Transcript AAA Nazi Creed Holocaust

BELLWORK
1.
2.
3.
4.
What was decided at the Yalta Conference?
Why did Hitler commit suicide?
Why does Germany surrender?
Look at the graph on page 515 
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Which country had the most military deaths?
Which country had the most civilian deaths?
The U.S. suffered 2,000 civilian deaths – what factors
account for this comparatively low estimate?
5. THINKER: Now that war in Europe is over, what do
you think the countries should do to help rebuild and
restore trust in the government?
Effects in post-WWII Germany
• Germany was totally
defeated, and the Nazi
regime brought down. Its
leaders were tried for
crimes against humanity
at Nuremberg.
• German cities were in
ruins from a massive
bombing campaign.
• Germany was divided
into 4 zones of
occupation by the
victorious powers
Effects in post-WWII England
• England was devastated
by the war, having
experienced extensive
bombing during the 1940
blitz by the Germans.
• The economy depended
on recovery & aid from
the United States.
• England rapidly phased
out most of its remaining
colonies in the years
immediately following
the war.
Effects in post-WWII France
• France had not experienced the
enormous human losses
sustained in the First World
War, but would have to recover
from the effects of Nazi
occupation.
• Like England, France would be
compelled to dismantle its
colonial empire in the years
following the war. This was a
particularly traumatic and
drawn out process for the
French, in Algeria and in
Vietnam where they fought
prolonged and bitter wars in an
attempt to maintain their
colonial control.
• England and France no longer
held a status of power
comparable to the United
States or the Soviet Union.
Effects in post-WWII Soviet Union
• The Soviets had suffered
immeasurably during the
war, and western SU was
devastated by the land
warfare which was primarily
on Soviet territory.
• But, in the process of
defeating the Germans, the
Russians had built a large
and powerful army, which
occupied most of Eastern
Europe at the end of the war.
• The great resources and
population of SU assured
that the Soviet Union would
be, along with the United
States, one of two superpowers.
Effects in post-WWII United States
• The United States economy
was greatly stimulated by the
war, even more so than in
World War I.
• The depression was brought to
an end, and new industrial
centers were built all over the
United States.
• By avoiding the physical
destruction of war, the U.S.
economy dominated the world
economy.
• After 4 years of military buildup,
the U.S. had also become the
leading military power.
• The position of the United
States as world leader was now
more obvious than ever.
Discussion
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When Allied troops invaded central Europe, they
began to liberate concentration camps. For many,
this was the first time they saw the horrors of war
and genocide. Before we talk about the Holocaust,
let’s discuss a few questions….
What is genocide?
What racial, ethnic, or cultural groups have been
subjected to genocide in the past or in the present?
What steps could a country take to eliminate
genocide?
Should the U.S. help other countries that are
experiencing genocide?
• “Once I really am in
power, my first and
foremost task will be
the annihilation of the
Jews. . . until all
Germany has
completely been
cleansed of Jews.”
– Adolf Hitler
Anti-Semitism
• Aryans > Semites
• When Hitler became leader in 1933, he made anti-Semitism
(discrimination directed at Jews) the official policy of
Germany.
• This hatred led to the Holocaust: Nazi Germany’s mass
murder of European Jews.
• Included Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, disabled, mentally
challenged, communists, homeless, and dissenters.
• Enforced by the Gestapo: Nazi secret police
• Nuremburg Laws: 1935 series of anti-Semitic laws; defined
racial laws; revoked citizenship from Jews
Kristallnacht
• “Night of the
Broken Glass”
• November 9,
1938: Nazi thugs
in Germany and
Austria destroyed
Jewish stores,
houses and
synagogues.
Warsaw ghetto
• Nazi plans for dealing with Jews included
establishment of ghettos: areas in which minority
groups are concentrated.
• Nazis took 30% of
Warsaw’s pop. and
sealed them off in
the
Warsaw ghetto.
• Ghettos were
surrounded with
walls
barbed wire.
Concentration Camps
Concentration Camps
1. Labor Camps
2. Transit and Collection Camps
3. POW Camps
4. Education Camps
5. Hostage Camps
6. Extermination/Death Camps
German Jewish Family before the war- only
two survived the Holocaust
A sign, in both German and Latvian, warning that people
attempting to cross the fence or to contact inhabitants of the Riga
ghetto will be shot. Riga, Latvia, 1941-1943.
Deportation of Jewish children from an
orphanage. Lodz ghetto, Poland.
Jews move into the Kovno ghetto.
Lithuania, 1941.
Child forced laborer in a ghetto factory.
Kovno, Lithuania, between 1941 and 1944
• A child eats in the
streets of the
Warsaw ghetto.
Warsaw, Poland.
Children eating in the ghetto streets.
Warsaw, Poland.
A Jewish victim of life in a
concentration camp
Mass grave of Holocaust victims
• Once the people
were killed, they
were cremated in
large furnaces like
this one
Auschwitz
Auschwitz
• 3 million died here by systematic starvation, forced
labor, lack of disease control, individual executions,
and "medical experiments".
• Camp was divided into three parts:
– Auschwitz I – administration
– Auschwitz II – extermination camp
– Auschwitz III – labor camp
• Soviet troops liberated the camp on April 19, 1945,
which came to be known as Holocaust
Remembrance day.
Medical Experimentations
Allied Help
• Witold Pilecki: Polish army captain who agreed to spend 945
days in Auschwitz.
• He gathered evidence of genocide and sent it to Britain.
• Two prisoners, Rudolf Vrba and Alfred Wetzler, escaped and
gave a detailed report about the camp.
• Convinced Allied leaders about the truth of Auschwitz.
Birkenau Revolt
• On October 7, 1944, the Jewish
Sonderkommandos of Auschwitz II staged an
uprising.
• They attacked prison guards and blew up the
Crematorium IV.
• Joined by other
inmates who
overpowered guards
and
broke out of the
compound.
Liberation of Auschwitz
• In November 1945, generals ordered the
crematoriums to be destroyed before the Red
Army reached Auschwitz.
• Gas chambers were blown up to hide
evidence of German crimes.
• The Death March: there were 60,000
prisoners left in Auschwitz. Forced them to
walk to Loslau, another Polish concentration
camp.
• 15,000 died on the way, but eventually Soviet
forces infiltrated all camps.
Holocaust Comes to an End
• In 1944, FDR created War Refugee Board (WRB):
programs and funding to help rescue Jews
• Nazis began abandoning camps for fear of Allied
advances.
• In 1945, American armies reached the concentration
camps.
• Nuremburg Trials: Former Nazi leaders on trial for
crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and
war crimes.
• 24 Nazi defendants – 12 executed
Total Deaths: 9-11 Million
Holocaust Facts
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Jewish Population
Greek Origin
Maria Mandel
Amount of Z-clon B
Nazi Escape
Grave Discovery
Berlin Olympics
Chocolate
Where was America?
• Did Americans know the Holocaust was happening?
If so, why didn’t they do anything earlier? Why did
they wait so long to help?
• Similar stories during WWI
• Thought it was an exaggeration
• Major news sources downplayed its importance
– New York Times reported the victims as “refugees”
– Were timid about mixed Jewish – German readership
– Never highlighted its importance
CLOSURE
• What fact/term/concept/idea about the
Holocaust sticks out the most to you?
Explain!
• Many German citizens knew about the
Holocaust as it was happening but chose to
do nothing. Do you think this makes them
just as guilty?
– What could they have done to help?
– What might have happened if they decided to speak
out against the government?