Transcript Fascism Spreads Out

Fascism Spreads Out
The
Rise of Dictators
The Rise of Adolph Hitler
• Fascist Aggression—
starts in the 1930s,
dictators prepares
themselves for WWII
• Germany—Hitler in
charge in 1933, builds
up military (tanks, war
planes, 550,000
soldiers)
– *Importance—violates
Treaty of Versailles
(Fr. And Britain do
nothing to stop Hitler’s
arms race)
The Rise of Adolph Hitler
As Fuhrer he
made
Germany
a totalitarian
state
1928-1932 Nazis were
elected to Germany’s
Government
1932 Hitler
appointed to
Government
Hitler declares
himself
Fuhrer (leader)
1933 Hitler
Grabs power over
the German
Government
The Rise of Adolph Hitler
• 1936 Hitler passed
the Nuremberg
Laws
• 1) Jewish people were
forbidden from
marrying non-Jewish
Germans
• 2) Jewish people were
forbidden from holding
government or
university jobs
• 3) Jewish People were
forced to wear the Star
of David on their
clothes
The Rise of Adolph Hitler
•
Hitler was popular in
Germany because he
promised economic
recovery and more land
(territorial expansion)
•
He put German’s back to
work with public works
programs and through
military build up
•
He believed Germans were an
“Aryan Master Race” that
had the right to rule the world
The Rise of Adolph Hitler:
U.S. Response:
•
Franklin D. Roosevelt
became President of
America the same year
Hitler became dictator of
Germany (1933)
•
Roosevelt’s main concern was
solving the Great Depression in
America
•
Military spending was not a
concern for America; America
was not in any position to
intervene in Germany
The Rise of Adolph Hitler
U.S. Response:
• Stop Light: Green, Yellow, or Red?.....Write a 4
sentence expository paragraph explanation on a
separate sheet of paper and explain what color light
this event is and why, and what America could or
should have done differently during this event
Red= America stepped in and stopped the rise of Hitler from
continuing
Yellow= America cautiously slowed the rise of Hitler.
Green= America did nothing to stop the rise of Hitler and
allowed it to continue
Good Morning/Afternoon
• 4-21-08
• Warm-up
• Journal: Describe what a fascist is. What
is Fascism?
Fascism in Italy
•
Italy also faced economic
disaster and political
turmoil after World War I
• Benito Mussolini took
advantage of this
turmoil to gain
popularity in Italy
during the 1920’s
Fascism in Italy
•
Mussolini's goal was to
unite Italians using
reminders of the glory of
ancient Rome
•
1922 “March on Rome” he
convinced the Italian King to
appoint him Prime Minister
•
He was a Fascist (like Hitler)
who wanted to set up a
totalitarian state in Italy
Fascism in Italy
•
Fascism: A totalitarian system of
government that uses fear and
control as a means to run a country.
Relies on 3 Pillars: 1) Militarism
2)Nationalism 3)Racism
• Nationalism: The practice of
constant promotion of the glory
of the nation in order to inspire
unity and patriotism
• Militarism: The practice of
constantly building the strength
and size of your military in order
to
scare your neighbors
•
Racism: The belief that one race is
superior to another, based solely on
racial/ethnic differences. Fascism
relies on racism to identify an
enemy of the state to unite the
citizens
• In October 1935
Mussolini invaded
Ethiopia so he could
control the mouth of
the Red Sea
• Haile Selassie—King
of Ethiopia, spoke out
at League of Nations,
asking for help
• *No one helps, Italy
conquers Ethiopia
Fascism in Italy
U.S. Response
•
Congress passed The Neutrality Acts: forbade the sale of
arms to nations at war (stopped U.S. from helping
Ethiopia too)
•
President Roosevelt called for “Moral Embargo” against
Italy
•
U.S. refused to trade oil, copper, and scrap metal (used in
war) with Italy
Fascism in Italy
U.S. Response:
• Stop Light: Green, Yellow, or Red?.....Write a 3
sentence explanation on a separate sheet of paper and
explain what color light this event is and why, and
what America could or should have done differently
during this event
Red= America stepped in and stopped the situation from
continuing
Yellow= America cautiously slowed the situation down
Green= America did nothing to stop the situation and allowed it
to continue
The Spanish Civil War 1938-39
The Spanish Civil War
• Francisco Franco was
trying to set up a
Fascist government in
Spain
• Mussolini (Italy) and
Hitler (Germany) helped
Franco defeat his rivals
in Spain by sending
troops and weapons
The Spanish Civil War
• Importance—
Germany and Italy
use Spanish Civil war
as a laboratory to test
it’s new weapons and
fighting strategies
• *Blitzkrieg—
“Lighting war” use
planes and tanks to
quickly attack enemy
followed by troops to
destroy enemy before
they can
counterattack
• The Spanish Civil War ends in
1939—Franco wins
• Franco immediately set up a
Fascist government in Spain
• Rome-Berlin Axis: military
alliance between Germany and
Italy 1936
The Spanish Civil War
U.S. Response:
• President Roosevelt made sure that America
stayed neutral and did nothing to help either side
during the civil war. The U.S. took no action
against Franco
The Spanish Civil War
U.S. Response:
• Stop Light: Green, Yellow, or Red?.....Write a 3
sentence explanation on a separate sheet of paper and
explain what color light this event is and why, and
what America could or should have done differently
during this event
Red= America stepped in and stopped the situation from
continuing
Yellow= America cautiously slowed the situation down
Green= America did nothing to stop the situation and allowed it
to continue
Good Morning/Afternoon
• 4-22-08
• Warm-up
• Turn to page 434. Complete the analyzing
visuals question for History through Art.
Pablo Picasso 1937
The Rise of Militarism in Japan
The Rise of Militarism in Japan
• Fascist dictator Tojo
took control of Japan
in the early 1930’s
• Tojo expanded Japan’s
control in Asia in order
to take over Asia’s rich
natural resources
The Rise of Militarism in Japan
• 1931: Japan
invaded
Manchuria: a
part of Northern
China rich in
coal and iron
The Rise of Militarism in Japan
• Comfort Women: Japanese
military often forced young
girls in colonized regions to
serve as sex slaves for
hundreds of soldiers a time
• The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo
Axis: 1936: Japan formed a
military alliance with
Germany and Italy
The Rise of Militarism in Japan
• Japan continued to invade smaller countries in
Asia through out the late 1930’s
The Rise of Militarism in Japan
U.S. Response:
• President
Roosevelt spoke
out publicly
against Japan’s
aggression in Asia
• Moral Embargo:
Forbade U.S. from
trading oil and
scrap metal (used
in war) with Japan
The Rise of Militarism in Japan
U.S. Response:
• Stop Light: Green, Yellow, or Red?.....Write a 3
sentence explanation on a separate sheet of paper and
explain what color light this event is and why, and
what America could or should have done differently
during this event
Red= America stepped in and stopped the situation from
continuing
Yellow= America cautiously slowed the situation down
Green= America did nothing to stop the situation and allowed it
to continue
Violation and Appeasement
Violation and Appeasement
Violation and Appeasement
• Hitler wants to regain
land lost after WWI
• 1936: Hitler sent
troops into the
Rhineland (along the
German border with
France)
• Lebensraum—
“living space”. Ger.
Wants more space
for it’s people.
• 1938: Hitler invaded
Austria and declared
it part of Germany
• 1938: Hitler invaded
the Sudetenland (part
of Czechoslovakia
that used to be part of
Germany before
World War I)
The Munich Agreement 1938
The Munich Agreement 1938
•
•
September 28, 1938
a meeting between Great
Britain, France and Germany
•
Czechoslovakia was not invited to
the meeting!!
Great Britain Appeased Hitler with
this agreement
•
•
British Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain allows Hitler to take
the Sudetenland; Hitler promises
that he wouldn’t try to take over
any new territories (Yeah Right!)
The Munich Agreement
U.S. Response
•
Pres. Roosevelt
told Chamberlain to
reach a peaceful
solution with Hitler
•
Roosevelt told Hitler
that there needed to be
a new conference to
discuss the tension in
Europe
The Munich Agreement
U.S. Response:
• Stop Light: Green, Yellow, or Red?.....Write a 3
sentence explanation on a separate sheet of paper and
explain what color light this event is and why, and
what America could or should have done differently
during this event
Red= America stepped in and stopped the situation from
continuing
Yellow= America cautiously slowed the situation down
Quiz
• 1. _____ was the fascist
leader of Germany
• 2. ____ was the fascist
leader of Italy
• 3. ____ is the type of
government where
workers control the
government
• 4. ____ was a book
written by Hitler
• 5. ____ is German for
“living space”
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Word Bank
Fascism
Hitler
Mein Kampf
Communism
Lebensraum
Nazism
Mussolini
Good Morning/Afternoon
• 4-23-08
• Warm-up
• Does shortening a war to save lives justify
killing civilians?
The Invasion of Czechoslovakia
The Invasion of Czechoslovakia
•
March 1939 Hitler invaded
the rest of
Czechoslovakia (he
promised he wouldn’t)
• Next Hitler demanded parts
of Poland
• Great Britain warns Hitler if he
invades Poland they will declare
war on Germany
The Invasion of Czechoslovakia
•
Hitler responded to
Britain’s threat by making
a secret agreement with
the Soviet Union: The
Nazi-Soviet Non
Aggression Pact:
•
Germany and the
Soviet Union agreed
not to attack each
other and agreed to
divide up Poland
later on
The Invasion of Czechoslovakia
U.S. Response
•
Pres. Roosevelt asked Italy to tell Hitler to stop his
aggression in Europe
•
Pres. Roosevelt asked Germany and Poland to reach a
peaceful agreement
The Invasion of Czechoslovakia
U.S. Response:
• Stop Light: Green, Yellow, or Red?.....Write a 3
sentence explanation on a separate sheet of paper and
explain what color light this event is and why, and
what America could or should have done differently
during this event
Red= America stepped in and stopped the situation from
continuing
Yellow= America cautiously slowed the situation down
Green= America did nothing to stop the situation and allowed it
to continue
World War II Begins
World War II Begins
•
September 1, 1939:
Hitler invaded Poland
even though Great
Britain and France
warned him not to
•
Great Britain/France
immediately declare war on
Germany
•
Poland is conquered in less
than 3 weeks
“Phony War”
•
•
For the next 6 months the war was slow to progress;
both sides (G.B./France vs. Germany) were gearing up for
war with little fighting at first
•
Maginot Line: border between France and Germany: France fortified
their troops along this line but Germany invaded through Belgium!
World War II Begins
U.S. Response
•
•
“Cash and Carry”
America did eventually sell weapons/supplies to
Great Britain but made Britain come and pick
them up themselves and pay cash on the spot
(U.S. learned its lesson from World War I submarine
warfare)
The Invasion of Czechoslovakia
U.S. Response:
• Stop Light: Green, Yellow, or Red?.....Write a 3
sentence explanation on a separate sheet of paper and
explain what color light this event is and why, and
what America could or should have done differently
during this event
Red= America stepped in and stopped the situation from
continuing
Yellow= America cautiously slowed the situation down
Green= America did nothing to stop the situation and allowed it
to continue
U.S. Support of Britain
• By late 1940 Hitler was in control of most of Europe
• Great Britain was the only power left that Hitler was yet to
conquer
Assignment
• Complete questions 1-4 on page 450.
• Complete questions 1-4 on page 435.