Transcript Bell Quiz

Bell Quiz (Pages 555-556 and 569 – 577)
1. What date will “live in infamy?”
2. How many U.S. ships and airplanes
were severely damaged or destroyed
at Pearl Harbor? How many Americans
died?
3. Where did Roosevelt and Churchill
agree to attack first?
4. Who was the city of Stalingrad
named after?
5. Define unconditional surrender?
Answers
1. December 7, 1941
2. 21 ships; 300 airplanes; 2,403 killed
(1178 wounded).
3. Attack Hitler in Europe. Start with
North Africa (Operation Torch) and
move north to Italy.
4. Joseph Stalin
5. The enemy would have to accept the
peace terms of the allied forces
without negotiations.
Objectives
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Summarize the Allies’ plan for
winning the war.
Identify major events and battles in
the beginning of the war such as the
Battle of Stalingrad, Operation Torch,
the Italian Campaign.
War Plans
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Beginning December 22, 1941, Prime
Minister Churchill spent three weeks at the
White House working out war plans with
President Roosevelt.
They believed that Germany and Italy
posed a greater threat than Japan.
Churchill and Roosevelt planed to strike
against Hitler first.
The plan was to gain the upper hand in
Europe before focusing on the war in the
Pacific.
Attack North Africa and the soft under
belly of Europe.
Battle of the Atlantic
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The German goal in the
Atlantic was to prevent food
and war materials from
reaching Great Britain and
the Soviet Union.
Allies responded by
organizing their cargo ships
into convoys.
The convoys were escorted
by U.S. destroyers and
airplanes.
By mid-1943 the tide of the
Battle of the Atlantic had
turned in the Allies favor.
North Africa
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November 1942, the
Allies launch Operation
Torch: an invasion of
Axis-controlled North
Africa.
Commanded by
American General
Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Germany was led in
Africa by Erwin Rommel.
May 1943, Rommel
surrendered.
The Italian Campaign
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Summer 1943, The Allied forces captured
Sicily.
The Italian government forced Mussolini (Il
Duce) to resign.
On July 25, 1943 King Victor Emmanuel III
stripped Mussolini of his power and had him
arrested.
Hitler and Germany refused to give up Italy
so easily and made their stand 40 miles
outside of Rome.
“Bloody Anzio” lasted 4 months until the end
of May 1944. 25,000 Allied soldiers died and
30,000 Germans died
The Allied effort to free Italy did not succeed
until 1945.
Stalingrad: 7/17/42-2/2/43
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The Battle of Stalingrad was the first major turning
point of WWII and the bloodiest battle in modern
history.
Stalingrad was a major industrial center that Hitler
wanted destroyed.
By the end of September 1942 Germany controlled
nine-tenths of the city by going house to house in
brutal hand-to-hand combat.
When winter hit the Soviets army closed around the
city with fresh tanks and troops, cutting off supplies
to German troops.
The German commander surrendered on 1/31/1943.
The Soviet victory at Stalingrad marked a turning
point in the war. The soviet army began moving
westward.
1.1 million soviets died. Germany lost 1.5 million.
D-Day
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The Allies agreed that the
best approach to victory was
a massive invasion of France
across the English Channel
(Operation Overlord).
Dwight D. Eisenhower was
given command of Operation
Overlord.
Eisenhower planed to attack
Normandy in northern France
with 3 million Allied troops.
On June 6, 1944, Eisenhower
ordered the invasion of
France (D-day).
D-day was the largest landsea-air operation in army
history.
THE ATLANTIC WALL
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Erwin Rommel spent several
years fortifying the cliffs and
beaches on the European coast
with concrete walls to deter a
possible allied invasion.
6 million mines were placed in
Northern France and the English
Channel.
Under water obstacles were
constructed in the English
Channel and anti-tank obstacles
built on the beaches.
D-DAY INVASION
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Operation “Body Guard”:
Phantom army built in Dover,
England was given message to
attack Calais, France-150 miles
away-across the English
Channel.
Phantom army was
commanded by General Patton.
The Germans intercept the
message and Hitler orders the
bulk of the German troops to
fortify Calais.
Fake parachutist with guns that
fire upon impact with the
ground.
Operation Body Guard
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http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm
/british_history/7260
D-DAY
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On June 6, 1944 3 allied divisions
parachuted down behind German lines
shortly after midnight.
The job of the light infantry airborne
units was to isolate and remove the
German howitzers that protected the
English Channel and to block the
Germans from getting reinforcements
to the beach cities.
D-Day
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At 6:30 AM on June 6, 1944 the Allied air planes
ineffectively bombed the beaches and pillboxes of
Normandy for 1 hour.
At 7:30 AM the Allied forces began landing troops
on the beaches.
The U.S. took 2 beaches-Utah and Omaha.
Britain and Canada took 3 beaches-Gold, Juno,
and Sword.
The allies held an 80 mile strip of the beach after
7 days, but within a month the allies had landed
1 million troops.
By August 25, 1944 the allied forces had
liberated Paris and Northern France from German
occupation.
LUCK ON D-DAY
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Weather. Would have had to wait until end of
July if the weather wasn’t good enough on June
6 for the attack.
Operation Body Guard fooled the Germans.
Largest German battalion stayed at Calais
convinced the allies would attack there.
Rommell left the front and went home to
celebrate his wife’s birthday.
Hitler was asleep at the time of the attack and
no one was brave enough to wake him up.
Review
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What was the Allies’ plan for winning
the war?
What type of surrender did the allies
demand from the axis powers?
Where is Normandy and what is the
importance of the D-Day invasion?