Transcript Peace agreements made prior to the end of World War II:

What was the cause of the Cold War?
Why is it termed such?
What were the short and long term effects of
the Cold War?
Is there a “Cold War” taking place today?
The Cold War
(1945-1991)
Key Points:
-Germany would be divided into 4 zones (occupied by
the Allied powers: Britain, USA, Russia, and France)
-The capital of Germany, Berlin, would also be
divided into 4 parts.
- A Democratic government would be installed in
West Germany and West Berlin.
-War crime tribunals would be held at the end of the
war.
-Self-determination for nations living within German
occupied land
-A charter for the United Nations would be composed.
2. Potsdam Conference (July 1945)
Meeting between Truman,
Churchill and Stalin
Key Points:
-At this point the war was over
with Germany, but no clear
decisions had been made
regarding its future.
-German minorities in other
countries were to be allowed to
return to Germany.
- Churchill was told about the
Atomic Bomb at the conference.
Stalin was not. The Atomic
Bomb was dropped on Hiroshima
2 days after the end of the
conference.
The event that marked the end of
World War II
The World After World War II
Outcomes of World War II
1. Establishment of two major powers in the world:
the United States and the U.S.S.R. Why?
American View
vs.
Soviet View
Continue… Outcomes of World War II
2. War Crime Trials held (for both the Nazi leaders = Nuremberg
Tribunals and for the Japanese War Crimes)
3. Division of Europe- The Iron Curtain
The "Iron Curtain" was the symbolic,
ideological, and physical boundary dividing
Europe into two separate areas from the end
of World War II until the end of the Cold
War, roughly 1945 to 1991.
Former British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill
made a very famous speech, known as the “Iron Curtain Speech”
in March of 1946, in which he used the phrase, “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste
in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”
Continue… Outcomes of World War II
4.
Establishment of the United Nations in 1945 as a
peacekeeping organization.
5.
The Marshall Plan (1948-1952)
Secretary of State George C. Marshall’s plan, in the
aftermath of World War II, for a U.S. program of assistance
to the countries of Europe. By 1952, the United States had
channeled some $13 billion in economic aid and technical
assistance to 16 European countries
Continue… Outcomes of World War II
6.
Formation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization)- April 1949-present
NATO is an alliance of 26 member countries. NATO is a
military alliance whereby its members promise to defend
other members if attacked by any external party.
7.
Formation of the Warsaw Pact in response to NATOMay 1955-1991
The Warsaw Pact was an organization of communist states in
Central and Eastern Europe. It was established in Warsaw,
Poland.
The Cold War
(1945-1991)
• The Cold War was a global competition between
two ideologies, the Democratic World led by the
United States, and the Communist World led by the
Soviet Union.
The First major showdown of the Cold War:
The Berlin Blockade (1948)
After the war both Germany and Germany’s capital, Berlin,
were split into four zones. In January 1947, Britain and
America joined their two zones into ‘Bizonia’. This annoyed
Stalin. In June the Russians started stopping and searching all
road and rail traffic into Berlin.
Continue…The Cold War
The response to the
Berlin Blockade was the
Berlin Airlift.
What was the Berlin Airlift?
The successful effort by the United
States and Britain to ship by air 2.3
million tons of supplies to the
residents of the Western-controlled
sectors of Berlin from June 1948 to
May 1949, in response to a Soviet
blockade of all land and canal routes
to the divided city.
Continue…The Cold War
Facts about the Berlin Airlift:
• The blockade lasted 318 days (11 months).
• In the winter of 1948–49 Berliners lived on dried potatoes, powdered eggs
and cans of meat. They had 4 hours of electricity a day.
• 275,000 flights carried in 1½ million tons of supplies. A plane landed
every 3 mins.
• On 16 April 1949, 1400 flights brought in 13,000 tons of supplies in one
day – Berlin only needed 6,000 tons a day to survive.
• Some pilots dropped chocolate and sweets.
• The USA stationed B-29 bombers (which could carry an atomic bomb) in
Britain.
• The American airmen were regarded as heroes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQ30Rgc5Prc
Continue…The Cold War
The Berlin Wall (1961-1989)
On August 13, 1961 construction began on the Berlin Wall by the Soviet Union in
an attempt to keep citizens of communist East Berlin from escaping into
democratic West Berlin. The city of Berlin remained divided by this wall for more
than 28 years.
96 mi (155 km) barbed wire
barricade and concrete wall
with an average height of
11.8 ft (3.60 m)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9VKVt4yuhI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExOYvW5vCj4
Continue… The Cold War
Other events/topics of the Cold War:
• Cuban Missile Crisis
http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/discovery-presents/videos/the-kennedy-detail-cuban-missle-crisis.htm
•
•
•
•
Nuclear weapons and the theory of deterrence
The Policy of Containment
Massive military buildup
The Space Race
http://www.history.com/topics/space-race/videos/space-race-cold-war-front
• Soviet Satellite nations
• “Red Scare”
• Korean and Vietnam Wars