Transcript 12-15 Ch 19 Sec 1 & 2

Ch 19 Sec 1/2: Neutrality v. War
•
Neutrality Act 1935 – due to the rise of dictatorships in
Europe and debts from WWI not being paid, the United States
would not sell weapons to countries at war
•
Spanish Civil War – fascist leaders take over Spain as Italy
and Germany test their weapons for war
•
Neutrality Act 1937 – nonmilitary supplies would only be sold
to warring nations on a “cash and carry” basis
•
Axis Powers – Italy, Germany and Japan
•
Anschluss – Hitler reunifies Austria and part of the
Sudetenland with Germany in March 1938 (no shots fired)
•
Munich Conference – France and Britain avoid war by
appeasing (giving into demands) of Hitler allowing him to take
over Czechoslovakia (Sept 1938) for his promise to not ask for
more “Peace in our time….”
•
Soviet-Nazi Pact – secret peace agreement between
Germany and the Soviet Union that calls for the fascist and
communist nations to divide Poland after the planned German
invasion.
Chapter Objectives
Section 1: America and the World
• Explain why many Americans supported a policy of
isolationism in the 1930s.
Section 2: World War II Begins
• Explain why Hitler was able to take over
Austria and Czechoslovakia.
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America Turns to Neutrality
• The rise of dictatorships in Europe and Asia after World
War I, the refusal of European countries to repay war
debts owed to the United States, and the Nye
Committee findings that arms factories made huge
profits caused Americans to support isolationism.
(pages 587–588)
America Turns
to Neutrality
• Many Americans
wanted to avoid
international
commitments.
(pages 587–588)
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America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
• Congress
passed the
Neutrality Act
of 1935 making
it illegal for
Americans to sell
arms to any
country at war.
(pages 587–588)
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America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
• In 1936 a rebellion erupted
in Spain with the
government supported by
the Soviet Union and
Spanish Fascists led by
Francisco Franco
supported by Germany
and Italy.
(pages 587–588)
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America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
• Congress
passed the
Neutrality Act
of 1937, which
continued the
ban of selling
arms to
countries at war
and required
warring countries
to buy
nonmilitary
supplies from the
United States on
a “cash and
carry” basis.
(pages 587–588)
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America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
• President Franklin
D. Roosevelt
supported
internationalism.
• Internationalists
believe that trade
between nations
creates prosperity
and helps to
prevent war.
(pages 587–588)
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America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
• Japan aligned itself with
Germany and Italy, and these
three countries became known
as the Axis Powers.
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America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
• After Japan launched a full-scale attack on China
in 1937, Roosevelt authorized the sale of
weapons to China.
(pages 587–588)
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America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
• FDR stated that the Neutrality Act of 1937 did not
apply, since neither China nor Japan had actually
declared war.
(pages 587–588)
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Many images from the Japanese invasion of China
will be used in American propaganda newsreels after
the attack on Pearl Harbor.
“Peace in Our Time”
• In February 1938,
Adolf Hitler
threatened to
invade Austria
unless Austrian
Nazis were given
important
government posts.
• In March 1938,
Hitler announced
the Anschluss, or
unification, of
Austria and
Germany.
(pages 589–591)
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“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
• Hitler claimed the
Sudetenland, an area of
Czechoslovakia with a
large German-speaking
population.
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“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
• Czechs strongly resisted Germany’s demand for the
Sudetenland.
• France, the Soviet Union, and Britain threatened to
fight Germany if it attacked Czechoslovakia.
(pages 589–591)
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“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
• At the Munich
Conference on
September 29, 1938,
Britain and France,
hoping to prevent
another war, agreed
to Hitler’s demands in
a policy known as
appeasement.
(pages 589–591)
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“Peace in our time….”
Although many people today criticize British Prime Minister
Nevil Chamberlain for appeasing Hitler, many people
celebrated him in 1938 for providing “Peace in our time”.
“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
• In March 1939, Germany sent troops into
Czechoslovakia, bringing the Czech lands under
German control.
(pages 589–591)
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“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
• Hitler demanded the return of Danzig–Poland’s Baltic
Sea port.
• He also wanted a highway
and railroad across the
Polish Corridor.
• These demands convinced
the British and French that
appeasement had failed.
(pages 589–591)
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“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
• In May 1939, Hitler ordered the German military to
prepare for the invasion of Poland.
(pages 589–591)
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“Peace in Our
Time” (cont.)
• On August 23, 1939,
Germany and the
USSR signed a
nonaggression
treaty, with a secret
agreement to divide
Poland known as
the Soviet-Nazi
Pact.
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