Transcript Chapter 16 Section 4

America Moves Towards War
Isolationist Viewpoint
• The U.S. should avoid
alliances with other nations
• Americans should focus on
issues at home, such as the
depression
• Complete neutrality was the
way to keep the U.S. safe
• Intervention in a foreign war
would be a mistake, just as
WWI was
Interventionist Viewpoint
• The U.S. should work with
other nations to promote
collective security
• Axis aggressions were wrong
and threatened American
interests
• The U.S. should aid the allies,
who were fighting for
democracy and freedom
• The U.S. should put pressure
on the Axis Powers and
prepare for war
Moving Cautiously Away from Neutrality
 FDR issued an official proclamation of neutrality
 On Sept. 8, after 6 weeks of debates, FDR
persuades Congress to pass “cash-and-carry”
 FDR argues we must help France & Britain to
defeat Hitler to keep us out of the war
 1940, FDR tries to provide Britain “all aid short of
war”
The Lend-Lease Plan
• This was a economic declaration of war against
Germany & the Axis
• FDR tells nation if Britain fall, Axis powers are
free to conquer the world
– U.S. must become the “arsenal of democracy”
• By late 1940, Britain has no more cash to buy
U.S. arms
• 1941 Lend-Lease Act – U.S. to lend or lease
supplies for defense
– lend weapons & other supplies to any country whose
defense was vital to the U.S.
Lend Lease Aid Given by the
United States
Year
1941 (March –
December)
1942
1943
1944
1945 (January –
August)
Total
British
$1.1 billion
Soviet Union
$20.0 million
$4.8 billion
$9.0 billion
$10.8 billion
$4.4 billion
$1.4 billion
$2.4 billion
$4.1 billion
$2.8 billion
$30.1 billion
$10.7 billion
The Atlantic Charter
 August, FDR & Churchill meet and issues the
Atlantic Charter – A joint declaration of war
aims
 Fight Europe first then Pacific
 Charter is basis of “A Declaration of the
United Nations” or Allies
 Allies – nations that fight the Axis powers; 26
nations sign the Declaration
Shoot on Sight
• German U-boats fire on U.S.
ships
• Fall of 1941, USS Reuben
James is sunk killing more
than 100 sailors
• FDR orders the navy to shoot
U-boats on sight
• U-boat attacks lead Senate to
repeal ban on arming
merchant ships
Japan’s Ambitions in the Pacific
• Japan had dreams of
creating a vast colonial
empire
• July, 1941, Japan seizes
French bases in
Indochina
– U.S. cut off steel & oil to
Japan
• Japan needs oil from U.S.
or must take Dutch East
Indies oil fields
• Japan started peace talks
Peace Talks are Questioned
 1941, U.S. breaks Japanese codes; learns
Japan planning to attack the U.S.
 Peace talks with Japan last about 1 month
 November 5, Tojo starts to plan for the attack
on Pearl Harbor
 December 6, Japanese envoy instructed to
reject all U.S. proposals
The Attack on Pearl Harbor
 December 7, 1941, the
Japanese attacks Pearl
Harbor
 2,403 Americans killed;
1,178 wounded
 Over 300 aircraft, 21
ships destroyed or
damaged
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Reaction to Pearl Harbor
 December 8, Congress approves FDR’s
request for declaration of war against Japan
 December 11, Germany & Italy declared war
on the U.S.
 The U.S. was unprepared to fight in both the
Atlantic & Pacific Oceans
Chapter 16 Section 4 Quiz
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1.)What act allowed the U.S. to sell weapons to
nations at war as long as they paid cash?
a.) Selective Services Act
b.) Kellogg-Briand Act
c.) Neutrality Act
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2.) Why did the Americans start selling weapons
to nations at war?
a.) Pres. Roosevelt thought it would help France
and Great Britain
b.) Pres. Roosevelt thought it would bring
America out of a depression
c.) Pres. Roosevelt wanted America to get
involved in the war
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3.) What countries formed the Axis power?
a.) Germany, Italy and Japan
b.) Germany, France and Italy
c.) U.S., France and Great Britain
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4.) What was the name of the act that created
the draft?
a.) Selective Services Act
b.) Neutrality Act
c.) War Draft Act
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5.) What president had three terms?
a.) Pres. Hoover
b.) Pres. Franklin Roosevelt
c.) Pres. Theodore Roosevelt
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6.) What form of media was used by Pres.
Roosevelt to reveal America was at war?
a.) Television
b.) Magazine
c.) Radio
7.) What act was passed that allowed America to
lend money and weapons to Great Britain?
a.) Neutrality Act
b.) Lend-Lease Act
c.) Weapons Act of 1914
8.) Which country broke their pledge and
attacked when they promised they wouldn’t?
a.) Germany attacked the Soviet Union
b.) The Soviet Union attacked Germany
c.) They both attacked each other
9.) What future enemy did America send lendlease weapons to in WWII?
a.) Germany
b.) Italy
c.) Russia
10.) What was the name of German submarines
that attacked at night?
a.) Wolf Packs
b.) Pack attackers
c.) Stealth Bombers
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Chapter 16 Section 4 Quiz
Con’t.
11.) What new technology helped Americans
track down German submarines?
a.) Radar and Sonar
b.) Television
c.) Telescope
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16.) What base did the Japanese attack?
a.) Pearl Harbor
b.) Nuremburg
c.) Guantanamo Bay
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17.) How many Americans died during the attack
of Pearl Harbor?
a.) 2403
b.) 24, 030
c.) 243
12.) What was the name of the agreement
between 26 nations where the nations agreed to
military cooperation?
a.) United Nations
b.) United Arab Emirates
c.) Allied Nations
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13.) When Japan attacked East Asia, who was
the only nation that could stop them?
a.) Great Britain
b.) France
c.) United States
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14.) What did the U.S. do to Japan first?
a.) Cut off trade
b.) Invaded their nation
c.) Bombed them
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15.) What year did the Japanese attack
Americans?
a.) 1941
b.) 1914
c.) 1951
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18.) How many ships were sunk during the
attack of Pearl Harbor?
a.) 21 ships
b.) 12 ships
c.) 112 ships
19.) How many ai
rcraft were destroyed during the attack of Pearl
Harbor?
a.) over 300
b.) over 3000
c.) Under 100
20.) Give the name of the speech by Pres.
Roosevelt in response to Pearl Harbor?
a.) I Have a Dream
b.) The Fourteen Points bulletin
c.) Today is a Day That Will Live in Infamy