Transcript Events After World War I and their Impact on Georgia

World War II
Learning Targets
 I can describe the impact of World War II on




Georgia’s development economically, socially, and
politically.
I can describe the impact of events leading up to
American involvement in World War II to include
Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
I can evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft,
military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick
shipyards, and Carl Vinson.
I can explain the impact of the Holocaust on
Georgians.
I can discuss the ties to Georgia that President
Roosevelt had and his impact on the state.
The United States was still struggling to get out of the
Great Depression when war broke out in Europe in
September 1939.
Isolationism
 The United States
tried to maintain
a policy of
isolationism (not
taking part in the
affairs of other
nations), but that
came to an end as
the war came to
America’s shores.
Increasing Tensions
The 1930s was a time for the rise of dictators
(individuals who wanted to rule countries
through military might).
To them, order was more important than
freedom, and the nation more important than
the individual.
By appealing to nationalism (strong feelings
for one’s nation and its traditions), these new
leaders diverted their people’s concern away
from democracy and human rights.
Expansion of Power & Territory
Japan, Italy, Germany and the Soviet Union were trying
to expand their power and territory.
 Many Germans had never forgiven the victorious Allies
for a peace settlement on them at the end of the WWI.
 Germany had been...
Forced to disarm
Told to make huge payments to the victors
Had to give up many of its overseas colonies & other land
in Europe
Japan
Italy
Germany
Soviet
Union
Emperor
Hirohito
Benito
Mussolini
Adolf
Hitler
Joseph
Stalin
Industrial
Nation
Did not have
basic raw
materials (coal,
iron ore,
rubber)
Seized most of
coastal China
Sent Italian
troops into the
African nation
of Ethiopia
Italy conquered
Albania
Promised to make
Germany a great
nation again and to
regain the territory
lost after WWI
Began a program of
economic
improvements
Rebuilt the German
military forces
(violated treaty
ending WWI)
Believed that
German Jews were
responsible for
Germany’s defeat
and began to
persecute them.
His followers (Nazis)
silenced all
opponents.
Built up the
country’s
industries
Forced the
peasants onto
collective farms
Alliances Form
 Hitler (Germany) and Mussolini (Italy) sign a treaty
and form the “Berlin-Rome Axis.”
 Japan later joins.
 Hitler and Stalin (Soviet Union) sign a nonagression
pact (agree not to wage war against each other).
Hitler’s Quest for Power
 In Hitler’s quest for power, he tried to unite all
the Germanic peoples of Europe.
 By early 1938, he had seized the Rhineland
(an area between France and Germany)
 Annexed Austria
 Great Britain and
France agreed to let
Hitler take over the
Sudetenland (part of
Czechoslovakia) =
appeasement (policy
of giving an aggressor
what it wants in order
to avoid war)
Warning
 Great Britain and
France warned Hitler
NOT to seize any
more territory.
 On September 1,
1939, German troops
invaded Poland.
The War Begins
 Shortly
thereafter,
Great Britain
and France
declared war
on Germany.
Germany and Soviet Union
Continue Quest
 But before Great Britain and France could
send troops, Germany and Soviet forces...
--divided Poland between them
--Soviets took over...
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Finland
Hitler Struck Again
 Conquered Denmark, Norway, Holland,
Belgium, Luxembourg, a large part of France.
British Army Retreated
 The British Army retreated from the
continent across the English Channel, and
Hitler made plans to invade Great Britain.
Great Britain Holds Their Own
 Hitler’s air force
heavily bombed
British cities from
August through
December 1940.
 However, the Royal
Air Force was able to
hold off the German
bombers, and Great
Britain was not
invaded.
A Neutral United States
 Many Americans felt strongly that the US should
not get involved, but Great Britain was an ally
and in desperate need of supplies.
Lend-Lease Act
 In 1941, Congress passed
the Lend-Lease Act, which
allowed President Roosevelt
to lend or lease weapons,
supplies, and equipment
to any country whose
defense was critical to
US security. The US
helped the Allied forces by
Lending or renting
military supplies.
Aid to Soviets
 After Germany turned on and invaded the Soviet
Union in June 1941, Roosevelt gave lend-lease
aid to the Soviets as well.
 Roosevelt built air bases in Greenland and
Iceland.
 Planes from these
bases tracked
German submarines.
 The US Navy
escorted British
ships part of
the way across
the Atlantic.
Germans Sank US Destroyer
 In late 1941, German submarines sank an
American destroyer.
American-Japanese Relations
 Relations Got Worse
 To protest Japanese
expansion, the US
stopped exporting
airplanes, metals,
aircraft parts, and
aviation gasoline to
Japan.
 After Japan invaded
French Indochina in
1941, Roosevelt seized all
Japanese property in
United States.
Japan Invades Dutch East Indies
 Badly needing the oil that Roosevelt had cut off,
Japan decided to invade the Dutch East Indies
(now Indonesia) in late 1941.
Only force that could stop the Japanese was the US Navy
stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
A Day that Will Live in Infamy
 December 7, 1941
 Peaceful Sunday Morning
 Many sailors stationed on the island were eating
breakfast or going about their early morning
routines
 Suddenly, around 8 am, the air was filled with
the sounds of machine gun fire and low level
bombing.
 Attack was over by 10 am
 President Roosevelt called the attack a “day that
will live in infamy.”
Damage
 Damage to the Navy’s Pacific fleet
was incredible!
 All 8 battleships in port were
destroyed or severely damaged.
 More than 180 planes were
destroyed.
 Over 2,000 people were killed.
 Over 1,000 were wounded.