Transcript What is a Cell?

Monday, Sept. 28th
Bell-ringer: Please
get out your
notebooks, and go to
page 23.
Agenda:
•Bell-ringer
•Objective
•Review “Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic” notes
•“Cell Structure: Cell
Organelle Graphic Organizer”
Objective:
•Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things
are made of cells, either one cell or many different numbers
and types of cells (S.7.LS.1)
1
Write the following:
8/24/15 Safety Rules
6-7
8/27/15 Observing, Analyzing, Inferring, and
Hypothesizing
9
9/1/15 “What is Science?” and Scientific
discoveries
10-11
9/8/15 Scientific inquiry/method
13
9/11/15 Scientific fact/theory
15
9/14/15 All Living things Do This…
17
9/15/15 Characteristics of Living Things
18
9/21/15 How Living Things are Organized
19
9/23/15 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
23
Ninth entry…
Date: 9/23/15
Description: Prokaryotic
and Eukaryotic Cells
Page #: 23
Title page 23, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
•These are single celled organisms.
•They have no nucleus, but have DNA.
•Their DNA is scattered throughout
the cell.
•They are very small even under a
microscope.
Examples: Bacteria and Archaea
•These are the largest cells.
•All living things that are not bacteria
or archaea are made of eukaryotic
cells.
•They have a nucleus with DNA
inside.
Examples: Animals, plants, and fungi
Write the following:
8/24/15 Safety Rules
6-7
8/27/15 Observing, Analyzing, Inferring, and
Hypothesizing
9
9/1/15 “What is Science?” and Scientific
discoveries
10-11
9/8/15 Scientific inquiry/method
13
9/11/15 Scientific fact/theory
15
9/14/15 All Living things Do This…
17
9/15/15 Characteristics of Living Things
18
9/21/15 How Living Things are Organized
19
9/23/15 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
23
9/28/15 Cell Structures: Cell Organelle Graphic
Organizer
25
Tenth entry…
Date: 9/28/15
Description:
Cell Structures: Cell
Organelle Graphic
Organizer
Page #: 25
Title page 25, Cell Structures: Cell Organelle
Graphic Organizer
Directions:
1. Fold your “Cell Structures: Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer” like a
hamburger. It should flip open like a book with the title on the front
and “Glue Here” on the back.
2. Apply glue to the “Glue Here” box. The best way to get the sheet to
stick is to trace over the “Glue Here” box and then make an “X”
through the center of the box.
3. To place in your notebook –line up the folded edge of your sheet
with the red margin line on the left to ensure it is straight. To make
sure the page doesn’t stick out the bottom of your notebook, line
up the top of the sheet with the top blue line- press firmly to glue
in place.
4. Now, you have your sheet on the right side of your notebook, you
still have plenty of room for student output on the left!
*First entry on the sheet*
Cell Theory tells us…
1. All living things are
made of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest
working units of all
living things.
3. Cells come from preexisting cells through
cell division.
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
What is a Cell?
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions – i.e. has all of the
characteristics of living things.
Notice how the shape of the cell determines what its function is…
Egg or Ovum
Sperm Cell
Smooth Muscle Cell
Neuron
Red Blood Cell
Osteocyte or Bone Cell
White Blood Cell
Connective Tissue Cell
Intestinal Cell
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Epithelial Cell from Cheek
Examples of Cells
Elodea Leaf Cell
Amoeba Proteus
Nerve Cell
Red Blood Cell
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Characteristics of
Prokaryotic Cells
• Simple, unicellular organisms
• Do not have membrane-bound
organelles
• Bacteria ONLY!
• Includes Kingdoms Eubacteria
and Archaebacteria
• We like to say “PRO?” “NO!”…
meaning NO nucleus, NO
organelles
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Characteristics of
Eukaryotic Cells
• Complex organisms - most living
things
• Can be unicellular or multicellular
• Contain organelles surrounded by
membranes
• For this, We like to say “EU
(YOU)?” “TRUE!”… meaning TRUE
nucleus, TRUE organelles
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Tuesday, Sept. 29th
Bell-ringer: Discuss
with your neighbor,
“What are the 3 parts
of the cell theory?”
Agenda:
•Bell-ringer
•Objective
•“Cell Structure: Cell
Organelle Graphic Organizer”
Objective:
•Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things
are made of cells, either one cell or many different numbers
and types of cells (S.7.LS.1)
11
Cell Membrane
NO ENTRY!
All Prokaryotic &
Eukaryotic cells
Cell
Membrane
Structure:
this
organelle
• What
Locatedifon
outside
of cell.
from the
• were
Made missing
of phospholipid
bilayer: cell?
phosphates and
(fats) could go in
• lipids
Materials
and out unfiltered
Function:
• Cell
would
lack
• Determines
structure what goes
in/out of cell
• Protects and supports cell
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
CELL MEMBRANE:
The PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
is semi-permeable, meaning it allows some
materials to pass through freely, while other
materials cannot.
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Cytoplasm
All Prokaryotic &
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic cells
What if this organelle
Structure:
were missing
from the
Jelly-like
material found
inside
cell?
cell membrane
• Organelles would have
no protection
Function:
• Nutrients
could cell’s
not
Supports
and protects
organelles.
Containscellsome
diffuse through
nutrients for cell
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
mmm…jelly
doughnut!
Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA
ONLY in Eukaryotic cells (Prokaryotes
have Free-floating DNA not bound by a
nucleus)
Structure:
Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA
and… ACTION!
• Has a nuclear membrane to allow
What ifinthis
were
materials
andorganelle
out
missing
frommaterial
the cell?– DNA
• Contains
genetic
(chromosomes)
which
contain
• Cell
could not function
instructions for traits
• No
direction for organelles
• Contains dark central ball called the
nucleolus (makes ribosomes)
Function:
Directs cell activities
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Wednesday, Sept. 30th
Bell-ringer: Discuss
with your neighbor, the
functions of the cell
membrane, cytoplasm,
and nucleus.
Agenda:
•Bell-ringer
•Objective
•“Cell Structure: Cell
Organelle Graphic Organizer”
Objective:
•Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things
are made of cells, either one cell or many different numbers
and types of cells (S.7.LS.1)
16
Ribosome
All Prokaryotic &
Eukaryotic cells
Ribosome
Structure:
• Not
bound
by aorganelle
membrane
What
if this
werecell
missing
from
the
• Each
contains
thousands
(little BLACK cell?
dots in the pictures
to the right)
• Cells would not have
• Found on endoplasmic
building blocks to
reticulum & freely floating
create
organelles,
etc.
throughout cell
Function:
Makes protein
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
ORDER UP!
Mitochondria
All Eukaryotic Cells
Mitochondria
Structure:
What if this organelle
Rod
wereshaped
missingand
fromfound
the
throughout cell
I’ve got
the
POWER!
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
cell?
• Function:
Cells would not be able
•to“Powerhouse”
of cell to
create energy
•perform
Producesfunctions
energy from
sugar through chemical
reactions
(Cellular
Respiration)
Chloroplast
Eukaryotic Plant cells
Chloroplast
ONLY
What if this organelle
Structure:
were missing
from the
• Found
in plant cells
cell?
• Contains green chlorophyll
•
Plants
would
not
be
Function:
able to make food
Photosynthesis uses sunlight
to make sugar for plant
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
I’m Sweet!
Golgi Bodies
(aka Golgi Apparatus or Golgi
Complex)
All Eukaryotic Cells
Golgi
Bodies
Structure:
What
if
this
organelle
Made of 5-8 sacs
were missing from the
Function:
cell?
•
Processes
and
packages
• Cell would not be able
& lipids
toproteinspackage
or
•transport
Move materials
within
materials
the
cell
and
out
of
the
Pack it up, Move
efficiently
it out!
cell in small sac called
“vesicle”
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
All Eukaryotic
cells
What
if this organelle
were missing from the
Structure:
cell?and sacs
• Series of tubes
• Some
ribosomes
– Smooth: without
ribosomes
would
notribosomes
have a
– Rough: with
home
Function:
• Proteins
would
not
Transports
proteins
and breaks
have
of
down
drugs ain thesystem
cell
transport
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
All Aboard!
Lysosome
All Eukaryotic Cells
Lysosome
Structure:
What
if
this
organelle
Vesicle built by the Golgi
were missing from the
bodies
cell?
Function:
• Cells would not be able
•toDigestsbreak
excess or worn
down
out organelles, food
materials
particles, and engulfed
Break it
DOWN!
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
viruses or bacteria.
• “Disposal” of the cell
Vacuole
All Vacuole
Eukaryotic cells
Structure:
What if this organelle
• were
LARGEmissing
in plant cells,
fromsmall
the in
animal cells.
cell?
• Contains water & nutrients
• Cell would not have a
storage area for water,
Function:
food, etc.
•• Help
Plantplants
cellsmaintain
wouldshape
lose
• Storage,
shape digestion, & waste
removal
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Let’s go for a
dip!
Cell Wall
Cell
Wall
All Prokaryotic Cells &
Need
some
support?
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Eukaryotic
Cells
What
if thisPLANT
organelle
ONLY from the
were missing
cell?
Structure:
• Found
Plantonly
andinbacteria
plant cellscells
&
bacteria
would cells
lack support
and
protection
Function:
Supports & protects cells
Thursday, Oct. 1st
Bell-ringer: Study
your organelles and
their function. (5
minutes)
Agenda:
•Bell-ringer
•Quiz
•Objective
•Complete “Cell Structure:
Cell Organelle Graphic
Organizer” questions
Objective:
•Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things
are made of cells, either one cell or many different numbers
and types of cells (S.7.LS.1)
25
Friday, Oct. 2nd
Bell-ringer: Review
Agenda:
questions/answers with •Bell-ringer
•Science current events
neighbor from sheet.
Objective:
•Objective
•“Comparing Cell Organelles”
sheet
•Research everyday applications and interactions of science and
technology. (SC.O.7.3.05)
•Evaluate and critically analyze mass media reports of scientific
developments and events. (SC.O.7.3.06)
•Explore the connections between science, technology, society and
career opportunities. (SC.O.7.3.07)
•Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are
made of cells, either one cell or many different numbers and types
of cells (S.7.LS.1)
26
In both Only
Prokaryotes
and Eukaryotes:
Let’s
Compare…
in Eukaryotes:
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Cell Wall – Bacteria and Plants
Genetic Material - DNA
Ribosome
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Golgi Bodies
Vacuole
Endoplasmic
Lysosome
Reticulum
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
How many can you remember?
Lysosome
DNA Nucleolus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nuclear Membrane
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Cytoplasm
Location, Location, Location…
Why are the organelle locations important?
Think about their jobs and let’s discuss…
•
•
•
•
Where is the nucleus? What does it do?
Where is the nucleolus? What is it’s job?
Where are the ribosomes? Why are they important?
What about the Endoplasmic Reticulum? What does it transport?
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Location, Location, Location…
The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It is located
in the center because of the need to send messages via
proteins and other chemicals at the same rate to all other
organelles within the cell. If it were located at the edge
of the cell, organelles at the opposite edge would not
receive messages as quickly as those located near the
nucleus itself.
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Location, Location, Location…
The nucleolus inside the nucleus makes ribosomes. Those ribosomes
are then sent out of the nucleus through the pores in the nuclear
membrane where they may be free floating throughout the cell or
attach themselves to the E.R. Because the ribosomes make proteins, it
makes sense that they are attached to the E.R. which transports
proteins to other parts of the cell. And because the nucleolus makes
ribosomes, it makes sense that the E.R. is located around the nucleus,
to receive the ribosomes as they exit through the nuclear membrane.
Location is IMPORTANT!
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Title page 24, Comparing Cell Organelles
Directions:
1. Fold your “Comparing Cell Organelles” sheet like a hamburger. It
should flip open like a book with the title on the front and “Glue
Here” on the back.
2. Apply glue to the “Glue Here” box. The best way to get the sheet to
stick is to trace over the “Glue Here” box and then make an “X”
through the center of the box.
3. To place in your notebook –line up the folded edge of your sheet
with the red margin line on the left to ensure it is straight. To make
sure the page doesn’t stick out the bottom of your notebook, line
up the top of the sheet with the top blue line- press firmly to glue
in place.
Cell Comparison: Bacteria,
Plant & Animal Cells
You wouldn’t know it by looking at
them, but Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
have a lot in common! Bacteria, plants
and animals share a lot of the same
organelles. This activity will help you to
see the similarities and differences
between the basic cell structures. Be
sure to follow the directions for coloring
in order to make those connections
between the cells.
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
What
Do:
CreateYou
Your
Cells:
First,
a moment
to identifyabove,
the organelles
present
each
cell.page
For
Now, take
using
the information
color the
cellsinon
your
each
organelle
that key
is present,
color above.
the box Be
in careful
the column
the
following
the color
in the table
and pay
designated
color
that organelle.
Remember,
some
the
attention to
thefor
number
identification
provided
for cells
you share
for each
same
check
for eachcolor,
cell type
below
cell. organelles,
Remember,soif you
you may
colorhave
one aitem
a certain
everything
depending on the organelle.
Check Your
Work…
else that looks like that item should also be that color as well.
Organelle
1. Cell membrane
Color
Purple
Bacteria
Present in the cell?
Plant
X
X
X
2. Cytoplasm
White
X
X
X
Orange
(No Nucleus )
(Has a Nucleus )
(Has a Nucleus )
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
3. DNA (Eukaryotic: includes Nucleus.
Nucleolus, nuclear membrane; Prokaryotic:
circular DNA)
4. Ribosome
Black (already
colored)
5. Mitochondria
6. Vacuole
7. Golgi Body
8. Endoplasmic Reticulum
9. Lysosome
10. Chloroplast
11. Cell Wall
© Getting Nerdy, LLC
Red
Light Blue
Yellow
Dark Blue
Pink
Dark Green
Light Green
X
X
X
Animal