bunkers, artillery & 11 miles of
tunnels.
• Considered the fiercest fighting in the Pacific…. 18K
Japanese soldiers dead or MIA… 216 prisoners.
Significance…
Advanced Allied
forces towards
Japan… The first
attack on the
Japanese home
Islands
Okinawa - April – June, 1945
• The battle for Okinawa…
-1,900 Kamikaze attacks
-30 US ships sunk
-12.6K Americans KIA
-200K died at Okinawa
Significance…Okinawa was the last island between the Allies and the
assault on mainland Japan. Demonstrated that the final phase of
conquering and getting Japan to surrender would be very difficult.
Japanese Biological
Warfare Unit 731
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mfAAmTTi0Q